scholarly journals Risk based urban watershed management under conflicting objectives

2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 69-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Novotny ◽  
D. Clark ◽  
R. J. Griffin ◽  
D. Booth
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Flood Control ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Urban Stream ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Conflicting Objectives ◽  
Gis Environment ◽  
Ecological Preservation ◽  
Ecologically Sustainable

Ecological impairment and flooding caused by urbanization can be expressed numerically by calculating the risks throughout the watershed (floodplain) and along the main stems of the streams. The risks can be evaluated in terms of the present and/or future. This article describes the methodologies for ascertaining the risks in the Geographical Information Systems (GIS) environment. The objectives of urban flood controls and ecological preservation/restoration of urban waters are often conflicting and, in the past, the sole emphasis on flood control led to destruction of habitat and deterioration of water quality. An optimal solution to these two problems may be achieved by linking the risks to the concepts of risk communication, risk perception, and public willingness to pay for projects leading to ecological restoration and ecologically sustainable flood control. This method is appropriate because, in each case, public funds are used and the projects require approval and backing of policy makers and stakeholders. This article briefly describes a research project that attempts to resolve the conflict between the flood protection and stream ecological preservation and restoration and suggests alternative ways of expressing benefits of urban stream flood control and restoration projects.

scholarly journals Tight coupling UFMArcGIS for simulating inundation depth in densely area

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1523-1530 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. H. Kang
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Hydrological Modeling ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Tight Coupling ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Inundation Depth ◽  
Flood Model ◽  
Coupling Approach ◽  
Exploratory Data ◽  
Gis Environment

Abstract. The integration of hydrological models and Geographical Information Systems (GIS) usually takes two approaches: loose coupling and tight coupling. This paper presents a tight coupling approach within a GIS environment that is achieved by integrating the urban flood model with the macro language of GIS. Such an approach affords an uncomplicated way to capitalize on the GIS visualization and spatial analysis functions, thereby significantly supporting the dynamic simulation process of hydrological modeling. The tight coupling approach is illustrated by UFMArcGIS (Urban Flood Model with ArcGIS), which is a realization of an urban flood model integrated with the VBA (visual basic of application) language of ArcGIS. Within this model, major stages of model structures are created from the initial parameter input and transformation of datasets, intermediate maps are then visualized, and the results are finally presented in various graphical formats in their geographic context. This approach provides a convenient and single environment in which users can visually interact with the model, e.g. by adjusting parameters while simultaneously observing the corresponding results. This significantly facilitates users in the exploratory data analysis and decision-making stages in terms of the model applications.

Geographical Information Systems for Biomass Estimate and the Search for Renewable Energy Sources

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Borruso
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Need To Evaluate ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
Gis Environment

In this paper the attention is drawn on GIS as a support for energy choices for a sustainable development. Given the growing pressures for respecting the environment on one side and on limited non-renewable energy sources, mainly oil-based, on the other side, there is a need to evaluate different alternative sources for integrating those already available and to foster energy saving. This paper is focused on biomasses, and particularly on those originating from cattle and swine breeding. An example is given of localization and quantification of energy potential deriving from animal breeding in Friuli Venezia Giulia Region (North Eastern Italy), focusing on cattle and swine ones, from the analysis of local units and animals registered at municipality level. In this stage of the research, the GIS environment is used to analyse statistical data at municipality level and for computing the theoretical output in energy terms, hypothesising different scenarios.

A new methodology for surcharge risk management in urban areas (case study: Gonbad-e-Kavus city)

2016 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 823-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farhad Hooshyaripor ◽  
Jafar Yazdi
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Pareto Front ◽  
Low Impact Development ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Curve Number ◽  
Hydrologic Model ◽  
Storm Event ◽  
Nsga Ii ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Conflicting Objectives

This research presents a simulation-optimization model for urban flood mitigation integrating Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II) with Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) hydraulic model under a curve number-based hydrologic model of low impact development technologies in Gonbad-e-Kavus, a small city in the north of Iran. In the developed model, the best performance of the system relies on the optimal layout and capacity of retention ponds over the study area in order to reduce surcharge from the manholes underlying a set of storm event loads, while the available investment plays a restricting role. Thus, there is a multi-objective optimization problem with two conflicting objectives solved successfully by NSGA-II to find a set of optimal solutions known as the Pareto front. In order to analyze the results, a new factor, investment priority index (IPI), is defined which shows the risk of surcharging over the network and priority of the mitigation actions. The IPI is calculated using the probability of pond selection for candidate locations and average depth of the ponds in all Pareto front solutions. The IPI can help the decision makers to arrange a long-term progressive plan with the priority of high-risk areas when an optimal solution has been selected.

Cartography and GIS

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Вячеслав Раклов ◽  
Vyacheslav Raklov
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Land Management ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Gis Mapping ◽  
History Of ◽  
Gis Environment ◽  
Composition Structure ◽  
Classification Of Maps

The textbook considers the basic concepts of cartography, the history of its development, as well as the classification of maps and the main elements of the map, the issues of mathematical cartography, the main stages of creating maps, the factors, types and methods of cartographic generalization. Separate sections of the manual are devoted to cartographic signs and methods of image on maps of thematic content, the development of cartographic scales and methods of use of maps in land management and cadastre. Separately, the issues of the functioning of geographical information systems (GIS): their composition, structure, technology for creating thematic maps in the GIS environment. The manual concludes with a section on GIS mapping for real estate cadastre, environmental protection and land monitoring, as well as recommendations on the choice of GIS and requirements for cartographic documentation of real estate cadastre. Recommended for students studying in the field of "land Management", "Land cadastre", "Urban cadastre".

Geographical Information Systems for Biomass Estimate and the Search for Renewable Energy Sources

2012 ◽  
pp. 486-499
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Borruso
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Need To Evaluate ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
Gis Environment

In this paper the attention is drawn on GIS as a support for energy choices for a sustainable development. Given the growing pressures for respecting the environment on one side and on limited non-renewable energy sources, mainly oil-based, on the other side, there is a need to evaluate different alternative sources for integrating those already available and to foster energy saving. This paper is focused on biomasses, and particularly on those originating from cattle and swine breeding. An example is given of localization and quantification of energy potential deriving from animal breeding in Friuli Venezia Giulia Region (North Eastern Italy), focusing on cattle and swine ones, from the analysis of local units and animals registered at municipality level. In this stage of the research, the GIS environment is used to analyse statistical data at municipality level and for computing the theoretical output in energy terms, hypothesising different scenarios.

Designing Genetic Algorithms to Solve GIS Problems

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk Thierens ◽  
Mark De Berg
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithms ◽  
Building Block ◽  
Domain Knowledge ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Specific Class ◽  
Map Labeling ◽  
Linkage Learning

What makes a problem hard for a genetic algorithm (GA)? How does one need to design a GA to solve a problem satisfactorily? How does the designer include domain knowledge in the GA? When is a GA suitable to use for solving a problem? These are all legitimate questions. This chapter will offer a view on genetic algorithms that stresses the role of the so-called linkage. Linkage relates to the fact that between the variables of the solution dependencies exist that cause a need to treat those variables as one “block,” since the best setting of each individual variable can only be determined by looking at the other variables as well. The genes that represent these variables will then have to be transferred together. When these genes are set to their optimal values, they constitute a building block. Building blocks will be transferred as a whole during recombination and the building blocks of all the genes make up the optimal solution. As will become apparent, knowing the linkage of a building block is a big advantage and will allow one to design efficient GAs. Sadly, in the majority of problems, the linkage is unknown. This observation has given rise to a lot of development in linkage learning algorithms (for an example, see Kargupta 1996). However, there is a specific class of problems that allows for relatively easy determination of linkage: spatial problems. This is because in these problems, the linkage is geometrically defined. We will focus in this chapter on certain hard problems that arise in the context of geographical information systems and for which the linkage can be easily found. Specifically, we will fully detail the design of a GA for the problem of map labeling, which is an important problem in automated cartography. The map labeling problem for point features is to find a placement for the labels of a set of points such that the number of labels that do not intersect other labels is maximized.

Urban Flood Control System Based on 3G-Wireless Network and GIS Technology

2013 ◽  
Vol 791-793 ◽  
pp. 1752-1755
Author(s):  
Gang Zhang ◽  
Yang Shao ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Wei Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Flood Control ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Surveillance Video ◽  
Gis Technology ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Sensing Technology ◽  
Pump Station ◽  
Information System Technology ◽  
Geographical Information System Technology

In recent years heavy rainstorm has occurred frequently in cities of China, which threatens to the safety of people and causes the flood control situation to become more complex and grim. Flood control depends on real-time flood data, such as rainfall, river stage, and PSRP (pump station running parameters). Therefore the accuracy and stability of data acquisition and transmission are particularly important. This paper explores to make use of geographical information system technology, 3G wireless networks, and sensing technology to design and implement an urban flood control system. This system can acquire and transmit flood data and surveillance video stably and efficiently. Experiments prove that this system can decision making and greatly improve efficiency of flood control.

scholarly journals Quantitative Land Suitability Mapping for Crop Cultivation

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 77-83
Author(s):  
Svitlana Kokhan ◽  
Antonina Moskalenko ◽  
Oleg Drozdivskyi
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Base ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Land Suitability ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Crop Cultivation ◽  
Suitability Assessment ◽  
Crop Suitability ◽  
Multi Criteria Evaluation ◽  
Gis Environment

Developing the structure of geodatabase and knowledge base to provide quantitative mapping of land suitability for cultivation the main crops has been shown in the research. The general model and catalogs of knowledge base were designed that are structuring and formalizing information for creating thematic and complex maps and geomodels. The real world spatial problems give rise to multi-criteria decision-making based on geographical information systems (GIS). The GIS environment provides both aggregation and spatial analysis of various georeferenced data. In this paper, the two approaches of multi-criteria evaluation (MCE) are represented - overlaying with the AND operation and the lowest score assignment on one criterion. An example of multi-attribute decision analysis is done using criteria for the crop suitability assessment. A comparison of those two approaches has been made, based on results of the land-use suitability mapping for the study crops - winter wheat, sunflower and corn. The results demonstrated that at certain locations, a range of criteria values, according to the AND operations had the lower applicability and less flexibility than according to the second approach, based on the lowest score assignment on one criterion. Designed maps characterize the threshold status of the soil quality to provide yields of studied crops on certain areas. A set of land suitability maps, designed as quantitative models of integration of environmental, soil and climatic conditions, would be very effective to manage the complex decisions under the crop cultivation.

scholarly journals DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR SOLVING THE STREET ROUTING PROBLEM

Transport ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 230-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Matis
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Decision Support Systems ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Support Systems ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Routing Problem ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Number Of Customers

Servicing a large number of customers in a city zone is often a considerable part of many logistics chains. The capacity of one delivery vehicle is limited, but, at the same time, it usually serves plenty of customers. This problem is often called a Street Routing Problem (SRP). Key differences between Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) and SRP are presented here. The main problem of SRP is that when the number of customers is huge, the number of delivery path combinations becomes enormous. As the experimental results show in the case of SRP the error on the length of delivery routes based on an expert's judgment when compared to the optimal solution is in the range of 10–25%. As presented in the paper, only using decision support systems such as Geographical Information Systems (GIS) makes possible to effectively manage SRP. Besides classical measurements used in VRP, such as total length of routes or time required for delivery in each route, other measurements, mostly qualitative ones, are presented. All of these are named as visual attractiveness. This paper discusses possible relationships between quantitative and qualitative measurements that give a promise for finding better solutions of SRP. Several new types of heuristics for solving SRP are evaluated and afterward compared using the real data. One of the key properties of GIS to use routing software is its flexible interactive and user‐friendly environment. Routing software can find a good solution and explore the possibilities while an expert later can change the calculated routes to explore other possibilities based on the expert's judgment. This paper presents a practical use of new heuristics with the ArcView and solution of address mail for several cities in Slovakia served by Slovak Post ltd. Other Decision Support Systems that solve SRP are presented as TRANSCAD developed by Caliper Corporation or GeoRoute promoted by Canadian Post and GIRO.

scholarly journals Delineating surface and sub surface waterlogged area using RS & GIS: a case study of Rachna Doab

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Hannan Mehmood ◽  
Mobushir Riaz Khan ◽  
Muhammad Amin ◽  
Rizwan Ali
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Monsoon Period ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
Water Index ◽  
Post Monsoon ◽  
Waterlogged Area ◽  
Gis Environment

Remote sensing (RS) combined with Geographical Information Systems (GIS) offers fabulous contrasting option to routine mapping strategies in observing and mapping of surface and sub-surface waterlogged areas. In the present study, a pre-monsoon and post-monsoon surface waterlogged area was delineated in the four districts of Rachna doab, using Landsat 8 data acquired for the year 2014. Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI) was used mainly to delineate surface waterlogged areas. Perennial surface waterlogged areas were assessed for the study area by incorporating the waterlogged areas derived for both the pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons under GIS environment. Result shows that the total surface waterlogged area in pre-monsoon is 5,861 ha, which is 0.51 % of study area and for post-monsoon the surface waterlogging is 8,661 ha, which is 0.75% of study area respectively. Perennial surface waterlogging is 3,573 ha, which is 0.30% of the study area. Maximum waterlogged area was observed in Gujranwala district followed by Hafizabad, Sheikhupura and Nankana Sahib respectively. Further, waterlogged areas caused by rise in groundwater level were also assessed spatially under ArcGIS environment using the piezometric data pertaining of pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons for the year 2014 which were spread all over the study area. The analysis of both the seasons of groundwater levels indicates that the area under critical category during pre-monsoon period was 47,309 ha, which is 4% of the total area. Area under most critical category during post-monsoon period increased from 47,309 to 131,070 ha, which is 11% of the total. The study shows utility of remote sensing and GIS for evaluation of waterlogging areas especially where waterlogging situations occurs because of excessive irrigation and accumulation of rain and floodwater.

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