Recent practices on wastewater reuse in Turkey

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (11) ◽  
pp. 141-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Tanik ◽  
A. Ekdal ◽  
F. Germirli Babuna ◽  
D. Orhon
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Surface Water Resources ◽  
Treated Effluent ◽  
Urban Wastewater Treatment

Reuse of wastewater for irrigational purposes in agriculture has been a widely applied practice all around the world compared to such applications in industries. In most of the developing countries, high costs of wastewater treatment stimulate the direct reuse of raw or partly treated effluent in irrigation despite the socio-cultural objections in some countries regarding religious rituals towards consuming wastewater. In Turkey, reuse applications in agriculture have been in use by indirect application by means of withdrawing water from the downstream end of treatment plants. Such practices affected the deterioration of surface water resources due to the lack of water quality monitoring and control. However, more conscious and planned reuse activities in agriculture have recently started by the operation of urban wastewater treatment plants. Turkey does not face any severe water scarcity problems for the time being, but as the water resources show the signs of water quality deterioration it seems to be one of the priority issues in the near future. The industrial reuse activities are only at the research stage especially in industries consuming high amounts of water. In-plant control implementation is the preferred effort of minimizing water consumption in such industries. The current reuse activities are outlined in the article forming an example from a developing country.

Water reuse in Israel - the Dan Region Project: evaluation of water quality and reliability of plant's operation

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 231-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Icekson-Tal ◽  
O. Avraham ◽  
J. Sack ◽  
H. Cikurel
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Soil Aquifer Treatment ◽  
Biofilm Growth ◽  
Reclamation Project

Israel is a semi-arid country with insufficient natural water resources. Wastewater effluent reuse and desalination have become the main source of water to compensate for the future water shortage. Today, between 65 and 70% of wastewater of urban and industrial origin is reused in agriculture after treatment in biological treatment plants around the country. The Dan Region Reclamation Project (Shafdan) is the largest wastewater treatment and reclamation project in Israel. 130 Mm3/yr of reclaimed water is used for unrestricted irrigation after soil aquifer treatment (SAT). Extensive water quality monitoring is performed to keep an efficient and safe wastewater reuse system. After 25 years of operation, the Shafdan deals with the following operational issues on an ongoing basis: Biofouling of the effluent pipelines from the wastewater treatment plant to the SAT, and a lack of capacity in the SAT system. Biofilm growth in the pipelines is controlled by intermittently applying chlorine based compounds at a 10 mg/L dosage for a few hours.

A voltammetric electronic tongue as tool for water quality monitoring in wastewater treatment plants

2012 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 2605-2614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inmaculada Campos ◽  
Miguel Alcañiz ◽  
Daniel Aguado ◽  
Ramón Barat ◽  
José Ferrer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Electronic Tongue ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Quality Monitoring ◽  
Voltammetric Electronic Tongue

Environmental effects analysis of a wastewater reuse system for agriculture in Korea

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tae Il Jang ◽  
Seung Woo Park ◽  
Hak Kwan Kim
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Health Hazards ◽  
Reclaimed Wastewater ◽  
Potential Health

The long-term goal of this research is to develop the infra-technologies to reclaim effluents from wastewater treatment plants and reuse them for agricultural water demands. The objectives of this were: 1) to study the effects of various wastewater treatment levels on crop growth and yields; 2) to determine the pollution loads from wastewater applications to paddy fields, and explore potential health hazards; 3) to investigate the treatment efficiencies of three different levels of treatment systems; and 4) to assess the agro-environmental effects of reusable wastewater resources. Wastewater reuse systems can be greatly beneficial for irrigating crops and improving river water quality. Field experiments for cultivating rice with reclaimed wastewater were carried out on the test plots. The effects of various wastewater treatment levels on water quality, paddy soil, crop growth, yields, and the health hazards were investigated.

OPTIMAL UTILIZATION OF RECLAIMED WASTEWATER FOR IRRIGATION PURPOSES: CASE OF AS-SAMRA WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT

2005 ◽  
Vol 07 (04) ◽  
pp. 735-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
BASSAM MRAYYAN
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Reclaimed Wastewater ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
User Demand ◽  
Negative Impacts

Due to the rapid population growth and industrial development in Jordan, the demand on water resources for different purposes, mainly agriculture has been elevated. The shortage of fresh water resources and the high demand make the reclaimed wastewater a key factor in the water budget. This paper examines both positive and negative impacts of wastewater reuse for agriculture. Currently, Jordan has more than 27 wastewater treatment plants all over the country; the largest is As-Samra treatment plant. The objective of this article is to set a framework for optimal utilization of the said reclaimed water taking into consideration the technical, financial, economical and social aspects at the end user demand centers and the new upgrading project at the study area, in addition to promoting the anticipated findings for other similar regional cases in terms of knowledge disseminations and setting a pilot cases for neighboring countries.

scholarly journals Priority Pollutants Monitoring and Water Quality Assessment in the Siret River Basin, Romania

Water ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Roxana Zait ◽  
Brindusa Sluser ◽  
Daniela Fighir ◽  
Oana Plavan ◽  
Carmen Teodosiu
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Priority Pollutants

The Integrated Water Resources Management regulations aim to ensure a good status of surface water quality and its sustainable use. Water quality monitoring of various water users supports the identification of pollution sources and their environmental impacts. The priority pollutants generated by wastewater discharges from municipal, industrial wastewater treatment plants or agricultural areas are of great interest due to their eco-toxicological effects and bio-accumulative properties. The aim of this study was to monitor the priority organic and inorganic pollutants from the Siret River basin, in Romania, with the purpose of assessing the surface water quality status and evaluating it by the Water Quality Index (WAWQI) method. The monitoring of inorganic priority pollutants (e.g., As, Cd, Hg, Ni, Pb) and organic priority pollutants (e.g., Naphthalene, Anthracene, Phenanthrene, Fluoranthene, Benzo(a)anthracene, Benzo(b)fluoranthene, Benzo(k)fluoranthene, Benzo(a)pyrene, Benzo(ghi)perylene, Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene, α, β, and γ-Hexachlorocyclohexane, and Di-2-ethyl-hexyl-phthalate) was conducted within the Siret River basin, during the period 2015–2020. With this purpose, 21 sampling points (18 river sections and 3 lakes) were considered to assess the water quality. The results of this study proved that the water quality within the Siret River basin is generally classified in the 2nd or 3rd class. The spatial distribution of the water quality index values, using ARCGIS, also highlighted the fact that the water quality is mostly unsuitable for drinking water supplies, being influenced by the quality of its main tributaries, as well as by the effluent of wastewater treatment plants.

A study about the use of chemicals in conventional tertiary treatment. Performances comparison of three municipal wastewater treatment plants and pilot plant experiences

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Iborra-Clar ◽  
J.A. Mendoza-Roca ◽  
A. Bes-Pií ◽  
J.J. Morenilla-Martínez ◽  
I. Bernácer-Bonora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Secondary Effluent ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation ◽  
Valencian Region ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants

Rainfall diminution in the last years has entailed water scarcity in plenty of European regions, especially in Mediterranean areas. As a consequence, regional water authorities have enhanced wastewater reclamation and reuse. Thus, the implementation of tertiary treatments has become of paramount importance in the municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) of Valencian Region (Spain). Conventional tertiary treatments consist of a physico-chemical treatment of the secondary effluent followed by sand filtration and UV radiation. However, the addition of coagulants and flocculants sometimes does not contribute significantly in the final water quality. In this work, results of 20-months operation of three WWTP in Valencian Region with different tertiary treatments (two without chemicals addition and another with chemicals addition) are discussed. Besides, experiments with a 2 m3/h pilot plant located in the WWTP Quart-Benager in Valencia were performed in order to evaluate with the same secondary effluent the effect of the chemicals addition on the final water quality. Results showed that the addition of chemicals did not improve the final water quality significantly. These results were observed both comparing the three full scale plants and in the pilot plant operation.

Objectives of a Water Quality Monitoring Programme for the International River Basins in a Developing Country in Southern Africa – Mozambique

1984 ◽  
Vol 16 (5-7) ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
S J Hugman
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Water Quality Data ◽  
Maximum Benefit ◽  
Management And Development ◽  
International Obligations

Mozambique lies on the south-east coast of Africa. Its Independence, in 1975, was particularly difficult and severely disrupted the economy. All its major rivers rise in neighbouring countries and several, in particular those from South Africa and Swaziland, are already heavily used before crossing the border. Since 1977 the National Water Directorate has been responsible for management and development of water resources. The Directorate includes a hydrology department which maintains field-teams throughout the country. Virtually no water quality data are available from before 1972, when irregular sample collection began. Since Independence, sampling has continued but the Directorate has redefined the objectives of the programme to obtain maximum benefit from very limited resources. These objectives were chosen for economic, hydrological and political reasons. The long-term objectives are to provide the data required for agricultural and industrial development projects, to manage and maintain the quality of Mozambique's water resources, and to meet international obligations. In practice, the capacity of the hydrological service is insufficient to meet these objectives. The targets for the existing programme were therefore chosen to satisfy the most important objectives and to be feasible with present resources. The routine programme is being completely operated by technicians who have no more than nine years schooling.

scholarly journals Wastewater Treatment and Water Reuse in Spain. Current Situation and Perspectives

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Jodar-Abellan ◽  
María Inmaculada López-Ortiz ◽  
Joaquín Melgarejo-Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
European Union ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Water Planning ◽  
Structural Problem ◽  
The World ◽  
Access To Water

The issues of wastewater treatment and the reuse of water are of great importance, especially in areas where the shortage of conventional resources is a structural problem, as it is in the case of Spain. Wastewater reuse is a valid mechanism to avoid problems derived from droughts and water scarcity. It allows access to water resources in areas with water restrictions and to prevent futures scenarios, due to it being expected that water consumption will double by 2050 over the world. Thus, the likelihood that this unconventional, strategic resource would become scarce is unquestionable, particularly in cases where water planning and exploitation systems prioritize the preservation, protection, and improvement of water quality, as well as the sustainable and efficient use of natural resources. This paper shows how wastewater treatment and reuse are linked, as the reuse of wastewater is associated with a previous regeneration, and both of them are essential tools for maximizing environmental outcomes, as called for in the European Union Directives.

scholarly journals Global phosphorus dynamics in terms of phosphine

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanyi Fu ◽  
Xihui Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Phosphorus Cycle ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Driving Cycles ◽  
Global Cycles ◽  
Urban Wastewater Treatment

AbstractSince the detection of phosphine in the wastewater treatment plants in 1988, more and more investigations revealed that phosphine is closely related to ecological activities on a global scale. Here, we present perspectives on the whole dynamic cycles of phosphorus, particularly in terms of phosphine and its interactions with natural ecosystems, as well as the impacts from human activities. It may conclude that the phosphine-driving cycles of phosphorus depend on the coordination of human activities with natural ecosystems. Most importantly, the extensive recovery of phosphorus in numerous urban wastewater treatment plants may seriously obstruct its global cycles to catch up with the ecological needs in natural ecosystems. Phosphine gas plays an important role in the biogeochemical phosphorus cycle. Phosphorus might be one of the important elements participating in the global climate change together with carbon and nitrogen.

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