Influencing Factors of Aluminum Futures Price and Forecast Arbitrage

<p>With the rapid development of China’s social economy, the development of related industries has driven the rapid growth of aluminum consumption. As the second largest metal, aluminum products have been integrated into real life and widely used in aerospace, construction, transportation, electricity, packaging and other fields. This paper takes Shanghai Aluminum Continuous Futures (AL7777) as an example to study its influencing factors and arbitrage possibilities.</p>

Analysis of the influence of technological parameters of steel smelting in top blowing oxygen converters on metal oxidation

The article considers the influence of technological steelmaking parameters in an oxygen converter on the oxygen content in steel before tapping. Today, CELOX is an effective, but at the same time expensive method for measuring the oxygen content in steel. The information obtained using this device allows you to accurately determine the ferroalloys consumption for deoxidation of steel. Since the oxygen content in steel before production directly affects the ferroalloys and aluminum consumption, necessary for steel deoxidation, the aim of this work was to create a mathematical model that allows determining the oxygen content in steel before tapping, taking into account the controlled melting parameters. The object of the study was a top blowing oxygen converter of 60 t capacity. The following analysis was carried out for 3PS steel grade. To create a mathematical model, the factors that have the greatest influence on the oxygen content in steel before tapping were previously selected by the method of correlation analysis. Such factors included the carbon, manganese, sulfur and phosphorus content in steel before tapping, its temperature and specific consumption of oxygen. Using the method of multiple regression analysis, a mathematical model was determined, which allows determining the oxygen content in steel before tapping at the end of each melt. Comparison of the actual data on the oxygen content in steel before tapping with the results of calculation using the model showed their high convergence, which confirms the adequacy of the obtained model. The application of the developed mathematical model for predicting the oxygen content in steel before tapping in a real metallurgical enterprise will allow reduce consumption of ferroalloys and alumina for deoxidation of crude steel.

Coagulation and electrocoagulation for co-treatment of stabilized landfill leachate and municipal wastewater

Landfill leachate and municipal wastewater at various ratios (1:20, 1:10, 1:7 and 1:5) were subjected to coagulation and electrocoagulation (EC). Alum was used in conventional coagulation at pH 6 and aluminum plate as electrode was used in EC at a current density of 386 A/m2 with 5 cm inter electrode spacing. Treatment efficiency was assessed from removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), turbidity, ammonia, nitrate and phosphate. At 1:5 ratio of landfill leachate to municipal wastewater, highest COD removal was with 3.8 g/L alum whereas highest turbidity removal was with 3.3 g/L alum during coagulation. EC exhibited almost similar removal efficiency for all the parameters at different ratios tested except for COD which was considerably higher at 1:20 ratio. Aluminum consumption from electrode was 0.7 g/L following EC as compared to 3.8 g/L alum used in coagulation. The amount of sludge produced was found to be higher with EC as compared to coagulation which could be due to the fact that the electrochemical method was performed for a longer duration than conventional coagulation. For minimal sludge generation, EC reaction time should be ∼30 min. Further studies with EC process on costing and sludge generation will help to advance the technology for wastewater treatment.

Human Health Effects of Dietary Aluminum

<p>Aluminum is abundant in the environment and can also be found in most foods. To date, no convincing data has been found regarding the possible risk of ingesting aluminum through food, water and pharmaceuticals. This paper sought to review current literature to find evidence of the health effects of aluminum absorption in the diet in humans.</p><p>The review found that the evidence is contradictory and as such, there is no established causation between dietary aluminum and adverse health effects. Many studies suggest a relationship between aluminum consumption and Alzheimer’s disease, but here again, the results are inconsistent. More research is needed to establish the risk of daily ingestion of aluminum through the diet, drinking water and the use of pharmaceuticals. Further research should be conducted on subpopulation groups, such as children, chronic pharmaceutical drug users and other vulnerable groups.</p>

Influencing Factors of Chinese Aluminium Resources Demand in the Next 20 Years

This paper analyzed the development path of the major aluminum consumption department, such as construction, machinery manufacturing, transportation and so on, to discern its future trend along with its effects on aluminum consumption. With the experiences from developed countries, this paper dissected Chinas aluminum comsumption intensity and substitution effect. This article also pointed out that the influencing factors will keep on developing, which will promote Chinas aluminum consumption growth.

Ratio of Magnesium in Prepared High Titanium Ferroalloy with Titanium Concentrate and Titanium Slag by Thermite Reduction

Titanium concentrate and titanium slag were used to prepare high titanium ferroalloy to reduce cost. In the process, the 6-9% of aluminum consumption was replaced by magnesium. The reasonable slag system composition was used. The results indicate that the ferrotitanium of 75% [Ti] and [Al]<4% was prepared.

The Detonation Properties of Combined Effects Explosives

ABSTRACTIn development of new explosives, it is often necessary to balance a number of attributes in performance while certain formulation constraints exist. Statistical design of experiments (DOE) is a valuable tool for rapid formulation optimization and minimization of costly and hazardous testing. During the development of metal-loaded explosives designed for enhanced blast, it was discovered that upon proper formulation, aluminum additives obtained full reaction by 7 volume expansions, which resulted in extremely high Gurney energies equivalent to LX-14 and PBXN-5 but with lower loading of nitramines. The early aluminum oxidation can be described by Eigenvalue type detonations, where the fully reacted Hugoniot of the condensed phase aluminum oxide and explosive products lies below the unreacted aluminum Hugoniot. Such an analysis describes fully the agreement of aluminum consumption by 7 volume expansions from 1-inch copper cylinder expansion tests and an analytic cylinder model, as well as detonation calorimetry. With the early reaction of aluminum also comes a shift in the gaseous reaction products to higher enthalpy species such as CO and H2, leading to further augmentation of blast. Thus, both the mechanical energy (for fragmentation or “metal pushing”) and blast (for structural targets) are available in a single explosive fill. This provides capability for combined metal pushing and blast in a single explosive that was not previously possible. Development of such explosives and the importance of modern statistical design of experiments will be shared.