Comparison of oxygen and carbon dioxide balances in HRAP (high-rate algal ponds)

2003 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. El Ouarghi ◽  
E. Praet ◽  
H. Jupsin ◽  
J.-L. Vasel
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Diurnal Variations ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Oxygen Balance ◽  
Oxygen Production ◽  
Tracer Gas ◽  
High Rate Algal Ponds ◽  
Hydrodynamic Study ◽  
Oxygen Production Rate ◽  
Photosynthesis And Respiration

We previously suggested a method to characterize the oxygen balance in High-Rate Algal Ponds (HRAPs). The method was based on a hydrodynamic study of the reactor combined with a tracer gas method to measure the oxygen transfer coefficient. From such a method diurnal variations of photosynthesis and respiration can be quantified and the net oxygen production rate determined. In this paper we propose a similar approach to obtain carbon dioxide balances in HRAPs. Then oxygen and carbon dioxide balances can be compared.

Hydrodynamics and oxygen balance in a high-rate algal pond

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 349-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. El Ouarghi ◽  
B. E. Boumansour ◽  
O. Dufayt ◽  
B. El Hamouri ◽  
J. L. Vasel
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Oxygen Transfer ◽  
Plug Flow ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Oxygen Balance ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Recirculation Flow ◽  
Hydrodynamic Parameters ◽  
Photosynthesis And Respiration

As for any other system used in wastewater treatment, it is important to know the mixing characteristics and net oxygen balance in high-rate algal ponds (HRAPs). The design of HRAPs obviously is conducive to plug flow, but with a large recirculation flow rate. The pond's treatment capacity will also depend on the net oxygen balance resulting from photosynthesis and respiration. In order to define an appropriate model describing the oxygen balance in the system, two techniques are respectively used for determining the hydrodynamic parameters and oxygen transfer coefficients of HRAPs.

Design parameters of high rate algal ponds using filamentous algae matrix for treating rural stream water

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 159-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.E. Kim ◽  
W.M. Chung ◽  
B.S. Lim
Keyword(s):  
Stream Water ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Filamentous Algae ◽  
Organic Fraction ◽  
High Rate Algal Ponds ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Oxygen Production Rate ◽  
P Removal

High rate algal ponds (HRAP) with a filamentous algae matrix (FAM) as the predominant species, were operated to evaluate the characteristics of FAM and the basic design parameters for treating polluted rural stream water. The porous and gelatinous FAM was formed like a sponge, which functions to prevent excessive loss of the algae in the effluent and can easily be retrieved from the ponds. The organic fraction of harvested FAM was about 88%, which is suitable for use as fertilizer. The HRAP system using FAM was found to be an effective nutrient removal process not requiring any artificial carbon sources for nitrification. At HRT 4 days, the T-N and T-P removal efficiencies were 85.9% and 65.8%, respectively. When the pH and water temperature were maintained above 9 and 15°C, HRT required for achieving a 70% T-N removal efficiency could be reduced by about 3 days. The oxygen production rate by FAM was calculated as 1.45 mgO2/L/m2. The design surface area of HRAP needed per rural inhabitant was about 2.72 m2.

scholarly journals Experimental researches on vegetable assimilation and respiration. XXI.—Induction phases in photosynthesis and their bearing on the mechanism of the process

1933 ◽  
Vol 113 (780) ◽  
pp. 1-41 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Hydrogen Ions ◽  
Oxygen Production ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
Bright Sunlight ◽  
Rate Of Photosynthesis ◽  
Experimental Researches ◽  
Photosynthesis And Respiration

In many reactions proceeding in living cells the concentration of the reactants changes with time, and hence our knowledge of the nature of the mechanism cannot proceed very far without means of determining, directly or indirectly, the changes of concentration. In photosynthesis the reactants carbon dioxide and water can often be readily maintained at a constant level, and consequently investigations have been centred on the relation between the rate of photosynthesis, when it has reached a stationary value, and the concentration of the reactants and various inhibitors and accelerators. Transitions from one stationary state to another, consequent upon a change in intensity of one of the determining factors, have received little attention, Investigation of such transitions may throw light on the mechanism of the process itself, and possibly on the interaction of this and other processes in the cell. The transition to be considered in this paper is that taking place in the rate of photosynthesis when chlorophyll-containing cells pass from darkness to illumination. Perhaps, in view of the interactions between photosynthesis and respiration which we are going to suggest, as well as for other reasons, we ought to say net oxygen production or carbon dioxide consumption rather than photosynthesis. In 1918 Osterhout and Haas (1918) gave the data for one experiment on Ulva in sea water exposed to bright sunlight which, according to the authors, showed "that Ulva which has been kept in the dark begins photosynthesis as soon as it is exposed to light, and that the rate steadily increases until a constant speed is attained." Actually their experiments tell us nothing about the rate in the earliest stages.; only, that in the first 35⋅7 minutes there was as great a change in the concentration of hydrogen ions of the sea water as was eventually achieved in 20⋅4 minutes. The authors developed two theories to explain their set of data.

Viability of nematode eggs in high rate algal ponds: the effect of physico-chemical conditions

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 371-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Araki ◽  
J. M. González ◽  
E. de Luis ◽  
E. Bécares
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Sterile Water ◽  
Egg Viability ◽  
High Rate Algal Ponds ◽  
Helminth Eggs ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Nematode Eggs ◽  
Chemical Conditions

The viability of Parascaris equorum eggs was studied in two experimental pilot-scale high-rate algal ponds (HRAPs) working in parallel with 4 and 10 days hydraulic retention time respectively. Semi-permeable bags of cellulose (15000 daltons pore size) were used to study the effect of physico-chemical conditions on the survival of these helminth eggs. Three thousand eggs were used in each bag. Replicates of these bags were submerged for 4 and 10 days in the HRAPs and egg viability was compared with that in control bags submerged in sterile water. After 4 days exposure, 60% reduction in viability was achieved, reaching 90% after 10 days, much higher than the 16% and 25% found in the control bags for 4 and 10 days respectively. Ionic conditions of the HRAP may have been responsible for up to 50–60% of the egg mortality, suggesting that mortality due to the ionic environment could be more important than physical retention and other potential removal factors.

Wastewater treatment high rate algal ponds (WWT HRAP) for low-cost biofuel production

2015 ◽  
Vol 184 ◽  
pp. 202-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abbas Mehrabadi ◽  
Rupert Craggs ◽  
Mohammed M. Farid
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
High Rate ◽  
High Rate Algal Ponds

Enhancing microalgal photosynthesis and productivity in wastewater treatment high rate algal ponds for biofuel production

2015 ◽  
Vol 184 ◽  
pp. 222-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donna L. Sutherland ◽  
Clive Howard-Williams ◽  
Matthew H. Turnbull ◽  
Paul A. Broady ◽  
Rupert J. Craggs
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
High Rate ◽  
High Rate Algal Ponds

Design and Research of Carbon Dioxide Automatic Measuring Instrument

2013 ◽  
Vol 706-708 ◽  
pp. 704-707
Author(s):  
Qiang Liu ◽  
Tao Wu
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Measuring Instrument ◽  
Automatic Measuring ◽  
Important Material ◽  
System Composition ◽  
Working Principle ◽  
Automatic Measuring Instrument ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Photosynthesis And Respiration

Carbon dioxide is the very important material of plants when they are making food by means of photosynthesis. The concentration of carbon dioxide restricts photosynthesis and respiration in a dose-dependent manner. Therefore, keeping stability concentration of carbon dioxide is quite important for plant to grow rapidly. This paper mainly introduced the system composition and working principle of carbon dioxide automatic measuring instrument, the system taking Freescale MCU as control core. The instrument can collect signal, display data and reset by connecting with the PC. The experiment result states clearly this carbon dioxide automatic measuring instrument has practical value and application significance.

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