Removal of bromate and assimilable organic carbon from drinking water using granular activated carbon

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (8) ◽  
pp. 73-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.J. Huang ◽  
H.S. Peng ◽  
M.Y. Peng ◽  
L.Y. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Operation Time ◽  
Granular Activated Carbon ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Assimilable Organic Carbon ◽  
Study Results

This study investigated the feasibility of using granular activated carbon (GAC) to remove bromate ion (BrO3-) and assimilable organic carbon (AOC) from drinking water through a rapid small-scale column test (RSSCT) method and a pilot-scale study. Results from RSSCT indicated that the GAC capacity for BrO3- removal was dependent on the GAC type, empty bed contact time (EBCT), and source water quality. The GAC with a high number of basic groups and higher pHpzc values showed an increased BrO3- removal capacity. BrO3- removal was improved by increasing EBCT. The high EBCT provides a greater opportunity for BrO3- to be adsorbed and reduced to Br- on the GAC surface. On the other hand, the presence of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and anions, such as chloride, bromide, and sulfate, resulted in poor BrO3- reduction. In the GAC pilot plant, a GAC column preloaded for 12 months achieved a BrO3- and AOC removal range from 79-96% and 41-75%, respectively. The BrO3- amount removed was found to be proportional to the influent BrO3- concentration. However, the BrO3- removal rate apparently decreased with increasing operation time. In contrast, the AOC apparently increased during the long-term operation period. This may be a result of the contribution due to new GAC being gradually transformed into biological activated carbon (BAC), and the bacterial biomass adsorbed on GAC surface hindering BrO3- reduction by GAC either by blocking pores or adsorbing at the activated sites for BrO3- reduction.

scholarly journals Effects of ozonation and temperature on the biodegradation of natural organic matter in biological granular activated carbon filters

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. T. J. van der Aa ◽  
L. C. Rietveld ◽  
J. C. van Dijk
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Granular Activated Carbon ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Production ◽  
Theoretical Maximum ◽  
Assimilable Organic Carbon

Abstract. Four pilot (biological) granular activated carbon ((B)GAC) filters were operated to quantify the effects of ozonation and water temperature on the biodegradation of natural organic matter (NOM) in (B)GAC filters. The removal of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), assimilable organic carbon (AOC) and oxygen and the production of carbon dioxide were taken as indicators for NOM biodegradation. Ozonation stimulated DOC and AOC removal in the BGAC filters, but had no significant effect on oxygen consumption or carbon dioxide production. The temperature had no significant effect on DOC and AOC removal, while it had a positive effect on oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production. Multivariate linear regression was used to quantify these relationships. In summer, the ratio between oxygen consumption and DOC removal was approximately 2 times the theoretical maximum of 2.6 g O2 g C−1 and the ratio between carbon dioxide production and DOC removal was approximately 1.5 times the theoretical maximum of 3.7 g CO2 g C−1. The production and loss of biomass, the degassing of (B)GAC filters, the decrease in the NOM reduction degree and the temperature effects on NOM adsorption could only partly explain these excesses and the non-correlation between DOC and AOC removal and oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production. It was demonstrated that bioregeneration of NOM could explain the excesses and the non-correlation. Therefore, it was likely that bioregeneration of NOM did occur in the (B)GAC pilot filters.

scholarly journals Reducción de trazas de materia orgánica en agua potable mediante la adsorción con Zeolita.//Reduction of organic matter traces in drinking water through adsorption with zeolite

Ciencia Unemi ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (29) ◽  
pp. 51-62
Author(s):  
Richard Iván Ramírez-Palma ◽  
Alejandro Crisóstomo Véliz-Aguayo ◽  
Juan Francisco Garcés-Vargas ◽  
Lucrecia Cristina Moreno-Alcívar ◽  
Gerardo Antonio Herrera-Brunett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Column Test ◽  
Activated Carbon Adsorption ◽  
Working Pressure

El objetivo de esta investigación fue la reducción de las trazas de materia orgánica en el agua potable por medio del uso de zeolita natural, zeolita activada y la comparación con la eficiencia de la adsorción del carbón activado. Se utilizó agua suministrada por la compañía AGUAPEN  E.P. y materiales adsorbentes zeolita natural, zeolita activada y carbón activado. La zeolita se activó térmicamente a 600ªC. Se realizaron pruebas en columnas de adsorción a escala (RSSCT – Rapid Small-Scale Column Test) para carbón activado granular (GAC) de acuerdo a la norma ASTM 6586 para determinar la eficiencia de la adsorción de las trazas de materia orgánica en el agua potable. Se determinó la eficiencia en base al parámetro de carbono orgánico total en muestras simple del afluente y efluente del agua tratada cada 3 horas durante 24 horas. El incremento de la presión de trabajo evidencia el punto de ruptura o colmatación del adsorbente. La concentración del Carbón Orgánico Total (COT) se determinó mediante el análisis de la combustión de la muestra con el detector infrarrojo no dispersivo de dióxido de carbono (CO2). Los resultados mostraron reducción de materia orgánica con el uso de zeolita natural y zeolita activada, con respecto al carbón activado.AbstractThe objective of this research was the reduction of organic matter traces in drinking water through the use of natural and activated zeolite, and the comparison with the efficiency of activated carbon adsorption. Water supplied by the company AGUAPEN E.P. was used, and adsorbent materials as natural zeolite, activated zeolite and activated carbon were utilized. The zeolite was thermally activated at 600 ° C. Tests were performed on scale adsorption columns (RSSCT - Rapid Small Scale Column Test) for Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) according to ASTM 6586 to determine the efficiency of the adsorption of traces of organic matter in drinking water. Efficiency was determined based on the total organic carbon parameter in simple affluent and effluent samples of treated water every 3 hours during 24 hours. The increase in working pressure shows the point of rupture or clogging of the adsorbent. The concentration of Total Organic Carbon (TOC) was determined by analyzing the sample combustion with a non-dispersive infrared carbon dioxide (CO2) detector. The results showed the reduction of organic matter in natural zeolite and activated zeolite compared to activated carbon. 

Molecular Weight Distribution of Organics in Raw and Treated Water

2011 ◽  
Vol 255-260 ◽  
pp. 2731-2735
Author(s):  
Hua Fang ◽  
De Fu Xu ◽  
Xiao Ru Fu ◽  
Yuan Wang ◽  
Ji Lai Lu
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Conventional Treatment ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Treated Water ◽  
Assimilable Organic Carbon ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Huangpu River

Levels of organic matters in raw water from Huangpu River and treated water from different processes have been investigated. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and assimilable organic carbon (AOC) have been determined on ultrafiltrate (UF) (MW cut-off of 1K and 10K Daltons) samples. The organics in raw water are majority of lower MW (<1K Daltons) fractions. The conventional treatment processes are effective in removing higher MW (>10K Daltons) organics, while granular activated carbon (GAC) adsorption can reduce organics with lower MW significantly. The lower MW fractions correspond to 60%~70% of the AOC in raw and treated waters, and much higher than other MW fractions. This indicates that the AOC is mainly related to organics with lower MW. In order to decrease AOC level to achieve biostability in drinking water, the processes which can reduce lower MW organics effectively must be employed.

scholarly journals Different Adsorption Behavior between Perfluorohexane Sulfonate (PFHxS) and Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) on Granular Activated Carbon in Full-Scale Drinking Water Treatment Plants

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 571
Author(s):  
Yong-Gyun Park ◽  
Woo Hyoung Lee ◽  
Keugtae Kim
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Granular Activated Carbon ◽  
Perfluorooctanoic Acid ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Water Treatment Plants ◽  
Replacement Cycle

Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in water have detrimental effects on human health, and the removal rate of these compounds by conventional water treatment processes is low. Given that the levels of PFCs have been regulated in many regions, a granular activated carbon (GAC) adsorption process has been used in drinking water treatment plants to maintain concentrations of PFCs, perfluorohexyl sulfonate (PFHxS), and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), below 70 ng/L. However, it was found that these concentrations in the final product water in local water utilities unexpectedly increased because of inappropriate operation and maintenance methods of GAC, such as its inefficient regeneration and replacement cycle. In this study, the changes in PFC concentration were monitored and analyzed in raw and final water of two large-scale water treatment plants for eight months. Additionally, the correlation of the GAC replacement cycle with the removal efficiency of PFHxS and PFOA was investigated in a total of 30 GAC basins of two drinking water treatment plants. A lab-scale experiment with a coconut-shell-based GAC column showed the possibly different mechanism of removal between PFHxS and PFOA, indicating that the sulfonate-based PFCs may be a limiting factor in GAC replacement cycle for PFCs removal.

Regrowth of bacteria on assimilable organic carbon in drinking water

1985 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Van der Kooij ◽  
W.A.M. Hijnen
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Assimilable Organic Carbon

Evaluating ozone dose for AOC removal in two-step GAC filters

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
pp. 113-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Vahala ◽  
T. Ala-Peijari ◽  
J. Rintala ◽  
R. Laukkanen
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Humic Lake ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Feasible Method ◽  
Assimilable Organic Carbon ◽  
Water Treatment Plants ◽  
Ozone Dose ◽  
Ozonated Water

Upgrading an existing post-ozonation plant with two-step granular activated carbon (GAC) filtration for assimilable organic carbon (AOC) removal was studied. The effects of ozone dose on AOC formation and its removal in the subsequent two-step GAC filtration was studied using chemically pretreated 2 to 14° C humic lake water. Two parallel pilot-plant trains with different ozone doses (0 to 1.2 mgO3/mgTOC) and a short-term ozonation study were performed. The optimum ozone dose for maximum AOC formation was 0.4–0.5 mgO3/mgTOC. The AOC-P17 of ozonated water was three-fold higher and AOC-NOX over ten-fold higher than in non-ozonated water, while the following biofiltration (first step) removed 51% and 72% of AOC-P17 and AOC-NOX, respectively. The adsorber (second step) contributed to less than 10% of the overall AOC reduction. It appeared that biofiltration is a feasible method in upgrading water treatment plants for AOC removal even when treating cold humic waters, while the subsequent adsorber seems to have less significance for AOC removal.

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