Exceptionally high-rate nitrification in sequencing batch reactors treating high ammonia landfill leachate

2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Doyle ◽  
S. Watts ◽  
D. Solley ◽  
J. Keller
Keyword(s):  
Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Ammonia Removal ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Batch Reactors ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactors ◽  
Removal Capacity ◽  
High Ammonia ◽  
Complete Nitrification

The nitrogen removal capacity of a suspended culture system treating mature land fill leachate was investigated. Leachate containing high ammonium levels of 300-900 mg N/L was nitrified in a bench scale sequencing batch reactor. Leachate from four different landfills was treated over a two year period for the removal of nitrogen. In this time, a highly specific nitrifying culture was attained that delivered exceptionally high rates of ammonia removal. No sludge was wasted from the system to increase the throughput and up to 13 g/L of MLSS was obtained. Settleability of the purely nitrifying biomass was excellent with SVI less than 40 mL/g, even at the high sludge concentrations. Nitrification rates up to 246 mg N/(L h) (5.91 g N/(L d)) and specific nitrification rates of 36 mg N/(gVSS h) (880 mg N/(gVSS d)) were obtained. The loading to the system at this time allowed complete nitrification of the leachate with a hydraulic retention time of only 5 hours. Following these successful treatability studies, a full-scale plant was designed and built at one of the landfills investigated.

scholarly journals Effect of temperatures and alternating anoxic/oxic sequencing batch reactor (SBR) operating modes on extracellular polymeric substances in activated sludge

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongwei Sun ◽  
Chenjian Cai ◽  
Jixue Chen ◽  
Chunyu Liu ◽  
Guangjie Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Extracellular Polymeric Substances ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Batch Reactors ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactors ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Nitrification Process ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Denitrification Process

Abstract In order to investigate the effect of temperatures and operating modes on extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) contents, three sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) were operated at temperatures of 15, 25, and 35 °C (R15 °C, R25 °C, and R35 °C, respectively), with two SBRs operated under alternating anoxic/oxic conditions (RA/O and RO/A, respectively). Results showed that higher contents of tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS) and total EPS appeared in R15 °C, while loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS) dominated in R35 °C. In all three kinds of EPS (LB-EPS, TB-EPS and total EPS) assessed, protein was the main component in R15 °C and R25 °C, while polysaccharides dominated in R35 °C. Moreover, compared with RO/A, RA/O was favorable for the production of the three kinds of EPS. Furthermore, three kinds of EPS and their components were augmented during the nitrification process, while they declined during the denitrification process under all conditions except for R35 °C.

Effects of Different Thiobacillus on Bioleaching of Heavy Metals of Sewage Sludge in a Sequencing Batch Reactor

2013 ◽  
Vol 807-809 ◽  
pp. 1445-1450
Author(s):  
Jun Zhang ◽  
Hui Ping Yang ◽  
Dun Qiu Wang ◽  
Zheng Shi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Ferrous Sulfate ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽  
Loss Rate ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Acidithiobacillus Thiooxidans ◽  
Batch Reactors ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactors ◽  
Average Loss

A bioleaching experiment was carried out in two sequencing batch reactors (SBR) of 80 L. Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans (A. t) and Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans (A. f) were enrichment cultured by adding sulfur powder and ferrous sulfate as substrate respectively. Sequential batch leaching ran for three periods in succession. The average removal rate of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn was 90.46%, 90.28%, 90.70% and 79.70%, 81.19%, 84.52% respectively. The average loss rate of total nutrient (total account of organic matter, TN, TP and TK) is 35.36%, 33.36% and 35.54% for three runs in sequence. Comparing with A. f, the acidification time of A. t is shortened by 3.0, 6.6 and 4.9 d, with the increase of 13.5 %, 11.2% and 7.3% for the removal rate of heavy metals.

Substrate Removal Mechanism for Sequencing Batch Reactors

1986 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 21-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Orhon ◽  
Y. Cimşit ◽  
O. Tünay
Keyword(s):  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Batch Reactors ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactors ◽  
Removal Mechanism ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Substrate Removal ◽  
Reactor Types ◽  
The Many

All factors affecting substrate removal in sequencing batch reactor types of biological treatment systems should be fully explored to benefit from the many flexibilities of operation they offer. In this paper, a growth limited model is proposed for this purpose and verified by experimental observations. Interpretation of the results enabled a broader description of the process. It also indicated a number of interesting issues requiring further exploration.

Comparison of Biocenoses from Continuous and Sequencing Batch Reactors

1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 239-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Wanner
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽  
Flow System ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Continuous Reactor ◽  
Batch Reactors ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactors ◽  
Filamentous Microorganisms

Sequencing batch reactors (SBR) are often used for research on nutrient removal systems. A model anaerobic-oxic SBR was compared with a compartmentalized continuous-flow system. The levels of COD, phosphorus, and nitrogen removal in both systems were comparable but the biocenoses differed significantly. The SVI values of activated sludge from the continuous reactor ranged between 100 and 200 ml/g although no significant occurrence of filamentous microorganisms was observed. The sequencing batch reactor produced activated sludge with the SVIs below 100 ml/g and with high settling velocities. Filamentous microorganisms were frequently observed in the biocenosis of the SBR. The differences in settling properties and filamentous growth in both reactors are discussed and explained.

The effect of upflow air velocity on the structure of aerobic granules cultivated in a sequencing batch reactor

2004 ◽  
Vol 49 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 35-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.H. Tay ◽  
Q.S. Liu ◽  
Y. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Shear Force ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Batch Reactors ◽  
Aerobic Granules ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactors ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
Hydrodynamic Shear ◽  
Biomass Retention

The effect of upflow air velocity on the formation and structure of aerobic granules was studied in three column sequencing batch reactors. Upflow aeration would be the major cause of hydrodynamic shear force in the column reactor. Results showed that high upflow air velocity resulted in more compact, denser, rounder, stronger and smaller aerobic granules, while high biomass retention in the reactor was achieved. It was found that high upflow air velocity could induce granular sludge to secrete more cell polysaccharides which in turn contributed to the compact and strong structure. It appears from this study that the structure of aerobic granules could be controlled by manipulating the upflow air velocity.

Creating anoxic and microaerobic conditions in sequencing batch reactors treating volatile BTX compounds

2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Ma ◽  
N. G. Love
Keyword(s):  
Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Batch Reactors ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactors ◽  
Reactor Configuration ◽  
Oxygen Conditions ◽  
Benzene Toluene ◽  
Xylene Isomers ◽  
Laboratory Reactor ◽  
Microaerobic Conditions

An experimental strategy is introduced for studying the biodegradation of wastewaters containing volatile contaminants using an alternating anoxic/microaerobic sequencing batch reactor (SBR). Benzene, toluene, and the xylene isomers (BTX) served as model volatile contaminants for this study. The reactor was configured to overcome stripping the volatile BTX compounds into the atmosphere to provide opportunities for BTX biodegradation. Oxygen-free anoxic and microaerobic (< 0.2 mg/L dissolved oxygen) conditions were established using a novel laboratory reactor configuration. ORP was successfully used to monitor different electron acceptor conditions in the SBR. Toluene and m-xylene were amenable to anoxic (denitrifying) metabolism while benzene, o-, and p-xylene were biodegradable under microaerobic conditions. The results demonstrate that establishing microaerobic conditions in full-scale bioreactors may be an appropriate way to encourage the biodegradation of aerobically biodegradable volatile contaminants. Additionally, the laboratory reactor configuration introduced in this paper may be useful in subsequent studies involving microaerobic metabolism.

Reactive textile dye colour removal in a sequencing batch reactor

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 321-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.D. Lourenço ◽  
J.M. Novais ◽  
H.M. Pinheiro
Keyword(s):  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Biomass Concentration ◽  
Reactive Dye ◽  
Textile Dye ◽  
Batch Reactors ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactors ◽  
Colour Removal ◽  
Removal Capacity ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Remazol Brilliant Violet 5R

Two sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) with sequenced anaerobic/aerobic phases were used to study biological colour removal from a simulated cotton textile effluent containing an azo reactive dye. One of the reactors was daily fed with Remazol Brilliant Violet 5R dye and the other was used as control. When operating with a sludge retention time (SRT) of 15 days the total COD removal was around 80%, with 30% being removed anaerobically. After 40–50 days of acclimatization the colour removal efficiency reached a maximum, stable value of 90% from a feed dye concentration of 90 mg/l, almost all being removed during the anaerobic phase. This colour removal was attributed to microbial degradation rather than adsorption and colour removal capacity was not lost even after a seven-day absence of dye in the fed substrate. The dye-fed reactor experienced a reduction in the ORP values attained during the non-aerated phase, after acclimatization, an effect not observed in the dye-free control. Under denitrifying conditions it was observed that the decolouration levels achieved in the anaerobic phase decreased from 90% to 70% after only two cycles with a feed containing 45–60 mg NO3/l. Reduction of the SRT value from 15 to 10 days reduced the biomass concentration from 2.0 to 1.2 g VSS/l and lowered colour removal levels from 90% to 30–50%. When the SRT value was increased back to 15 days the colour removal capacity of the system was completely recovered, suggesting that with a SRT of 10 days the adequate microbial population could not be installed in the reactors.

Polishing of pretreated dye wastewater using novel sequencing batch reactors

2008 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 407-411
Author(s):  
K. S. Singh ◽  
M. M. LeBlanc ◽  
D. Bhattacharyya
Keyword(s):  
Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Textile Wastewater ◽  
Batch Reactors ◽  
Dye Wastewater ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactors ◽  
Cycle Times ◽  
Reactor Technology ◽  
Discrete Phase ◽  
Operation Cycle

Novel, aerobic sequencing batch reactor technology was tested as a polishing step for anaerobically treated textile wastewater containing dye. Operation cycle times of 6, 8 and 12 hours were studied using discrete phase periods. The SBRs were able to further remove influent dye concentration of as little as 5 mg/L, and remove highly variable loadings of COD and SS to effluent levels of 100 and 20 mg/L respectively.

Nutrient removal of ammonia rich effluents in a sequencing batch reactor

2004 ◽  
Vol 48 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 377-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Yilmaz ◽  
I. Oztürk
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Calcium Acetate ◽  
Ammonia Removal ◽  
Operating Strategy ◽  
External Carbon Source ◽  
High Ammonia ◽  
Denitrification Process ◽  
Raw Wastewater

The aim of this study was to develop an appropriate operating strategy for ammonia removal of young landfill leachate in a lab-scale sequencing batch reactor, SBR. SBR was operated at five different phases by changing the aerobic cycle time and external carbon source during the denitrification process. SBR provides the opportunity to arrange the operating periods according to variable conditions such as wastewater characterization in order to optimise the performance of the system. By monitoring the variations occurring in each period during a full cycle an appropriate operating strategy may be defined. The main problem faced during the experimentation period particularly was due to use of raw wastewater with high NH4-N content as an external carbon source, as it affected denitrification performance to a great extent. This trouble was overcome if calcium acetate was used as the external carbon source instead of the raw wastewater. In case of using a suitable aeration period and the convenient external carbon source, high ammonia removals were observed.

Use of a new anaerobic-aerobic sequencing batch reactor system to enhance biological phosphorus removal

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahnaz Danesh ◽  
Jan A. Oleszkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Batch Reactors ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactors ◽  
Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Acid Fermenter ◽  
Biological Phosphorus ◽  
Enhance Biological Phosphorus Removal

A two-stage anaerobic-aerobic sequencing batch reactor (SBR) system (PAF-SBR) was developed to enhance biological phosphorus removal in the sequencing batch reactors. The system performance was evaluated against a conventional SBR system in parallel lab-scale reactors at room temperature, using the degritted raw wastewater as the feed. The SRT for the anaerobic SBR which is named PAF (Primary Acid Fermenter) was 12 days, and for both the BNR reactors was 10 days. All reactors were run at 3 cycles per day. A significant difference (P=0.01) was observed between the performances of the two systems. The Ortho-P concentration in the effluent from the PAF-SBR was mostly below 0.5 mg/L while in the conventional SBR was generally above 1.5 mg/L. Lack of availability of carbon (mean VFA/PSol.=1.1) and long anoxic/anaerobic period were the major causes of inefficient removal of phosphorus in the conventional SBR system. The use of anaerobic stage however increased the mean VFA/PSol. to 11.3 which enhanced Bio-P removal in the PAF-SBR system. Prefermentation also improved the sludge consistency and settleability in the following SBR unit. The results indicated that by using the perfermentation step, the anoxic/anaerobic period in the BNR-SBR could be controlled and reduced to less than 50 minutes, which would reduce the total cycle time from 8 hr to 6 hr.

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