Fate of nonylphenol and 17β-estradiol contained in composted sewage sludge after land application

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Minamiyama ◽  
S. Ochi ◽  
Y. Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
17Β Estradiol ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Biological Decomposition ◽  
Composted Sewage Sludge ◽  
Composted Sludge

Many environmental problems caused by endocrine disrupters (EDs) have been reported. Because little is known about the fate of EDs accumulated in sewage sludge, we carried out a study to clarify the fate of EDs in composted sludge after its application to soil. Nonylphenol (NP) and 17β-estradiol (E2) were measured for leachate and soil. High concentrations of NP and E2 were detected in the leachate at the early stage, but they decreased rapidly. Also, the high contents of NP and E2 in soil decreased significantly within 300 days. Because the decrease of NP and E2 in the soil was much larger than that of NP and E2 in the leachate, there must have been a physicochemical or biological decomposition mechanism in the soil layer. We also tried to clarify the transfer of NPs to plants from compost. In the experimental conditions of this study, the transfer of NPs to plants from compost was not observed.

scholarly journals Environmental impacts of landfill covering by use of industrial by-products

2019 ◽  
pp. 307-313
Author(s):  
Frida Veibäck ◽  
Lena Johansson Westholm
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Alternative Materials ◽  
Covering Material ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Near Future ◽  
By Products ◽  
Composted Sewage Sludge

Since the introduction of an EC-directive on stronger demands on covering and lining oflandfills, the Swedish Parliament has adopted new legislation on waste deposition.Within a near future, a large number of landfills in Sweden have to be closed down due tothese stronger demands. Covering of landfills has traditionally been carried out with tillas covering material. The use of till causes depletion of a natural resource and in addition,high costs for transportation might arise. Alternative materials have thus been sought for.Two potential materials are sludge and ash. Their behaviour with regard to leaching is notvery well known and the focus of this work is to further investigate this issue. A pilotscale area on a closed-down part of the Gryta landfill site in Viistenis, Sweden; was partlycovered with composted sewage sludge mixed with mineral soil, partly with ash. The aimwas to find out whether the leachate from the covered areas had to be subject for furthertreatment before being discharged into the recipient. The leachate was analysed fornitrogen and phosphorus. The results from the first three months of the experimentshowed high concentrations of both nitrogen and phosphorus in the leachate, probablydue to a washing effect. It is expected that the nutrient concentrations will decrease in thefuture when the content of nutrients in the covering materials have been washed out andwhen vegetation has been established. Further investigations of the leachate will confirmthis. Based on these findings and the fact that the materials fulfil other requirements forcovering materials, it was concluded that both sludges and ashes could be regarded assuitable materials for a sustainable landfill covering. Further investigations on the subjectare however suggested.

scholarly journals Modelling the risk of nitrate leaching from two soils amended with five different biosolids

2005 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 619-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Studart Corrêa ◽  
Robert Edwin White ◽  
Anthony James Weatherley
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Plant Nutrition ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Land Application ◽  
N Leaching ◽  
N Loss ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
Composted Sludge

High N concentrations in biosolids are one of the strongest reasons for their agricultural use. However, it is essential to understand the fate of N in soils treated with biosolids for both plant nutrition and managing the environmental risk of NO3--N leaching. This work aimed at evaluating the risk of NO3--N leaching from a Spodosol and an Oxisol, each one treated with 0.5-8.0 dry Mg ha-1 of fresh tertiary sewage sludge, composted biosolids, limed biosolids, heat-dried biosolids and solar-irradiated biosolids. Results indicated that under similar application rates NO3--N accumulated up to three times more in the 20 cm topsoil of the Oxisol than the Spodosol. However, a higher water content held at field capacity in the Oxisol compensated for the greater nitrate concentrations. A 20 % NO3--N loss from the root zone in the amended Oxisol could be expected. Depending on the biosolids type, 42 to 76 % of the NO3--N accumulated in the Spodosol could be expected to leach down from the amended 20 cm topsoil. NO3--N expected to leach from the Spodosol ranged from 0.8 (composted sludge) to 3.5 times (limed sludge) the amounts leaching from the Oxisol treated alike. Nevertheless, the risk of NO3--N groundwater contamination as a result of a single biosolids land application at 0.5-8.0 dry Mg ha-1 could be considered low.

Have Risks Associated with the Presence of Synthetic Organic Contaminants in Land-Applied Sewage Sludges Been Adequately Assessed?

2003 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 371-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C. Hale ◽  
Mark J. La Guardia
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
The United States ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Sludge Disposal ◽  
Diphenyl Ethers ◽  
High Concentrations

Land application has become the dominant means for sewage sludge disposal in the United States. In 1993, the EPA concluded that synthetic organics therein posed an insignificant risk, based on the results of the 1988 National Sewage Sludge Survey, the view that most persistent organics are no longer in commerce and that industrial pretreatment further reduces their release to municipal treatment plants. However, we detected high concentrations of several problematic compounds in biosolids that were overlooked in the risk assessment, including persistent, bioaccumulative polybrominated diphenyl ethers and estrogenic nonylphenols. These results and other findings call into question the assessment's certainty.

scholarly journals Degradation of Triclosan and Carbamazepine in Two Agricultural and Garden Soils with Different Textures Amended with Composted Sewage Sludge

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 2557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanqiu Shao ◽  
Kai Yang ◽  
Rongchang Jia ◽  
Chao Tian ◽  
Ying Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Agricultural Soil ◽  
Urease Activity ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Garden Soil ◽  
Correlation Studies ◽  
Addition Amount ◽  
Composted Sewage Sludge

Composted sewage sludge (CSS) has been extensively used in agriculture and landscaping, offering a practical solution for waste disposal. However, some pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) like triclosan (TCS) and carbamazepine (CBZ) have restricted its land application. In this study, CSS was added to agricultural soil and garden soil at 0%, 5%, 10%, and 25% (w/w soil), and 4 mL of TCS and CBZ stock solution (1000 mg/L in methanol) was spiked into soil amended with CSS of each bottle to arrive at the concentration of 10 mg/kg. Samples were then collected after incubation for 120 days and analyzed for concentrations and half-life (t1/2) of TCS and CBZ, and soil physicochemical properties, together with enzyme activities. The results showed that TCS was degraded completely during the incubation period. In contrast, only about 5.82–21.43% CBZ was degraded. CSS amendment inhibited TCS and CBZ degradation and prolonged t1/2 compared to the control, and the t1/2 of TCS and CBZ increased with CSS addition amount in all treatments except for CBZ in the garden soil amended with 10% CSS. Correlation studies showed a significantly positive relationship between t1/2 of TCS and CBZ and total organic carbon (TOC), while a significantly negative relationship between t1/2 of the two PPCPs and pH was observed. Alkaline phosphatase showed a significantly negative relationship with the Ct/C0 of TCS in garden soil amended with 25% CSS and CBZ in the control. The urease activity was negatively correlated with the Ct/C0 of TCS in 10% and 25% CSS treatments and CBZ in 10% CSS treatment for garden soil.

scholarly journals Adsorption Studies on Magnetic Nanoparticles Functionalized with Silver to Remove Nitrates from Waters

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 1757
Author(s):  
Yesica Vicente-Martínez ◽  
Manuel Caravaca ◽  
Antonio Soto-Meca ◽  
Miguel Ángel Martín-Pereira ◽  
María del Carmen García-Onsurbe
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Adsorption Efficiency ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Dependent Behavior ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Interference Studies

This paper presents a novel procedure for the treatment of contaminated water with high concentrations of nitrates, which are considered as one of the main causes of the eutrophication phenomena. For this purpose, magnetic nanoparticles functionalized with silver (Fe3O4@AgNPs) were synthesized and used as an adsorbent of nitrates. Experimental conditions, including the pH, adsorbent and adsorbate dose, temperature and contact time, were analyzed to obtain the highest adsorption efficiency for different concentration of nitrates in water. A maximum removal efficiency of 100% was reached for 2, 5, 10 and 50 mg/L of nitrate at pH = 5, room temperature, and 50, 100, 250 and 500 µL of Fe3O4@AgNPs, respectively. The characterization of the adsorbent, before and after adsorption, was performed by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Nitrates can be desorbed, and the adsorbent can be reused using 500 µL of NaOH solution 0.01 M, remaining unchanged for the first three cycles, and exhibiting 90% adsorption efficiency after three regenerations. A deep study on equilibrium isotherms reveals a pH-dependent behavior, characterized by Langmuir and Freundlich models at pH = 5 and pH = 1, respectively. Thermodynamic studies were consistent with physicochemical adsorption for all experiments but showed a change from endothermic to exothermic behavior as the temperature increases. Interference studies of other ions commonly present in water were carried out, enabling this procedure as very selective for nitrate ions. In addition, the method was applied to real samples of seawater, showing its ability to eliminate the total nitrate content in eutrophized waters.

Experimental Study on Influences of Wave Height on Liquefaction Depth of Silty Soil Bed

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yueqian Yu ◽  
Guohui Xu ◽  
Xin Wang ◽  
Huixin Liu ◽  
Qingpeng Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Wave Height ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Empirical Relationship ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Yellow River Delta ◽  
River Delta ◽  
The Yellow River ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
The Yellow River Delta ◽  
Silty Soil

Storm waves tend to cause seabed liquefaction by exerting strong cyclic loads on the seabed of the Yellow River Delta. In order to study influences of different wave heights on liquefaction depth of the soil bed, silty soil taken from the Yellow River Delta is used to prepare a soil bed for flume experiments and local parts of superficial soil layer were disturbed by hand. The weakened soil tended to liquefy and slide under wave actions and the liquefaction depth increased with the increasing of wave height. Based on the experimental results, an empirical relationship was proposed between liquefaction depth of silty soil bed and wave height under experimental conditions.

Assessment of Environmental Quality of Soil Fertilized Grapefruit Trees with Municipal Sewage Sludge

2013 ◽  
Vol 671-674 ◽  
pp. 2736-2741
Author(s):  
Yin An Ming ◽  
Tao Tao
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Municipal Sewage Sludge ◽  
Limiting Factor

To reuse municipal sewage sludge safely, experiment was carried out on grapefruit trees fertilized with composted sludge from Shiweitou Sewage Treatment Plant in Xiamen City of China, and a method was introduced of how to assess the environmental quality of grapefruit trees soil fertilized with sludge by Set Pair Analysis (SPA) model. The results showed that the soil in the surface layer (0-15cm) and the deeper layer (15-30cm) was less clean, and the environment of soil was not polluted. Thus it was feasible to use sludge as fruit fertilizer. The maximum service life of sludge for continuous land application was estimated by taking Cd as the limiting factor, which would provide scientific guide and technical support for safe land application of sludge.

scholarly journals Land application of sewage sludge: A soil columns study

Water SA ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
G Gascó ◽  
MC Lobo ◽  
F Guerrero
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Soil Columns
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