Calculation methods to perform mass balance of endocrine disrupting compounds in a submerged membrane bioreactor: fate and distribution of estrogens during the biological treatment

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (11) ◽  
pp. 2158-2168 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. B. Estrada-Arriaga ◽  
P. Mijaylova
Keyword(s):  
Mass Balance ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Compounds ◽  
Distribution Coefficients ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Submerged Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Adsorption Processes

The purpose of this paper is to report the study of the fate and distribution of three endocrine disrupting compounds (estrogens); Estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) in a laboratory scale submerged membrane bioreactor (SMBR). For this matter, both aqueous and solids phases were analyzed for the presence of E1, E2 and EE2. The outcome of this study was that three SMBRs showed enhanced elimination of estrogens in different operational conditions; the estrogen removal was close to 100% in SMBR. Additionally, E1, E2 and EE2 were detected in SMBR sludge at concentrations of up to 41.2, 37.3 and 36.9 ng g−1 dry weight, respectively. The estrogen removal in the SMBRs was directly influenced by a combination of simultaneous biodegradation–adsorption processes, indicating that the main removal mechanism of the estrogens in the SMBRs is the biodegradation process. The E1, E2 and EE2 were biologically degraded in the SMBR (87–100%). The sorption of estrogens onto activated sludge was from 2%. Therefore, a high potential for estrogen removal by biodegradation in the SMBR was observed, allowing less estrogen concentration in the dissolved phase available for the adsorption of these compounds onto biological flocs. Two different methods were carried out for mass balance calculations of estrogens in SMBR. For the first method, the measured data was used in both liquid and solid phases, whereas for the second one, it was in aqueous phase and solid–water distribution coefficients (Kd) value of E1, E2 and EE2. The purpose of these methodologies is to make easier the identification of the main mechanisms involved in the removal of E1, E2 and EE2 in a SMBR. Both methods can be applied in order to determine the mechanism, fate and distribution of estrogens in a SMBR.

Removal of endocrine disrupting compounds using a membrane bioreactor and disinfection

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
A J Spring ◽  
D M Bagley ◽  
R C Andrews ◽  
S Lemanik ◽  
P Yang
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Compounds ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting

Fate and transport of endocrine-disrupting compounds (oestrone and 17β-oestradiol) in a membranebio-reactor used for water re-use

2006 ◽  
Vol 53 (9) ◽  
pp. 123-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seojin Chang ◽  
Namjung Jang ◽  
Younghyun Yeo ◽  
In S. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Fate And Transport ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Compounds ◽  
Hollow Fibre ◽  
Incomplete Removal ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Micro Pollutants

Oestrogens have been detected in the effluents of sewage treatment plants (STPs) in several countries, as well as in surface water. This occurrence is fundamentally attributed to the excretion of oestrogen from humans and mammalian bodies, and the incomplete removal of these compounds from wastewater treatment plants. These micro-pollutants are causing great concern when it comes to water re-use. There is a lack information on endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) such as oestrogen in water re-use systems, e.g. a membrane bioreactor (MBR). It is clear that there is a strong need for “EDCs in MBR for water re-use”. This study examined an E1 and E2 biodegradation batch test by an activated sludge and hollow fibre membrane filtration test with and without a bio-cake. E2 was effectively removed, even in high initial concentrations (1,000 ppb). E2 was oxidised into E1, and E1 had a lower adsorption rate than E2. The membrane with the bio-cake provided better removal than the virgin membrane.

Mass balance analysis of triclosan, diethyltoluamide, crotamiton and carbamazepine in sewage treatment plants

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (7) ◽  
pp. 1739-1747 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Nakada ◽  
M. Yasojima ◽  
Y. Okayasu ◽  
K. Komori ◽  
Y. Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Mass Balance ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Distribution Coefficients ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Return Flow ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Techniques ◽  
Water Soluble Drugs

The behavior of antibacterial triclosan, insect-repellent diethyltoluamide (DEET), anticonvulsant carbamazepine, and antipruritic crotamiton was investigated at two sewage treatment plants (STPs) to clarify their complete mass balance. Twenty-four-hour flow-proportional composite samples were collected from the influent and effluent of primary and final sedimentation tanks, a biofiltration tank and disinfection tanks. Sludge samples (i.e., activated and excess sludge) and samples of the return flow from the sludge treatment process were collected in the same manner. The analytes in both the dissolved and particulate phases were individually determined by a gas chromatograph equipped with mass spectrometer. Triclosan was dominantly detected in the particulate phase especially in the early stage of treatment (up to 83%) and was efficiently removed (over 90%) in STPs, mainly by sorption to sewage sludge. Limited removal was observed for DEET (55±24%), while no significant removal was demonstrated for crotamiton or carbamazepine. The solid-water distribution coefficients (Kd, n=4) for triclosan (log Kd: 3.7–5.1), DEET (1.3–1.9) and crotamiton (1.1–1.6) in the sludge samples are also determined in this study. These findings indicate the limitations of current sewage treatment techniques for the removal of these water-soluble drugs (i.e. DEET, carbamazepine, and crotamiton).

Removal of endocrine disrupting chemicals in a large scale membrane bioreactor plant combined with anaerobic-anoxic-oxic process for municipal wastewater reclamation

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (7) ◽  
pp. 1511-1518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunying Wu ◽  
Wenchao Xue ◽  
Haidong Zhou ◽  
Xia Huang ◽  
Xianghua Wen
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Estrogenic Activity ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Compounds ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation ◽  
Kd Values ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting

The removal of eight typical endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) in a full scale membrane bioreactor combined with anaerobic-anoxic-oxic process (A2/O-MBR) for municipal wastewater reclamation located in Beijing was investigated. These EDCs, including 4-octylphenol (4-OP), 4-n-nonylphenol (4-n-NP), bisphenol A (BPA), estrone (E1), 17α-estradiol (17α-E2), 17β-estradiol (17β-E2), estriol (E3) and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), were simultaneously analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry after derivatization. The concentrations of eight EDCs were also measured in sludge of anaerobic, anoxic, oxic and membrane tanks to measure sludge-water distribution coefficients (Kd values) as the indicator of adsorption propensity of target compound to sludge. The removal efficiencies of EDCs reached above 97%, except for 4-n-NP removal efficiency of 72%, 4-OP removal efficiency of 75% and EE2 removal efficiency of 87% in the A2/O-MBR process. The high Kd values indicated that the sludge had a large adsorption capacity for these EDCs, and significantly contributed to removal of EDCs. Yeast estrogen screen assay was performed on samples to assess the total estrogenic activity by measuring the 17β-E2 equivalent quantity (EEQ), expressed in ng-EEQ/L. The measured EEQ value was markedly reduced from 72.1 ng-EEQ/L in the influent to 4.9 ng-EEQ/L in the effluent. Anoxic tank and anaerobic tank contributed to 80% and 37% in total EEQ removal, respectively.

Pilot-scale anaerobic submerged membrane bioreactor (AnSMBR) treating municipal wastewater: the fouling phenomenon and long-term operation

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (9) ◽  
pp. 1804-1811 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Martinez-Sosa ◽  
B. Helmreich ◽  
T. Netter ◽  
S. Paris ◽  
F. Bischof ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Biomass Concentration ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Transmembrane Pressure ◽  
Cleaning Efficiency ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Submerged Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
The Stability

An anaerobic submerged membrane bioreactor (AnSMBR) on pilot-scale treating a mixture composed of municipal wastewater and glucose under mesophilic temperature conditions was operated for 206 days. The performance of the AnSMBR was evaluated at different fluxes, biomass concentrations and gas sparging velocities (GSV). GSV was used to control fouling. In addition, the AnSMBR was operated in cycles that included relaxation and backwashing phases. The increase in the transmembrane pressure (fouling rate) was measured under different operational conditions and was used to evaluate the stability of the process. The fouling rate could be controlled for a long period of time at a flux of 7 l m−2 h−1 with a GSV of 62 m/h and an average biomass concentration of 14.8 g TSS/L. The membrane was physically cleaned after 156 days of operation. The cleaning efficiency was almost 100% indicating that no irreversible fouling was developed inside the pores of the membrane. The COD removal efficiency was close to 90%. As in anaerobic processes, nutrients were not exposed to degradation and almost no pathogens were found in the effluent, hence the effluent could be used for irrigation in agriculture.

Adsorption of EDCs/PPCPs from drinking water by submicron-sized powdered activated carbon

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 711-718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Wang ◽  
G. Y. Rao ◽  
J. Y. Hu
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Compounds ◽  
Langmuir Equation ◽  
Powdered Activated Carbon ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Adsorption Processes ◽  
Pseudo Second Order

For the purpose of enhancing the adsorption of Endocrine Disrupting Compounds (EDCs) and Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products (PPCPs) from drinking water, commercially available powdered activated carbon (PAC, 40 μm) was further ground to produce submicron-sized powdered activated carbon (SPAC, 0.72 μm). Compared with PAC, the surface area and total pore volume of SPAC were improved. Kinetics data showed that the adsorption of EDCs/PPCPs by SPAC was faster than that by PAC. The adsorption processes of two target EDCs/PPCPs on both SPAC and PAC could be fitted by the pseudo-second order kinetics model. The Langmuir equation described the adsorption isotherm well and the maximum adsorption capacity of SPAC for bisphenol A and carbamazepine could be calculated as 320.54 and 133.33 μg/mg respectively.

Fate of Endocrine Disrupting Compounds in Membrane Bioreactor Systems

2007 ◽  
Vol 41 (11) ◽  
pp. 4097-4102 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Y. Hu ◽  
X. Chen ◽  
G. Tao ◽  
K. Kekred
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Compounds ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting
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