Accuracy of different sensors for the estimation of pollutant concentrations (total suspended solids, total and dissolved chemical oxygen demand) in wastewater and stormwater

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 462-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathieu Lepot ◽  
Jean-Baptiste Aubin ◽  
Jean-Luc Bertrand-Krajewski
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Pollutant Concentrations ◽  
Uv Visible ◽  
Wet Weather

Many field investigations have used continuous sensors (turbidimeters and/or ultraviolet (UV)-visible spectrophotometers) to estimate with a short time step pollutant concentrations in sewer systems. Few, if any, publications compare the performance of various sensors for the same set of samples. Different surrogate sensors (turbidity sensors, UV-visible spectrophotometer, pH meter, conductivity meter and microwave sensor) were tested to link concentrations of total suspended solids (TSS), total and dissolved chemical oxygen demand (COD), and sensors' outputs. In the combined sewer at the inlet of a wastewater treatment plant, 94 samples were collected during dry weather, 44 samples were collected during wet weather, and 165 samples were collected under both dry and wet weather conditions. From these samples, triplicate standard laboratory analyses were performed and corresponding sensors outputs were recorded. Two outlier detection methods were developed, based, respectively, on the Mahalanobis and Euclidean distances. Several hundred regression models were tested, and the best ones (according to the root mean square error criterion) are presented in order of decreasing performance. No sensor appears as the best one for all three investigated pollutants.

scholarly journals Wastewater treatment in flow photobioreactors continuous illuminated by artificial and solar light

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. e183963748
Author(s):  
Rafael Souza Leopoldino Nascimento ◽  
Ludymyla Marcelle Lima Silva ◽  
Lucas Periard ◽  
Anibal da Fonseca Santiago
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Operational Stability ◽  
Artificial Light ◽  
Light Emitting

The technology of microalgae photobioreactors and illuminated by LEDs has been widely studied for the treatment of wastewater. However, sunlight is a free resource and should be taken advantage of. But the question remains whether photobioreactors illuminated by natural (sunlight) light in combination with artificial light can have greater operational stability or greater performance when compared to systems illuminated only by artificial light. In this context, continuous flow photobioreactors illuminated by Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) combined, or not, with sunlight were operated and had their performance evaluated. The variables analyzed were pH, OD, chemical oxygen demand (COD), chlorophyll - a and total suspended solids. The photobioreactors were effective for removing organic matter, with 75 ± 15% in the photobioreactor illuminated by LED and 65 ± 10% in the photobioreactor illuminated by sunlight and LED. The results showed that the use of combined lighting favors the production of dissolved oxygen and ensures greater operational stability in the removal of carbonaceous organic matter.

scholarly journals The Efficiency and Reliability of Pollutant Removal in a Hybrid Constructed Wetland with Common Reed, Manna Grass, and Virginia Mallow

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Marzec ◽  
Krzysztof Jóźwiakowski ◽  
Anna Dębska ◽  
Magdalena Gizińska-Górna ◽  
Aneta Pytka-Woszczyło ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Common Reed ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Limit Values

In this paper, the pollutant removal efficiency and the reliability of a vertical and horizontal flow hybrid constructed wetland (CW) planted with common reed, manna grass, and Virginia mallow were analyzed. The wastewater treatment plant, located in south-eastern Poland, treated domestic sewage at an average flow rate of 2.5 m3/d. The tests were carried out during five years of its operation (2014–2018). The following parameters were measured: biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus. The results showed that more than 95% of BOD5, COD, and total phosphorus was removed in the tested CW system. The average effectiveness of removal of total suspended solids and total nitrogen exceeded 86%. A reliability analysis performed using the Weibull probability model showed that the removal reliability in the tested CW was very high for BOD5, COD, total suspended solids, and total phosphorus (100%). The probability that the total nitrogen concentration in the treated effluents would reach the limit value (30 mg/L) established for effluents discharged from a treatment plant of less than 2000 PE (population equivalent) to standing waters was 94%. The values of all the pollution indicators in wastewater discharged to the receiver were significantly lower than the limit values required in Poland. The investigated hybrid CW system with common reed, manna grass, and Virginia mallow guaranteed stable low values of BOD5, COD, total suspended solids, and total phosphorus in the treated wastewater, which meant it was highly likely to be positively evaluated in case of an inspection.

scholarly journals Effluent Quality of Wet Process Coffee Processing Factories in Coffee Growing Ecological Zones in Burundi

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bisekwa E ◽  
Njogu PM ◽  
Kufa-Obso T
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Biochemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Processing Technology ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Wet Process ◽  
Wastewater Samples ◽  
Field And Laboratory Conditions

Arabica coffee is cultivated by smallholders for commercial purposes, and it is commonly processed using wet Coffee Processing Technology. Burundi has more than 250 Coffee Processing factories which discharge their effluents to water bodies. The goal of this study was to determine the levels of physicochemical parameters in wastewater from Coffee Processing Technology factories in major coffee growing ecological zones in Burundi. Wastewater samples were collected from 19 sites representing private, public and cooperative owned coffee processing stations. Physicochemical analyses were determined in-situ field and laboratory conditions using standard procedures. Results indicate that the wastewater does not meet Burundi Effluent Discharge standards for Total Suspended solids, Chemical Oxygen Demand, Biochemical Oxygen Demand, pH. The data revealed that the wet coffee processing pollutes the environment in terms of pH, Total Suspended solids, Chemical Oxygen Demand, Biochemical Oxygen Demand. There is need to install quality polishing technologies to treat the water before disposal.

scholarly journals Improving energy efficiency of electrochemical blackwater disinfection through sequential reduction of suspended solids and chemical oxygen demand

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian T. Hawkins ◽  
Tate W. Rogers ◽  
Christopher J. Davey ◽  
Mikayla H. Stoner ◽  
Ewan J. McAdam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Electrochemical Treatment ◽  
Pathogen Inactivation ◽  
Industry Standards ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Sequential Reduction

Onsite reuse of blackwater requires removal of considerable amounts of suspended solids and organic material in addition to inactivation of pathogens. Previously, we showed that electrochemical treatment could be used for effective pathogen inactivation in blackwater, but was inadequate to remove solids and organics to emerging industry standards. Further, we found that as solids and organics accumulate with repeated recycling, electrochemical treatment becomes less energetically sustainable. Here, we describe a pilot study in which concentrated blackwater is pretreated with ultrafiltration and granular activated carbon prior to electrochemical disinfection, and show that this combination of treatments removes 75-99% of chemical oxygen demand, 92-100% of total suspended solids, and improves the energy efficiency of electrochemical blackwater treatment by an order of magnitude.

CSO treatment strategy based on constituent index relationships in a highly urbanised catchment

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (12) ◽  
pp. 85-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Piro ◽  
M. Carbone ◽  
G. Garofalo ◽  
J. Sansalone
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Treatment Effectiveness ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Biological Unit ◽  
Unit Operations ◽  
Physical Unit ◽  
Combined Sewer ◽  
Hydrologic Controls ◽  
Wet Weather

In urbanising catchments the variability of particulate matter (solids) and oxygen demanding constituents of wet weather and dry weather characteristics result in variable treatment effectiveness from physical unit operations and biological unit processes. Higher organic concentrations during dry weather flow are more amenable to biological unit processes while the higher inorganic loads generated largely by urban wet weather constituents and much larger flows can be more effectively treated or conditioned by physical unit operations, including ideally preceded by hydrologic controls. This study examines the relationships between total chemical oxygen demand (COD)t, dissolved chemical oxygen demand (COD)d, particulate chemical oxygen demand (COD)p and solids, measured as total suspended solids (TSS). Results also provide an index for selection and optimisation of treatment operations for combined sewer overflow (CSO) loads.

Evaluation of the performance of the Tyson Foods wastewater treatment plant for nitrogen removal

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (11) ◽  
pp. 159-166
Author(s):  
E. Ubay-Cokgor ◽  
C.W. Randall ◽  
D. Orhon
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Biological Oxygen Demand ◽  
Average Flow Rate ◽  
Before And After

In this paper, the performance of the Tyson Foods wastewater treatment plant with an average flow rate of 6500 m3/d was evaluated before and after upgrading of the treatment system for nitrogen removal. This study was also covered with an additional recommendation of BIOWINTM BNR program simulation after the modification period to achieve an additional nutrient removal. The results clearly show that the upgrading was very successful for improved nitrogen removal, with a 57% decrease on the total nitrogen discharge. There also were slight reductions in the discharged loads of biological oxygen demand, total suspended solids, ammonium and total phosphorus with denitrification, even though the effluent flow was higher during operation of the nitrogen removal configuration.

scholarly journals The efficiency of the sand filtration unit mixed with different packing materials in drain water treatment in Egypt

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled Abd el naser I. Ibrahim ◽  
Tarek Ismail M. Sabry ◽  
Ahmed S. El-Gendy ◽  
Sayed I. A. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Drain Water ◽  
Sand Filter ◽  
Filtration Unit

AbstractIn an attempt to improve the quality of the agricultural drain in Egypt for its reuse again in the irrigation, low-cost solution such as sand filter along with/without other filtration media has been used in this research. As a result of that, pilot plant of sand filter mixed with other filtration media was tested for its ability to improve the sand performance in removing the suspended solids and organic matters from agricultural drain water of the Belbeis drain (in Sharkia governorate in Egypt). Sand only, sand mixed with sponge, sand mixed with activated carbon and sand mixed with ceramic cylinders have been tested to find the best media combination and optimum mixing sand/ medium ratio and optimum infiltration rate. The work has been done on four runs. It was found that sand mixed with ceramic cylinders gave the best removal efficiency with respect to total chemical oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand for solution which were 77, 74%, respectively, whereas sand mixed with sponge had the best removal efficiency with respect to total suspended solids which was 89%. Also, all tested media combination had effluent quality that complied with Egyptian law 48 for the year 1982 regarding the disposal of wastewater into agricultural drains (chemical oxygen demand ≤ 80 mg/l, total suspended solids ≤ 50 mg/l).

scholarly journals Phytoremediation of landfill leachate using Ipomoea aquatica and Pistia stratiotes

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (3(SI)) ◽  
pp. 775-781
Author(s):  
M.M. Hanafiah ◽  
◽  
N.I.H.A. Aziz ◽  
A.A. Halim ◽  
L.S. Shamdin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Landfill Leachate ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Pistia Stratiotes ◽  
Ipomoea Aquatica ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Significant Difference

Aim: In this study, Ipomoea aquatica and Pistia stratiotes were used to remove total suspended solids, chemical oxygen demand and ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3-N) from the landfill leachate collected at Ampar Tenang Closed Landfill (ATCL) site in Dengkil, Selangor, Malaysia. Methodology: The physico-chemical characteristics of landfill leachate (pH, temperature, NH3-N, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, total dissolved solids, total suspended solids, salinity, electrical conductivity and nitrite as well as selected heavy metals were determined before phytoremediation treatment. Results: The physico-chemical properties of leachate samples were found to be lower as compared to the standards set by the government, except for COD (>100 mg l-1). Heavy metals content, Na, Mg and Fe was high in leachate. It was found that the concentrations of NH3-N, COD and TSS in leachate decreased by 57.64%, 26.85% and 62.05% after treatment with Ipomea aquatica, respectively. Whereas, 61%, 32% and 74.7% removal rate was observed for NH3-N, COD and TSS, post-treatment by Pistia stratiotes. One-way ANOVA analysis for Ipomoea aquatica revealed insignificant difference (p>0.05) but for Pistia stratiotes there was a significant difference (p<0.05) in the reduction of TSS, COD and NH3-N concentrations. Interpretation: Based on the findings, Pistia stratiotes was found more effective than Ipomea aquatica for reducing TSS, COD and NH3-N concentrations from landfill leachate.

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