Urban diffuse sources of faecal indicators

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 183-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. O'Keefe ◽  
B.J. D'Arcy ◽  
J. Davidson ◽  
B. Barbarito ◽  
B. Clelland
Keyword(s):  
Capital Expenditure ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Sewage Pollution ◽  
Combined Sewer Overflows ◽  
Diffuse Sources ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Bathing Water Quality ◽  
Work Done

Increasing concern about bathing water quality in Scotland has led to renewed interest in diffuse sources, as well as the already closely monitored municipal sewage effluents and combined sewer overflows (CSOs) that have been the subject of multi-million pound capital expenditure schemes for several years. Early investigations of diffuse sources focused on rural land uses. This paper is an initial effort to consider the possible significance of urban diffuse sources. A review of the potential for diffuse urban sources includes consideration of sewage pollution in surface water sewers, as well as non-human sources such as pigeon and other bird roosts, and faecal material from pets such as dogs and cats. Portobello beach in Edinburgh is the case study selected, because of earlier work done by Scottish Water and SEPA. The Figgate Burn crosses Edinburgh to discharge onto the beach at Portabello, and pollution sources in its catchment are described. Additional information is reported from Dunfermline, where the sewer network has provided examples of three ways in which sewage pollution can occur in urban streams, and also Scottish examples of measures to control some non-human sources (e.g. SUDS).

scholarly journals Modeling of <i>E. coli</i> distribution for hazard assessment of bathing waters affected by combined sewer overflows

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 1219-1232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Locatelli ◽  
Beniamino Russo ◽  
Alejandro Acero Oliete ◽  
Juan Carlos Sánchez Catalán ◽  
Eduardo Martínez-Gomariz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Hazard Assessment ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Combined Sewer Overflows ◽  
Bathing Water ◽  
Bathing Waters ◽  
Combined Sewer ◽  
Bathing Water Quality

Abstract. Combined sewer overflows (CSOs) affect bathing water quality of receiving water bodies by bacterial pollution. The aim of this study is to assess the health hazard of bathing waters affected by CSOs. This is useful for bathing water managers, for risk assessment purposes, and for further impact and economic assessments. Pollutant hazard was evaluated based on two novel indicators proposed in this study: the mean duration of insufficient bathing water quality (1) over a period of time (i.e., several years) and (2) after single CSO/rain events. In particular, a novel correlation between the duration of seawater pollution and the event rainfall volume was developed. Pollutant hazard was assessed through a coupled urban drainage and seawater quality model that was developed, calibrated and validated based on local observations. Furthermore, hazard assessment was based on a novel statistical analysis of continuous simulations over a 9-year period using the coupled model. Finally, a validation of the estimated hazard is also shown. The health hazard was evaluated for the case study of Badalona (Spain) even though the methodology presented can be considered generally applicable to other urban areas and related receiving bathing water bodies. The case study presented is part of the EU-funded H2020 project BINGO (Bringing INnovation to OnGOing water management – a better future under climate change).

The Use of Video Recording in the Study and Conceptualization of the Didactic Transposition Process

2017 ◽  
pp. 168-191
Author(s):  
Ljuba Pezzimenti
Keyword(s):  
School Teacher ◽  
Video Recording ◽  
Primary School Teacher ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Didactic Transposition ◽  
Lesson Analysis ◽  
Practical Research ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Work Done

This research is born of a dual interest: on one hand in the concept of didactic transposition, i.e., “the work done to manufacture a teaching object out of an object of knowledge,” (Chevallard, 1985, p. 39), and on the other hand, for studying practical research and training methods for teachers, based on observation and on the study of teaching practices. This paper describes a case study in which several filmed lessons of a primary school teacher have been analysed by the author using a model to study didactic transposition that was developed following an advanced theoretical study. By then combining the video films with interviews between the researcher and teacher, the results of lesson analysis were provided to the teacher in order to raise his awareness of some of the characteristic aspects of the way in he performed the didactic transposition for the subject of history. The training aim is followed by a research aim, i.e., “assessment” by the researcher of the training or educational route achieved by the teacher. This assessment is the linchpin of this paper.

scholarly journals Methodology to Analyze the Effectiveness of ESD in a Higher Degree in Education: A Case Study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rocío Valderrama-Hernández ◽  
Fermín Sánchez-Carracedo ◽  
Lucía Alcántara-Rubio ◽  
Dolores Limón-Domínguez
Keyword(s):  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Primary Education ◽  
Learning Objectives ◽  
The Other ◽  
First Year ◽  
First Year Students ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The University ◽  
Work Done

This paper presents a methodology to evaluate (1) to what extent students of a higher degree in the field of education acquire sustainability competencies, and (2) to determine whether the subjects that develop the ESD achieve their learning objectives. The methodology is applied to a case study. The instruments used are the sustainability survey and the sustainability presence map developed by the EDINSOST project. The survey consists of 18 questions, and has been answered by 104 first-year students and 86 fourth-year students belonging to the Bachelor Degree in Primary Education Teaching at the University of Sevilla. The Mann-Whitney U test has been used to compare the results of the two groups, and Cohen's D has been used to measure the effect size. Students only obtain significant improvements, with 95% confidence, in three questions (Q4, Q5 and Q6), all concerning critical thinking and creativity. An improvement is also detected in question Q11, with a confidence of 90%. However, no subject in the curriculum develops the learning outcomes concerning questions Q4, Q5 and Q6, and only one subject develops the learning outcomes regarding question Q11. On the other hand, up to five subjects declare development of the learning outcomes regarding questions in which there is no improvement in student learning. These results suggest that the subjects are failing to reach their ESD learning objectives, and that the students are either trained in sustainability outside the university or the subject learning guides do not reflect the work done by the students throughout their studies

P-pollution in a heavily urbanized river basin from point and diffuse sources: the River Ruhr case study (Germany)

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Tetzlaff ◽  
F. Wendland
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Combined Sewer Overflows ◽  
Land Use Patterns ◽  
Diffuse Sources ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Combined Sewer ◽  
Point And Diffuse Sources ◽  
Groundwater Outflow

An area-differentiated model approach (MEPhos) for the quantification of mean annual P-inputs from point and diffuse sources is presented. The following pathways are considered: artificial drainage, wash-off, groundwater outflow, soil erosion, rainwater sewers, combined sewer overflows, municipal waste water treatment plants and industrial effluents. Based on the modelling results “hot spots” for high P-loads can be localized and management option for the input reduction to surface waters proposed. The model is applied to the River Ruhr basin (4,485 km2) in Germany with contrasting natural conditions, land use patterns as well as population and industry densities.

scholarly journals Methodology to Analyze the Effectiveness of ESD in a Higher Degree in Education. A Case Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rocío Valderrama-Hernández ◽  
Fermín Sánchez-Carracedo ◽  
Lucía Alcántara Rubio ◽  
Dolores Limón-Domínguez
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Learning Objectives ◽  
First Year ◽  
First Year Students ◽  
Know How ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The University ◽  
Work Done

This paper presents a methodology to evaluate (1) to what extent students of a higher degree in the field of education acquire sustainability competencies, and (2) to determine whether the subjects that develop Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) achieve their learning objectives. The methodology is applied to a case study. The instruments used are the sustainability survey and the sustainability presence map developed by the EDINSOST project. The survey consists of 18 questions, and has been answered by 104 first-year students and 86 fourth-year students belonging to the Bachelor Degree in Primary Education Teaching at the University of Seville. The Mann-Whitney U test has been used to compare the results of the two students groups, and Cohen’s D has been used to measure the effect size. Students only obtain significant improvements, with 95% confidence, in three questions: Q4 (I know procedures and resources to integrate sustainability in the subjects), Q5 (I analyze the opportunities presented in the subjects to plan educational projects to integrate sustainability) and Q6 (I design educational projects from the perspective of sustainability), all concerning critical thinking and creativity. An improvement is also detected in question Q11 (I know how to develop myself satisfactorily in community educational projects, encouraging participation), with a confidence of 90%. Surprisingly, no subject in the curriculum develops the learning outcomes concerning questions Q4, Q5 and Q6, and only one subject develops the learning outcomes regarding question Q11. However, up to five subjects declare development of the learning outcomes regarding questions in which there is no improvement in student learning. These results suggest that the subjects are failing to reach their ESD learning objectives, and that the students are either trained in sustainability outside the university or the subject learning guides do not reflect the work done by the students throughout their studies.

scholarly journals The added value of smart stadiums: a case study at Johan Cruijff Arena

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-148
Author(s):  
Simon van Heck ◽  
Bart Valks ◽  
Alexandra Den Heijer
Keyword(s):  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Crowd Control ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Effectiveness And Efficiency ◽  
Work Done ◽  
Document Review

Purpose The objective of stadium owners is to attract visitors to their stadiums and by this optimally use their business potential. Stadiums face increasing competition from home-viewing options, with which especially aging stadiums have trouble competing. This paper aims to study the concept of smart stadiums as a solution to this problem, adding the corona age as an additional challenge. Design/methodology/approach First, (smart) stadium literature and theories are reviewed. Then, a case study is conducted, consisting of document review, observations and semi-structured interviews with specialists. The case that is studied is the Johan Cruijff Arena in Amsterdam – the stadium has the ambition to be the most innovative stadium in 2020. Findings Nine different smart tools were identified in the case study, which supports the optimization of various processes in the stadium such as ticketing and crowd control. The findings from this case study showed the potential of the smart stadium concept and how it can add value for the stadium’s stakeholders. The use of smart tools can improve the effectiveness and efficiency of stadium operations, and it can be used to improve the visitors’ experience. However, concrete numbers of progress were difficult to obtain because the smart tools were only recently implemented. Originality/value As seen in the past few years, more and more stadiums are branding themselves as a smart stadium. However, research on this subject is still scarce: existing research focused on other types of real estate. By exploring the work done in theory and practice, the authors hope to increase research on the subject of smart stadiums.

scholarly journals Damaging Similarities in Highly Skilled Signature Simulations - Their Detection and Authorship

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-220
Author(s):  
Mahesh C. Joshi ◽  
Mohinder Singh ◽  
Trilochan Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Science ◽  
Professional Skill ◽  
Field Of Study ◽  
The Real ◽  
Detection And Identification ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Real Person ◽  
Document Examiners ◽  
Work Done

Questioned document examination is a highly specialized and challenging field of study, because of the variety and complexity of problems that are referred to document examiners. Detection and identification of practiced simulated forgeries is an area of forensic science which requires the professional skill, capability and acumen of an examiner, every time he (or she) is called upon to examine and report a case of this nature. This is because firstly, the practiced simulations bear a striking semblance to the copied model and usually contains the handwriting features of the writers, the real person as well as the forger, though in varying degrees.Secondly, the skilled forger rarely leaves his own imprint in the forgery he committed. Most authorities on the subject have advised that the identification of authorship, in such cases, may be considered as an exception rather than the rule. Besides discussing and reviewing the work done in this regard, the authors have also presented and illustrated an intricate case study where the authorship of simulated signatures could be associated with the known handwriting of the suspected forger

TREATMENT OF MUNICIPAL SEWAGE BY THE COMBINATION OF ANAEROBIC AND FACULTATIVE TREATMENT PROCESS - A CASE STUDY

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 1085-1094
Author(s):  
Sudheer Kumar Shukla ◽  
Prerana Tripathi ◽  
Mukesh Pandey ◽  
Amit Dubey ◽  
Misra Shiv Mangal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Process ◽  
Municipal Sewage
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document