Effect of organic loading rate on a wastewater treatment process combining moving bed biofilm and membrane reactors

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 421-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Melin ◽  
T. Leiknes ◽  
H. Helness ◽  
V. Rasmussen ◽  
H. Ødegaard
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Membrane Pore ◽  
Moving Bed ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Removal Efficiencies

The effect of moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) loading rate on membrane fouling rate was studied in two parallel units combining MBBR and membrane reactor. Hollow fiber membranes with molecular weight cut-off of 30 kD were used. The HRTs of the MBBRs varied from 45 min to 4 h and the COD loading rates ranged from 4.1 to 26.6 g COD m−2 d−1. The trans-membrane pressure (TMP) was very sensitive to fluxes for the used membranes and the experiments were carried out at relatively low fluxes (3.3–5.6 l m−2 h−1). Beside the test with the highest flux, there were no consistent differences in fouling rate between the low- and high-rate reactors. Also, the removal efficiencies were quite similar in both systems. The average COD removal efficiencies in the total process were 87% at 3–4 h HRT and 83% at 0.75–1 h HRT. At high loading rates, there was a shift in particle size distribution towards smaller particles in the MBBR effluents. However, 79–81% of the COD was in particles that were separated by membranes, explaining the relatively small differences in the removal efficiencies at different loading rates. The COD fractionation also indicated that the choice of membrane pore size within the range of 30 kD to 0.1 μm has very small effect on the COD removal in the MBBR/membrane process, especially with low-rate MBBRs.

scholarly journals Performance of AnMBR in Treatment of Post-consumer Food Waste: Effect of Hydraulic Retention Time and Organic Loading Rate on Biogas Production and Membrane Fouling

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javkhlan Ariunbaatar ◽  
Robert Bair ◽  
Onur Ozcan ◽  
Harish Ravishankar ◽  
Giovanni Esposito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Side Stream ◽  
Removal Efficiencies

Anaerobic digestion of food waste (FW) is typically limited to large reactors due to high hydraulic retention times (HRTs). Technologies such as anaerobic membrane reactors (AnMBRs) can perform anaerobic digestion at lower HRTs while maintaining high chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiencies. This study evaluated the effect of HRT and organic loading rate (OLR) on the stability and performance of a side-stream AnMBR in treating diluted fresh food waste (FW). The reactor was fed with synthetic FW at an influent concentration of 8.24 (± 0.12) g COD/L. The OLR was increased by reducing the HRT from 20 to 1 d. The AnMBR obtained an overall removal efficiency of >97 and >98% of the influent COD and total suspended solids (TSS), respectively, throughout the course of operation. The biological process was able to convert 76% of the influent COD into biogas with 70% methane content, while the cake layer formed on the membrane gave an additional COD removal of 7%. Total ammoniacal nitrogen (TAN) and total nitrogen (TN) concentrations were found to be higher in the bioreactor than in the influent, and average overall removal efficiencies of 17.3 (± 5) and 61.5 (± 3)% of TAN and TN, respectively, were observed with respect to the bioreactor concentrations after 2 weeks. Total phosphorus (TP) had an average removal efficiency of 40.39 (± 5)% with respect to the influent. Membrane fouling was observed when the HRT was decreased from 7 to 5 d and was alleviated through backwashing. This study suggests that the side-stream AnMBR can be used to successfully reduce the typical HRT of wet anaerobic food waste (solids content 7%) digesters from 20 days to 1 day, while maintaining a high COD removal efficiency and biogas production.

scholarly journals REMOVAL OF ORGANIC MATTERS FROM PIGGERY WASTEWATER IN ANAEROBIC MOVING BED BIOFILM REACTOR (MBBR)

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (3A) ◽  
pp. 211
Author(s):  
Quan Truong Nguyen ◽  
Quan Truong Nguyen ◽  
Ha Thi Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Piggery Wastewater ◽  
Organic Matters ◽  
Moving Bed ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Removal Efficiencies

The objective of this study is to investigate the performance of Anaerobic Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) on the removal of organic matters (using COD and TSS values) in piggery wastewater using two kinds of carrier: Polyurethane (PU) and Polyethylene (PE) - Different organic loading rates (OLRs) varying from 4 to 10 gCOD/l/day with controlled temperature 37±2oC, pH 7.0-7.5 were investigated. The seeded sludge was collected at the anaerobic tank of the wastewater treatment plant of the Sabeco Beer Manufacturing Plant (Nam Tu Liem district, Hanoi) and grown in the MBBR for 15 days. For porous PU material, the COD and TSS removal efficiencies achieved 69.7 and 67.3% and 54.9 and 65.5% at OLR 4 and 6 gCOD/l/day, respectively.  Whereas for wheel shape PE material, it was found that the COD removal efficiencies were slightly higher with OLR of 6  gCOD/l/day (71%%), even with higher OLR at 10 gCOD/l.day, the COD removal efficiency didn‘t seem to significantly increase (73.3 %). For TSS removal, in comparison between PU and PE, the later found slightly better with the same OLRs of 4 and 6 gCOD/l/day, reaching 63.2 and 67 %, respectively. However, TSS removal efficiencies were found to be higher with PE carrier at higher OLR, reaching 72% at 10 gCOD/l/day.

Dairy Waste Treatment with Anaerobic Stationary Fixed Film Reactors

1983 ◽  
Vol 15 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 359-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
L van den Berg ◽  
K J Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Cheese Whey ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
High Loading ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Dairy Wastes ◽  
Plant Waste ◽  
Fixed Film ◽  
Dairy Plant ◽  
Removal Efficiencies

Cheese whey and a dilute waste from a cheese factory with a Chemical Oxygen Demand of 66,000 and 4,000 mg (COD)/L respectively, were treated at high loading rates in 0.7 to 1.2 L downflow anaerobic stationary fixed film reactors and an upflow sludge bed reactor. In downflow stationary fixed film reactors treating cheese whey, COD removal efficiencies of 97% were achieved at a loading rate of 5 kg COD/m3/day and 92% at a maximum loading rate of 22 kg COD/m3/day. With dairy plant waste, loading rates of up to 15 kg COD/m3/day were possible with COD removal efficiencies averaging 75%, decreasing slightly with increasing loading rates. In an upflow sludge bed reactor the COD removal efficiency of dairy plant waste, decreased from 87% at 5 kg COD/m3/day to 73% at 15 kg COD/m3/day. A stationary fixed film reactor treating a skim milk powder waste (4,000 ppm) could only be operated at up to 10 kg COD/m3/day with a treatment efficiency of 72%. Methane was produced from all wastes at rates corresponding to 0.32 m3 CH4 (0°C, 1 atm) per kg COD removed. Results show that stationary fixed film reactors are capable of treating dairy wastes at high loading rates and high COD removal efficiencies.

Kinetics of an anaerobic fluidized bed reactor using biolite carrier

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 1305-1315 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Prakash ◽  
K. J. Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Removal Efficiencies ◽  
Biofilm Development ◽  
Kinetics Of

Start-up and steady state operation of anaerobic fluidized bed reactors (AFBRs) with biolite as the inert carrier material was studied. Start-up and concomitant biofilm development of AFBRs was performed using two common start-up techniques, the maximum efficiency profile (MEP) technique and the maximum load profile (MLP) technique. The MEP start-up technique increases the volumetric organic loading rates to the reactor gradually and is tied to the removal efficiency of the process. The MLP start-up technique maintains a moderately high but constant volumetric organic loading rate irrespective of reactor performance. Using sucrose-based wastewater as feed, both start-up techniques led to equally fast biofilm development and start-up times of approximately 5 weeks. However, the MEP technique resulted in more stable controlled reactor operation during the start-up period. The quick start-up confirms the high compatibility of biolite for bio-adhesion and the development of a healthy active biofilm.High concentrations of biofilm biomass achieved in AFBRs (69 g volatile biofilm solids (VBS)/L of expanded bed volume at an organic loading rate of 25 g COD/(Lùd)) allowed the successful treatment of wastewaters at high organic loading rates and organic removal efficiencies. During steady state experiments, organic removal efficiencies over 80% were obtained for organic loading rates as high as 20 g COD/(L∙d). It was found that the dependence of removal efficiency on hydraulic retention time is influenced by substrate concentration. Total biofilm yield was determined to be 0.08 g VBS/g COD removed, demonstrating the low net synthesis of solids in the AFBR. AFBRs had an average solids retention time of 150 days, corresponding to a washout factor of 0.01. Extrinsic kinetics of the AFBRs was determined to be zero order with a maximum specific utilization rate of 0.48 g COD/(g VBS∙d).AFBRs used to treat municipal landfill leachate with a BOD5:COD ratio of 0.86 achieved steady state COD removal efficiencies that ranged from 70% to 87%, depending on the reactor organic loading rate and the concentration of the leachate being treated. During leachate treatment, biofilm biomass gradually became "mineralized" as a result of precipitation of metal sulfides and carbonates. This eventually resulted in a decrease in biofilm microbial activity and the need for higher pumping rates to maintain the same degree of bed expansion. Key words: anaerobic, biological fluidized bed reactor, biolite, landfill leachate, sucrose, modeling, start-up, steady state kinetics.

Coarse media filtration - an alternative to settling in wastewater treatment

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 81-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Ødegaard ◽  
Z. Liao ◽  
A.T. Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Separation Efficiency ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Tertiary Treatment ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Denitrification Reactor ◽  
Multi Media ◽  
Removal Efficiencies ◽  
Low Dosage

In this paper coarse media filtration has been analysed as an alternative to the traditional settling in primary, secondary and tertiary treatment of wastewater. Various filter media configurations were evaluated for enhanced primary filtration. It was found that a dual media configuration based on Kaldnes biofilm media (K1 and K2modified) were most suitable when taking both separation efficiency as well as filter run time into consideration. SS removal efficiencies of around 75% were achieved in the dual Kaldnes primary filter at around 20 m/h without any chemical addition and around 85% at low dosage (1-2 mg/l) of a high MW cationic polymer FO4440SH. In the latter case COD was removed by around 70%. Further experiments were carried out on a multi-media Kaldnes-Filtralite-Sand (KFS) filter for enhanced primary treatment as well as for secondary filtration directly downstream of a high-rate moving bed biofilm reactor, resulting in an extremely compact secondary treatment process. The secondary KFS-filter gave SS-removal efficiencies around 90% (effluent SS < 15 mg/l) and filter run times of around 24 hrs at filtration rates of 10 m/h (sludge loading rates of around 1 kg /m2h) when a small dose (2 mg/l) of polymer was used. It is also demonstrated that the primary filter may also be utilised as a pre-denitrification reactor. A denitrification rate of 1.5 kg NO3-Nequiv./m3d was achieved when the filter was operated at a filtration rate of 5 m/h.

scholarly journals High-strength ethylene glycol wastewater treatment in anaerobic polyvinyl alcohol gel beads based biofilm reactor

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-55
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽  
Settling Velocity ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Gel Beads ◽  
Pva Gel

<div> <p>In this paper, ethylene glycol wastewater (EGW) treatment was studied by using one anaerobic polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) gel beads based biofilm reactor. Enhanced by PVA-gel beads based biofilm, organic loading rate (OLR) about 11 g COD l<sup>-1</sup> d<sup>-1</sup> was achieved at the end of this study. Black PVA-gel beads with an average settling velocity 322 m h<sup>-1</sup> (9 cm s<sup>-1</sup>) and 0.24g VSS g<sup>-1</sup> PVA gel mainly composed of <em>Methanosarcina spp</em>. were got, while no natural granules were found in this experiment. The COD removal efficiency in this study could reach a high value about 95%. Most COD removal was contributed by the PVA-gel beads based biofilm. It could be concluded that the PVA-gel beads based biofilm reactor is appropriate for EGW treatment.</p> </div> <p>&nbsp;</p>

scholarly journals Intermittent Aeration in a Hybrid Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor for Carbon and Nutrient Biological Removal

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaetano Di Bella ◽  
Giorgio Mannina
Keyword(s):  
Loading Rate ◽  
Nitrogen Loading ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Intermittent Aeration ◽  
Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Moving Bed ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
N Removal

The paper presents an experimental study on a lab scale hybrid moving bed biofilm reactor with intermittent aeration. Specifically, a comparison between two different operating conditions was analyzed: continuous and intermittent aeration. Both continuous and intermittent aeration were monitored and compared in order to get the best operational conditions. The intermittent aeration campaign was sub-divided in three phases with different duration of alternation of aerobic and anoxic times and organic and nitrogen loading rates. The efficiency of N-removal improved by 70% during the intermittent aeration. The best condition was observed with 40 min of aeration and 20 min of no-aeration, an organic loading rate of 2.2 kgCODm−3day−1 and a nitrogen loading rate of 0.25 kgNm−3day−1: under these operational conditions the removal efficiencies for carbon and nitrogen were 93% and 90%, respectively. The derived results provide the basis for WWTP upgrade in order to meet stricter effluent limits at low energy requirements.

Low temperature anaerobic biotreatment of priority pollutants

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 499-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. McKeown ◽  
G. Collins ◽  
F. A. Chinalia ◽  
T. Mahony ◽  
V. O'Flaherty
Keyword(s):  
Loading Rate ◽  
Operating Temperature ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Reactor Performance ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Removal Efficiencies ◽  
Hybrid Reactors

The effect of low operating temperature and pollutant concentration on the performance of five anaerobic hybrid reactors was investigated. Stable and efficient long-term (&gt;400 days) treatment of a cold (6–13°C), volatile fatty acid (VFA)-based, wastewater was achieved at applied organic loading rates (OLRs) of 5 kg chemical oxygen demand (COD) m−3 d−1 with COD removal efficiencies c. 84% at 6°C (sludge loading rate (SLR) 1.04–1.46 kg COD kg [VSS]−1 d−1). VFA-based wastewaters, containing up to 14 g pentachlorophenol (PCP) m−3 d−1 or 155 g toluene m−3 d−1 were successfully treated at applied OLRs of 5–7 kg COD m−3 d−1. Despite transient declines in reactor performance in response to increasing toxicant loading rates, stable operation (COD removal efficiencies &gt; 90%) and satisfactory toxicant removal efficiencies (&gt;88%) were demonstrated by the systems.

scholarly journals Concentration of Municipal MBBR Effluent by FO for Resource Recovery: Batch Experiments in Side-Stream Configuration

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 278
Author(s):  
Willy Røstum Thelin ◽  
Edvard Sivertsen ◽  
Gema Raspati ◽  
Kamal Azrague ◽  
Herman Helness
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Resource Recovery ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Particle Removal ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Particulate Fouling ◽  
Flux Decline

A novel approach for resource recovery includes forward osmosis (FO) as a concentration step in municipal wastewater treatment. The current study investigates different pre-treatment strategies including biological treatment with a moving-bed bioreactor (MBBR) at different loading rates and particle removal by filtration and sedimentation. Membrane performance and recovery potential for energy and nutrients were investigated in laboratory-scale FO experiments in batch mode using pre-treated municipal wastewater as feed and 35 g/L NaCl as a draw solution. Initial water fluxes were in the range of 6.3 to 8.0 L/(m2·h). The baseline fluxes were modelled to account for flux decline due to concentration effects and to enable the prediction of flux decline due to membrane fouling. Fouling-related flux decline varied from 0 to 31%. Both organic fouling and precipitation of CaCO3 and CaHPO4 were identified by using SEM–EDS. High-rate flushing resulted in complete flux recovery under most conditions. Scaling could be avoided by lowering the pH. Two operation strategies were tested to achieve this: (1) applying a bioreactor with a low organic loading rate to achieve high nitrification, and (2) adding a strong acid. A low organic loading rate and the use of additional particle removal were efficient measures that reduced organic/particulate fouling. The recovery potentials for COD and phosphorous in FO concentrate were close to 100%.

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