Water quality management planning zone development by introducing a GIS tool in Kathmandu valley, Nepal

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (7) ◽  
pp. 209-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.-R. Ha ◽  
D. Pokhrel
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Water Quality Management ◽  
River Pollution ◽  
Pollution Source ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Pollution Load ◽  
Source Information ◽  
Priority Areas ◽  
Bagmati River

This research was conducted to identify the critical pollution (BOD, TN, TP) areas and to develop the priority mitigation zone for the Bagmati River pollution in the Kathmandu valley, Nepal. A GIS tool was used to define and identify the critical pollution areas and sources. Pollution source information such as population, livestock, industry and land use were collected on the basis of the individual village boundary. The industrial, land use and living pollution were aggregated by the GIS overlay analysis capability to obtain the combined pollution load within the watershed. Priority areas for the mitigation of the pollution were defined considering the pollution loading rate, distance of stream from pollution source, and political, religious, and touristic values of the area. This research noticed that Kathmandu, Lalitpur and Bhaktapur municipalities are the major polluting areas and living beings are the major factors of Bagmati River pollution. Delivery ratio for the watershed was found to vary from 40-69% for BOD and nitrogen but the delivery of phosphorus was exceptionally high (92% at Gaurighat and 77% at Chovar) due to cremation activity of the Hindu religion on the riverbanks. Thus, the priority areas for the mitigation of the carbonaceous and nutrient source pollution were identified. At present the land use and industry impaired a very low contribution compared to the huge pollution load from the municipalities to the river system.

scholarly journals PENCEMARAN AIR DAN STRATEGI PENGGULANGANNYA

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arie Herlambang
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Commercial Bank ◽  
Environmental Problem ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Pollution Source ◽  
Environmental Restoration ◽  
Effective Strategy ◽  
Pollution Load ◽  
Environmentally Sound

The rapid growth of population in developing country causes environmental contamination by increasing significantly pollution load in  river and other water body. It needs efficient and effective strategy to overcome contamination in certain areas. Technical identification of pollution source and its influence to environmental quality is important to should be known and socialized to community. Land use to is important to get  priority  and should be  managed consistently environmentally sound, beside solid waste and domestic wastewater. Law enforcement also should be applied, especially to company or industry which significantly gives contribution to environmental degradation. Environmental restoration need fund, so government as regulator need partner  from private to overcome environmental problem. Environmentally based industries and services is needed to be developed as government counterpart, but up to now the development of them retarded caused by non competitive interest of commercial bank. Environmental fund should be collected from polluter through regulated mechanism and In the next future  environmental bank should possible manage the fund and finance environmental industry and services to overcome environmental pollution, in this case government act as regulator only.Key words : water polution, management, water resources, strategies

scholarly journals Pollution Load Capacity Analysis of BOD, COD, and TSS in Karang Mumus River, Samarinda

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 626
Author(s):  
Vita Pramaningsih ◽  
Slamet Suprayogi ◽  
Ignasius Loyola Setyawan Purnama
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
River Pollution ◽  
Model Analysis ◽  
Capacity Analysis ◽  
Pollution Load ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Community Activities ◽  
East Kalimantan ◽  
Domestic Activities

The Rivers in Indonesia often accommodate pollution from all community activities. This happened due to a large number of people who use watersheds for living. One of those rivers is the Karang Mumus River in Samarinda City, East Kalimantan. This study aims to analyze the capacity of the Karang Mumus River pollution load in segments 2, 3 and 4. The analysis model used in this study was the QUAL2Kw and ArcGIS models. The former used to calculate the capacity of river pollution and the latter used to determine land use. The results of the QUAL2Kw Model analysis shown that the capacity of the BOD was exceeded in all segments, COD was exceeded in all segments except segment 3. The entire segment had an allocation of sectoral pollution load originated from domestic activities. This study concluded that the dominant land use of settlements was one of the main causes of this problem.

scholarly journals Environmental geological map of the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal

2000 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. M. Jnawali ◽  
K. Busch
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
River Pollution ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
Governmental Agencies ◽  
Federal Institute ◽  
Geological Map ◽  
Environmentally Sound ◽  
Bagmati River ◽  
Settlement Areas ◽  
New Settlement Areas

The environmental geological map of the Kathmandu Valley at a scale of 1:50,000 was prepared during a Technical Co­Operation Project of the Department of Mines and Geology (DMG) of Nepal and the Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources, Germany. This map is meant to draw attention to the natural environmental risks and hazards, as well as to recommend measures for the protection of important natural resources in the Kathmandu Valley. This thematic map is addressed mainly to governmental agencies and consultants, who can use the map as a database for planning purposes, especially for planning new settlement areas and various types of infrastructure. The map shows the locations of clay, sand, limestone, groundwater, and forest. These resources are very important for the economic development of the Kathmandu Valley. They need protection against the haphazard growth of settlement areas. In the case of mining, environmentally sound methods with monitoring and supervision is recommended. Areas to be considered for agricultural use (rain-fed or irrigation) are also delineated. The map also shows areas of geological hazards and related environmental problems from floods, landslides, and liquefaction of soils. Pollution caused by human activities, such as river pollution, and areas of uncontrolled landfills are also indicated. Pollution of the Bagmati River and its tributaries and the resulting degradation of water quality is a burning issue in the Kathmandu Valley. Rapid urbanisation and increasing volume of industrial and municipal wastes have drastically changed the sacred river into an open sewer. The map has already been used for the general assessment of the environmental geological risks in 27 new settlement areas in the Kathmandu region. This study realised that there is a conflict with other competing interests. e.g., the interests of the landowners. The promotion and implementation of environmentally sound recommendations is very complicated and politically sensitive. Nevertheless, these difficulties should not discourage the planners, because the promotion of environmentally sound aspects is for the long-term benefit of the whole population of the area.

THE EFFECTS OF INDUSTRIAL LAND USE ON THE BAGMATI RIVER BASIN IN KATHMANDU, NEPAL

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Iqbal ◽  
◽  
Tara N. Bhattarai ◽  
Chad Heinzel ◽  
Sushil Tuladhar
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Industrial Land ◽  
Industrial Land Use ◽  
Bagmati River

scholarly journals Assessing carrying capacity of receiving water bodies – A case study in Southern waterways of Binh Duong province

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 84-97
Author(s):  
Le Ngoc Tuan ◽  
Tao Manh Quan ◽  
Tran Thi Thuy ◽  
Doan Thanh Huy ◽  
Tran Xuan Hoang
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Water Quality Management ◽  
Pollution Source ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Source Control ◽  
Local Pollution ◽  
Surface Water Management ◽  
Receiving Water

The carrying capacity of receiving water bodies is one of the important data for water quality management, pollution source control towards harmonizing with the economic development and environment protection. Therefore, this research aimed atevaluating the carrying capacity of receiving water bodies in the south of Binh Duong province up to 2030. 06 key water quality indicators (COD, BOD, TSS, PO43--P, NO3--N, NH4+-N) were exmained with 02 wastewater treatment scenarios. Results showed the investigated area hardly had carrying capacity for NH4+-N and PO43--P, followed by TSS, BOD, and COD. In case of improving wastewater treatment status till 2030, the carrying capacity of receiving water bodies would be increased, but not significant. The carrying capacity of several basins needs to be paid special attention are: Suoi Con 1 basin (BOD, COD, NH4+-N), Suoi Cai basin (BOD, TSS and NH4+-N), the upstream of Cay Bang – Cau Dinh basin (BOD, COD, TSS, NH4+-N), the upstream of Chom Sao – Rach Bung basin (05 parameters, excepting NO3--N), the upstream of Binh Hoa – Vinh Binh basin (BOD, COD, PO43--P, NH4+-N). These findings are an important basis for formulating strategies and proposing measures for local pollution source control and surface water management.  

scholarly journals Quantifying the connections—linkages between land-use and water in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 190 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey C. Davids ◽  
Martine M. Rutten ◽  
Ram Devi T. Shah ◽  
Deep N. Shah ◽  
Nischal Devkota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Kathmandu Valley

scholarly journals Pollution, Sources and Human Health Risk Assessment of Potentially Toxic Elements in Different Land Use Types under the Background of Industrial Cities

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 2121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Xia ◽  
Jiquan Zhang ◽  
Yanan Chen ◽  
Qing Ma ◽  
Jingyao Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Pollution Load Index ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Potentially Toxic Elements ◽  
Environmental Risks ◽  
Pollution Load ◽  
Industrial Land ◽  
Industrial Cities ◽  
Land Use Types ◽  
Accumulation Index

Residents in industrial cities may be exposed to potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in soil that increase chronic disease risks. In this study, six types of PTEs (Zn, As, Cr, Ni, Cu, and Pb) in 112 surface soil samples from three land use types—industrial land, residential land, and farmland—in Tonghua City, Jilin Province were measured. The geological accumulation index and pollution load index were calculated to assess the pollution level of metal. Meanwhile, the potential ecological risk index, hazard index, and carcinogenic risk were calculated to assess the environmental risks. The spatial distribution map was determined by the ordinary kriging method, and the sources of PTEs were identified by factor analysis and cluster analysis. The average concentrations of Zn, As, Cr, Ni, Cu, and Pb were 266.57, 15.72, 72.41, 15.04, 20.52, and 16.30 mg/kg, respectively. The results of the geological accumulation index demonstrated the following: Zn pollution was present in all three land use types, As pollution in industrial land cannot be neglected, Cr pollution in farmland was higher than that in the other two land use types. The pollution load index decreased in the order of industrial land > farmland > residential land. Multivariate statistical analysis divided the six PTEs into three groups by source: Zn and As both originated from industrial activities; vehicle emissions were the main source of Pb; and Ni and Cu were derived from natural parent materials. Meanwhile, Cr was found to come from a mixture of artificial and natural sources. The soil environment in the study area faced ecological risk from moderate pollution levels mainly contributed by As. PTEs did not pose a non-carcinogenic risk to humans; however, residents of the three land use types all faced estimated carcinogenic risks caused by Cr, and As in industrial land also posed high estimated carcinogenic risk to human health. The conclusion of this article provides corresponding data support to the government’s policy formulation of remediating different types of land and preventing exposure and related environmental risks.

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