Biological wastewater treatment for removal of polymeric resins in UASB reactor: influence of oxygen

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (7) ◽  
pp. 1047-1052 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Durán ◽  
O. Monroy ◽  
J. Gómez ◽  
F. Ramírez
Keyword(s):  
Acrylic Acid ◽  
Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Cod Removal Efficiency ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
Polymeric Resins

The biological elimination of polymeric resins compounds (PRC) such as acrylic acid and their esters, vinyl acetate and styrene under methanogenic and oxygen-limited methanogenesis conditions was evaluated. Two UASB reactors (A and B) were used and the removal of the organic matter was studied in four stages. Reactor A was used as methanogenic control during the study. Initially both reactors were operated under methanogenic conditions. From the second stage reactor B was fed with 0.6 and 1 mg/L·d of oxygen (O2). Reactor A had diminution in chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency from 75±4% to 37±5%, by the increase of PRC loading rate from 750 to 1125 mg COD/L·d. In this reactor there was no styrene elimination. In reactor B the COD removal efficiency was between 73±5% and 80±2%, even with the addition of O2 and increase of the PRC loading rate, owing to oxygen being used in the partial oxidation of these compounds. In this reactor the yields were modified from 0.56 to 0.40 for CH4 and from 0.31 to 0.60 for CO2. The O2 in low concentrations increased 40.7% the consumption rates of acrylic acid, methyl acrylate and vinyl acetate, allowing styrene consumption with a rate of 0.103 g/L·d. Batch cultures demonstrated that under methanogenic and oxygen-limited methanogenesis conditions, the glucose was not used as an electron acceptor in the elimination of PRC.

Anaerobic degradation of carbon capture reclaimer MEA waste

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (11) ◽  
pp. 2549-2559 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Wang ◽  
J. Hovland ◽  
R. Bakke
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Methane Yield ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Cod Removal Efficiency

The anaerobic biodegradation of reclaimer MEA (monoethanolamine) waste (MEAw) with easily degradable co-substrates was investigated in a laboratory-scale bioreactor at room temperature during a 160 d experimental run. The reactor that was constructed with three phases to facilitate attached biofilm and suspended biomass retention for degradation of the complex and challenging MEAw performed well. A feed strategy of step-wise increasing organic loading rate (OLR) by either increasing feed MEAw concentration or the hydraulic loading rate was applied. The system performance was evaluated by chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency, methane yield, MEA removal, and the accumulation of ammonia and volatile fatty acid (VFA). The total COD removal efficiency initially was 93% when the feed was mainly easily degradable co-substrate. The total removal dropped to 75% at the end when MEAw constituted 60% of the feed COD. Ion chromatography results show that the MEA and some unidentified feed chemicals were almost completely consumed. The main products of MEAw degradation were ammonia, VFAs and biogas. The ammonia nitrogen concentration reached about 2.0 g/L, which may explain the observed inhibition of acetoclastic methanogenesis leading to acetate accumulation. Methane accounted for up to 80% of the biogas generated. The highest methane yield was 0.34 L/g-COD while the yield was 0.16 L/g-COD at the highest load. This study shows that more than 80% reclaimer MEAw COD degradation with a co-substrate can be maintained in a hybrid anaerobic bioreactor operated in a wide loading range.

UASB-reactor in the fruit juice industry

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 407-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ute Austermann-Haun ◽  
Carl Franz Seyfried ◽  
Karl-Heinz Rosenwinkel
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Fruit Juice ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Cod Removal Efficiency ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Volumetric Loading

This paper presents experiences with a full scale UASB-reactor in a fruit juice factory. The focus is on demonstrating that a UASB-reactor is as suitable for campaign industries running only 2 months a year with higher concentrated wastewater as well as for the time outside the campaign when the wastewater concentrations are very low (average COD 1000 mg/l). A number of operating results and recommendations are given, resulting from the experiences in order to show solutions for handling these very different situations. Examples of recommendations are: discontinuous feeding 8 hours a day outside the campaign, removal of pellet sludge at the end of the campaign. These frame conditions provided a COD removal efficiency in the UASB-reactor consistently above 80% throughout the year. Furthermore, it is shown that the anaerobic pre-treatment of industrial wastewater is the cheapest way in regard to the running expenses. Another point of research was the co-fermentation of the kieselguhre-sludge-mixture. Although only 10% of the load was based on this substrate at a volumetric loading rate of 3 kg COD/(m3 · d), there was a quick drop in pH to a level of 3.5 and the pellet structure of the biomass got lost.

COD removal efficiency and mechanism of HMBR in high volumetric loading for ship domestic sewage treatment

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (7) ◽  
pp. 1509-1517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linan Zhu ◽  
Hailing He ◽  
Chunli Wang
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Sewage ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Aeration Tank ◽  
Remarkable Effect ◽  
Cod Removal Efficiency ◽  
Volumetric Loading

The hybrid membrane bioreactor (HMBR) has been applied in ship domestic sewage treatment under high volumetric loading for ship space saving. The mechanism and influence factors on the efficiency, including hydraulic retention time (HRT), dissolved oxygen (DO) of chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal were investigated. The HMBR's average COD removal rate was up to 95.13% on volumetric loading of 2.4 kgCOD/(m3•d) and the COD concentration in the effluent was 48.5 mg/L, far below the International Maritime Organization (IMO) discharge standard of 125 mg/L. DO had a more remarkable effect on the COD removal efficiency than HRT. In addition, HMBR revealed an excellent capability of resisting organics loading impact. Within the range of volumetric loading of 0.72 to 4.8 kg COD/(m3•d), the effluent COD concentration satisfied the discharge requirement of IMO. It was found that the organics degradation in the aeration tank followed the first-order reaction, with obtained kinetic parameters of vmax (2.79 d−1) and Ks (395 mg/L). The original finding of this study had shown the effectiveness of HMBR in organic contaminant degradation at high substrate concentration, which can be used as guidance in the full scale of the design, operation and maintenance of ship domestic sewage treatment devices.

Performance of horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland in the removal of tanninsA paper submitted to the Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science.

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 496-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.N. Njau ◽  
M. Renalda
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Control Cell ◽  
Subsurface Flow ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Outlet Concentration ◽  
Cod Removal Efficiency ◽  
Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland ◽  
Horizontal Subsurface Flow

A horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland (HSSFCW) was employed to remove tannins from the effluent of a tannins extracting company. Two HSSFCW cells with hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 9 d and packed with limestone were used. One cell without macrophytes was used as a control, while the second cell was planted with Phragmites mauritianus . Results indicated that HSSFCW was capable of treating tannin wastewater that has been seeded with primary facultative pond sludge. Tannins and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency of 95.9% and 90.6% with outlet concentration of 27 mg/L and 86 mg/L, respectively, were obtained in the planted cell; while the tannins and COD removal efficiency of 91.1% and 89.5% with outlet concentration of 57 mg/L and 96 mg/L, respectively, were obtained in the control cell.

Study on Granulation of Anaerobic Sludge in UASB Reactor Adding Cationic Polymer Treating Low Strength Wastewater at Room Temperature

2011 ◽  
Vol 71-78 ◽  
pp. 2974-2977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zong Lian She ◽  
Jian Wu ◽  
Xiao Hui Fu ◽  
En Shi ◽  
Bao Shi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Control Experiment ◽  
Cationic Polymer ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Cod Removal Efficiency ◽  
Low Strength ◽  
To Receive

Effect of cationic polymer on granulation and COD removal efficiency in lab scale UASB reactors was examined, treating low-strength wastewater (COD 300-500mg l-1) at room temperature. It was shown that cationic polymer was more effective for enhancing sludge granulation and COD removal efficiency as compared to the control experiment (without additives). After day 166 of operation, the amount of granules size above 0.5mm accounted for 32.1% of total sludge, higher than that of control experiment (19.3%). At 1.03 kg COD m-3 d-1 of OLR and 9.8 h of HRT, the effluent VFA had a maximum value of 168mg l-1 and 240mg l-1 in Reactor A and B respectively. The polymer-amended reactor took 36days to receive 1.44 kg COD m-3 d-1 of OLR at the 7.8 h of HRT, shorter than the control reactor (54days). The two reactors obtained above 80% in COD removal efficiency. It is shown that UASB reactor can also achieve higher COD removal treating low strength wastewater at room temperature.

Removal efficiency and methanogenic activity profiles in a pilot-scale UASB reactor treating settled sewage at moderate temperatures

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
pp. 243-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Seghezzo ◽  
R.G. Guerra ◽  
S.M. González ◽  
A.P. Trupiano ◽  
M.E. Figueroa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Methanogenic Activity

The performance of a sewage treatment system consisting of a settler followed by an Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Bed (UASB) reactor is described. Mean ambient and sewage temperature were 16.5 and 21.6°C, respectively. Total Chemical Oxygen Demand (CODt) concentration averaged 224.2 and 152.6 mg/L, for raw and settled sewage, respectively. The effluent concentration was 68.5 mgCODt/L. Total and suspended COD removal efficiencies of approximately 70 and 80%, respectively, have been observed in the system at a mean Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) of 2 + 5 h. Maximum COD removal efficiency was achieved in the UASB reactor when upflow velocity (Vup) was 0.43 m/h (HRT = 6 h). Mean Specific Methanogenic Activity (SMA) and Volatile Suspended Solids (VSS) concentration in the granular sludge bed were 0.11 gCOD-CH4/gVSS.d and 30.0 gVSS/Lsludge, respectively. SMA was inversely related to VSS concentration, and both parameters varied along the sludge bed height. The Solids Retention Time (SRT) in the reactor was 450 days. Sludge characteristics have not been affected by changes of up to one month in Vup in the range 0.28–0.85 m/h (HRT 3–9 h). This system or two UASB reactors in series could be an alternative for sewage treatment under moderate temperature conditions.

Effect of trace metals on the anaerobic degradation of volatile fatty acids in molasses stillage

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (12) ◽  
pp. 121-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Espinosa ◽  
L. Rosas ◽  
K. Ilangovan ◽  
A. Noyola
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Methanogenic Activity ◽  
Cod Removal Efficiency

A laboratory UASB reactor was fed with cane molasses stillage at organic loadings from 5 to 21.5 kg COD/m3 d. With an organic load of 17.4 kg COD/m3 d, an accumulation of VFA, principally propionic acid, was observed due to little bioavailability or lack of trace metals (Fe, Ni, Co and Mo). Associated to this, the performance of the UASB reactor was low (44% COD removal efficiency), with an alkalinity ratio above 0.4. The addition of Fe (100 mg/l), Ni (15 mg/l), Co (10 mg/l) and Mo (0.2 mg/l) to the influent reduced significantly the level of propionic acid (5291mg/l to 251 mg/l) and acetic acid (1100 mg/l to 158 mg/l). The COD removal efficiency increased from 44% to 58%, the biogas production from 10.7 to 14.8 l/d (NTP) and 0.085 to 0.32 g CH4-COD/g SSV d for specific sludge methanogenic activity with propionic acid as substrate. These improved results were obtained with high COD (68.9 g/l) and organic load (21.5 kg COD/m3 d).

Study on Treatment of Blood from Abattoir using Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) Technology with Production of Green Energy

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 135-140
Author(s):  
Sanju Sreedharan
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cells ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Animal Blood ◽  
Cod Removal Efficiency

Zero energy technologies and sustainable energy production are the two major concerns of present day researches. Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are bioreactors that extract chemical energy stored in organic compounds, into electric potential, through bio-degradation. The core reason for the high strength of effluent generated from slaughterhouses is animal blood. The current study evaluates the potential of MFC technology to reduce the pollution strength of cattle blood in terms of chemical oxygen demand (COD). The current study was piloted in three stages using lab scale two chambered MFC: The first stage was to determine the best oxidising agent as compared to natural aeration from three accessible options, KMnO4, diffused aeration and tape grass aquatic plant. KMnO4 was found to be the superlative with a 30% reduction in COD in 100 hrs batch reactor and a maximum power of 0.97 mW using 125 mL livestock blood. The second stage of the study optimised the concentration of KMnO4. At 500 mg/L KMnO4 concentration, 50% COD removal efficiency was acquired in a batch reactor of 60 hrs with an average energy output of 1.3 mW. In the final stage on the addition of coconut shell activated carbon with an Anolyte at a rate of 40 mL/125 mL of substrate COD removal efficiency increased to 74.9%.

Phenol degradation in horizontal-flow anaerobic immobilized biomass (HAIB) reactor under mesophilic conditions

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 167-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M.L. Bolaños ◽  
M. B.A. Varesche ◽  
M. Zaiat ◽  
E. Foresti
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Phenol Degradation ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Horizontal Flow ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Cod Removal Efficiency ◽  
Immobilized Biomass ◽  
Potential Use

A bench-scale horizontal-flow anaerobic immobilized biomass (HAIB) reactor was assayed aiming to verify its potential use for phenol degradation. The HAIB reactor consisted of a bore-silicate tube (100 cm long; 5.04 cm diameter) filled with polyurethane foam matrices containing immobilized anaerobic sludge. Before being subjected to phenol, the reactor was fed with synthetic substrate at the influent chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 1,028 mg.l−1 achieving 98% of COD removal efficiency. Thereafter, phenol as the sole carbon source was added under step-increasing concentrations from 50 to 1,200 mg.l−1. Phenol degradation was evaluated by gas chromatographic analysis of influent and effluent samples. Process monitoring included determinations of pH, volatile acids, alkalinity and COD. The HAIB reactor was operated at a constant hydraulic detention time (HDT) of 12 hours. After 33 days with 50 mg/l of phenol in the influent, the reactor achieved 98% of COD removal efficiency. Successful phenol degradation (efficiency removal of 99%) occurred for influent concentrations of 100, 300, 600, 900 and 1,200 mg.l−1 after 148, 58, 47, 29 and 7 days, respectively. The predominance of Methanosaeta-like, rods and methanogenic cocci could be observed in all the operating conditions, besides the presence of phenol oxidizing microorganisms as irregular rods. The results indicate that phenol degradation at very high rates can be accomplished in HAIB reactors containing acclimatized biomass.

Thermophilic Anaerobic Treatment of Sulfate-Rich Pulp and Paper Integrate Process Water

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 149-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Rintala ◽  
J. L. Sanz Martin ◽  
G. Lettinga
Keyword(s):  
Sulfate Reduction ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Process Water ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Cod Removal Efficiency ◽  
Uasb Reactors

Anaerobic treatment of sulfate - rich (COD/SO4 ratio 1.4-2.1) clarified Whitewater from a thermomechanical pulping (TMP) process was studied in three laboratory-scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors at 55°C and in batch digesters at 55° and 65°C. Different seed materials were used in the UASB reactors. The highest COD removal efficiency (effluent sulfide stripped) achieved was approximately 65 % in the UASB reactors. About 55 % COD removal efficiency was obtained at a loading rate of about 41 kgCODm−3d−1 in the UASB reactor seeded with thermophilic sludge cultivated with volatile fatty acids (VFAs). The total sulfide present in the liquid phase after anaerobic treatment accounted for approximately 65-78 % and 15-61 % of the removed COD in the batch digesters and the UASB reactors, respectively. Sulfate reduction was almost complete in the batch digesters, whereas about 24-64 % of sulfate was reduced in the UASB reactors. Acetate utilization for sulfate reduction was apparent in the batch digesters, whereas that could not be demonstrated in the UASB reactors. Sulfate reduction in the UASB reactors was obviously substrate limited. In conclusion, thermophilic anaerobic treatment is an alternative for the treatment of warm sulfate rich TMP process water.

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