OPTIMAL UTILIZATION OF RECLAIMED WASTEWATER FOR IRRIGATION PURPOSES: CASE OF AS-SAMRA WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT

2005 ◽  
Vol 07 (04) ◽  
pp. 735-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
BASSAM MRAYYAN
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Reclaimed Wastewater ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
User Demand ◽  
Negative Impacts

Due to the rapid population growth and industrial development in Jordan, the demand on water resources for different purposes, mainly agriculture has been elevated. The shortage of fresh water resources and the high demand make the reclaimed wastewater a key factor in the water budget. This paper examines both positive and negative impacts of wastewater reuse for agriculture. Currently, Jordan has more than 27 wastewater treatment plants all over the country; the largest is As-Samra treatment plant. The objective of this article is to set a framework for optimal utilization of the said reclaimed water taking into consideration the technical, financial, economical and social aspects at the end user demand centers and the new upgrading project at the study area, in addition to promoting the anticipated findings for other similar regional cases in terms of knowledge disseminations and setting a pilot cases for neighboring countries.

scholarly journals A survey of attitudes and acceptance of wastewater reuse in Iran: Shiraz City as a case study

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 511-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ali Baghapour ◽  
Mohammad Reza Shooshtarian ◽  
Babak Djahed
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Reclaimed Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Process ◽  
Skin Contact ◽  
Willingness To Use

People's attitudes are a key issue in the use of reclaimed wastewater. Unfortunately, there is not enough research on the use of reclaimed wastewater in developing countries such as Iran. The present study aimed to investigate public acceptance and citizens' attitudes toward reclaimed wastewater in Shiraz, Iran. A two-part questionnaire, designed to collect demographic data and information about people's willingness to reuse wastewater, was distributed among 562 citizens of Shiraz. The results showed that most respondents knew nothing about the chemical quality (67.4%) or microbiological quality (81.5%) of the wastewater treatment plant effluent. The maximum acceptance of treated wastewater use was related to public consumption (87%), car washing (85%) and flush tank (80%), respectively. The minimum acceptance was related to cooking and drinking (8%). Also, a significant correlation was observed between citizens' willingness to use reclaimed wastewater and variables such as level of education, gender, awareness of wastewater treatment process and awareness of quality of reclaimed wastewater. Shiraz citizens, like other people in the world, were less willing to use reclaimed wastewater for cooking, drinking, laundry and bathing, but their willingness was obviously greater in applications with less skin contact.

Reclaimed wastewater to irrigate olive groves and vineyards: effects on soil properties

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pilar Mañas Ramírez ◽  
Jorge De las Heras Ibañez ◽  
Esther Peña Molina
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Water Type ◽  
Reclaimed Wastewater ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Joint Activities ◽  
Primary Water

<p>Having drinking water is one of the sustainable development goals (SDG no. 6) that is not always easy to ensure, especially in countries like Spain or arid regions marked by water deficit. The reuse of treated water should be considered when planning water resources, but it is necessary to conduct experiments to verify that this effectiveness is applicable to real situations. Our field trial was carried out in several study areas distributed in agricultural parcels of SE Spain. Three olive grove and vineyard plantations were monitored for 3 years. Two irrigation water types were considered: freshwater from conventional wells (controls) and treated wastewater (TW). The treated wastewater came from three different wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) that employ a biological secondary treatment without disinfection and different numbers of Inhabitants Equivalent (IE) as a measure of pollutant load. They were located in Valdeganga (3,000 IE), Fuenteálamo (5,600 IE) and Ontur (1,500 IE). All the study plots were watered by drip irrigation using 16 mm-diameter polyethylene pipelines.</p><p>Several soil and water parameters were analysed to determine the main differences among them. Increasing of soil salinity is a real risk after irrigating with wastewater as is reflected in higher electrical conductivity values. However, this fact was compensated by the greater contribution of organic matter and nutrients, which allowed crops to adequately develop. Moreover, no microbiological, metal content, toxicity or organic compounds in the studied water samples were detected and reclaimed municipal wastewater was comparable in quality to the conventional sources at all the demonstration sites. Hence adopting this water type for irrigation for grapes and olives could help save primary water resources. The future of water resources management policies involves sustainable wastewater reuse within a circular economy frame because this is the only way to guarantee everyone solidarity access to water.</p><p>Fundings provided by the ERA-NET WaterWorks2014 Cofunded Call. This ERA-NET is an integral part of the 2015 Joint Activities developed by the Water Challenges for a Changing World Joint Programme Initiative (Water JPI).</p>

Recent practices on wastewater reuse in Turkey

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (11) ◽  
pp. 141-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Tanik ◽  
A. Ekdal ◽  
F. Germirli Babuna ◽  
D. Orhon
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Surface Water Resources ◽  
Treated Effluent ◽  
Urban Wastewater Treatment

Reuse of wastewater for irrigational purposes in agriculture has been a widely applied practice all around the world compared to such applications in industries. In most of the developing countries, high costs of wastewater treatment stimulate the direct reuse of raw or partly treated effluent in irrigation despite the socio-cultural objections in some countries regarding religious rituals towards consuming wastewater. In Turkey, reuse applications in agriculture have been in use by indirect application by means of withdrawing water from the downstream end of treatment plants. Such practices affected the deterioration of surface water resources due to the lack of water quality monitoring and control. However, more conscious and planned reuse activities in agriculture have recently started by the operation of urban wastewater treatment plants. Turkey does not face any severe water scarcity problems for the time being, but as the water resources show the signs of water quality deterioration it seems to be one of the priority issues in the near future. The industrial reuse activities are only at the research stage especially in industries consuming high amounts of water. In-plant control implementation is the preferred effort of minimizing water consumption in such industries. The current reuse activities are outlined in the article forming an example from a developing country.

Environmental effects analysis of a wastewater reuse system for agriculture in Korea

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tae Il Jang ◽  
Seung Woo Park ◽  
Hak Kwan Kim
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Health Hazards ◽  
Reclaimed Wastewater ◽  
Potential Health

The long-term goal of this research is to develop the infra-technologies to reclaim effluents from wastewater treatment plants and reuse them for agricultural water demands. The objectives of this were: 1) to study the effects of various wastewater treatment levels on crop growth and yields; 2) to determine the pollution loads from wastewater applications to paddy fields, and explore potential health hazards; 3) to investigate the treatment efficiencies of three different levels of treatment systems; and 4) to assess the agro-environmental effects of reusable wastewater resources. Wastewater reuse systems can be greatly beneficial for irrigating crops and improving river water quality. Field experiments for cultivating rice with reclaimed wastewater were carried out on the test plots. The effects of various wastewater treatment levels on water quality, paddy soil, crop growth, yields, and the health hazards were investigated.

scholarly journals Characterization and evaluation of treatability of wastewater generated in Khuzestan livestock slaughterhouses and assessing of their wastewater treatment systems

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-118 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Temperature Conductivity ◽  
Appropriate Treatment

<div> <p>Slaughterhouse wastewaters are characterized by a high organic content, mainly composed of proteins and fats. Therefore, these wastewaters should be treated efficiently prior to discharge into receiving bodies to avoid severe environmental pollution. This work aimed to characterize slaughterhouse wastewater generated in one province of Iran (Khuzestan), evaluating various suitability of biological treatment, assessing wastewater treatment plants performance and feasibility of wastewater reuse. Composite samples were collected from input and output of wastewater treatment plant during 6 months (spring and summer) and were analyzed for TSS, turbidity, temperature, conductivity, pH, COD, BOD<sub>5</sub>, fat, total coliform and fecal coliform. Data analysis was done using Excel and SPSS software. The results showed that different quantities of wastewater were generated in any slaughterhouses of Ahvaz (120-600 l/d.sheep), Dezful (110-550 l/d.sheep), and Shushtar (139-694 l/d.sheep). Khuzestan slaughterhouses wastewater is classified by pollution severity as strong wastewater. The BOD<sub>5</sub>/COD ranges from 0.3 to 0.5, which indicates applicability of biological treatment. Wastewater treatment plant of Ahvaz with anaerobic stabilization ponds and extended aeration activated sludge process has the highest removal efficiencies of pollutants. The result also indicated reuse of slaughterhouses effluent was not acceptable due to not comply with the standards of Iran. Finally, if safe use or disposal of these effluents is desired, blood capture from raw wastewater for reducing the amounts of organic loading must be implemented. Also, use of an appropriate treatment plant is noted.</p> </div> <p>&nbsp;</p>

scholarly journals Innovative, compact and energy-efficient biofilm process for nutrient removal from wastewater

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (9) ◽  
pp. 1941-1950
Author(s):  
S. S. Rathnaweera ◽  
B. Rusten ◽  
L. D. Manamperuma ◽  
S. Wang ◽  
B. Helland
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Pilot Studies ◽  
Biofilm Process ◽  
Major Factors

Abstract Rapid population growth, industrial development and stringent demand for treatment of wastewater require developing and emerging economies to upgrade existing wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) or planning new WWTPs. In the context of unavailability or unaffordability of land and resources for infrastructure expansion, low cost, small footprint, less energy consumption and product reuse are some of the major factors to be considered when either upgrading or designing new WWTPs in developing and emerging economies. Although the transition from activated sludge to biofilm processes has partly solved these challenges, there are innovations that can make the processes even more compact and more efficient. Newly developed CFIC (continuous flow intermittent cleaning) process is the next generation moving bed biological wastewater treatment system and is an example for addressing these issues. The CFIC pilot studies showed promising performance for biological chemical oxygen demand and nitrogen removal as well as particle separation facilitating wastewater reuse.

Analysis and balance of phosphorous removal from wastewater at urban wastewater treatment plant

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-151
Author(s):  
Peter Lukac ◽  
Lubos Jurik
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Phosphorus Recovery ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
The Mean

Abstract:Phosphorus is a major substance that is needed especially for agricultural production or for the industry. At the same time it is an important component of wastewater. At present, the waste management priority is recycling and this requirement is also transferred to wastewater treatment plants. Substances in wastewater can be recovered and utilized. In Europe (in Germany and Austria already legally binding), access to phosphorus-containing sewage treatment is changing. This paper dealt with the issue of phosphorus on the sewage treatment plant in Nitra. There are several industrial areas in Nitra where record major producers in phosphorus production in sewage. The new wastewater treatment plant is built as a mechanicalbiological wastewater treatment plant with simultaneous nitrification and denitrification, sludge regeneration, an anaerobic zone for biological phosphorus removal at the beginning of the process and chemical phosphorus precipitation. The sludge management is anaerobic sludge stabilization with heating and mechanical dewatering of stabilized sludge and gas management. The aim of the work was to document the phosphorus balance in all parts of the wastewater treatment plant - from the inflow of raw water to the outflow of purified water and the production of excess sludge. Balancing quantities in the wastewater treatment plant treatment processes provide information where efficient phosphorus recovery could be possible. The mean daily value of P tot is approximately 122.3 kg/day of these two sources. The mean daily value of P tot is approximately 122.3 kg/day of these two sources. There are also two outflows - drainage of cleaned water to the recipient - the river Nitra - 9.9 kg Ptot/day and Ptot content in sewage sludge - about 120.3 kg Ptot/day - total 130.2 kg Ptot/day.

Sludge minimization by disintegration at different wastewater treatment plants

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luchien Luning ◽  
Paul Roeleveld ◽  
Victor W.M. Claessen
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Biological Degradation ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Sludge Minimization

In recent years new technologies have been developed to improve the biological degradation of sewage sludge by anaerobic digestion. The paper describes the results of a demonstration of ultrasonic disintegration on the Dutch Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) Land van Cuijk. The effect on the degradation of organic matter is presented, together with the effect on the dewatering characteristics. Recommendations are presented for establishing research conditions in which the effect of sludge disintegration can be determined in a more direct way that is less sensitive to changing conditions in the operation of the WWTP. These recommendations have been implemented in the ongoing research in the Netherlands supported by the National Institute for wastewater research (STOWA).

Water resources management in Greece: current status and prospective outlook

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 267-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Angelakis ◽  
E. Diamadopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Resources Management ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Reclaimed Wastewater ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
The Past ◽  
Precipitation Water ◽  
Pollution Loads

The basic aim of this paper is to present the existing conditions and problems of water resources management in Greece. Water demand has increased tremendously over the past 30 years. Despite adequate precipitation, water imbalance is often experienced, due to temporal and regional variations of the precipitation, the increased water demand during the summer months and the difficulty of transporting water due to the mountainous terrain. Integration of reclaimed wastewater originating from the wastewater treatment plant effluents into the water resources management is proposed. This plan exhibits the potential for reducing the pollution loads entering sea or inland waters, while at the same time providing water for irrigation.

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