Manufacturing ceramic bricks with polyaluminum chloride (PAC) sludge from a water treatment plant

2015 ◽  
Vol 71 (11) ◽  
pp. 1638-1645 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. da Silva ◽  
D. M. Morita ◽  
A. C. M. Lima ◽  
L. Girard Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Real World ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
The State ◽  
Polyaluminum Chloride ◽  
Real World Applications

The objective of this research work is to assess the viability of manufacturing ceramic bricks with sludge from a water treatment plant (WTP) for use in real-world applications. Sludge was collected from settling tanks at the Bolonha WTP, which is located in Belém, capital of the state of Pará, Brazil. After dewatering in drainage beds, sludge was added to the clay at a local brickworks at different mass percentages (7.6, 9.0, 11.7, 13.9 and 23.5%). Laboratory tests were performed on the bricks to assess their resistance to compression, water absorption, dimensions and visual aspects. Percentages of 7.6, 9.0, 11.7 and 13.9% (w/w) of WTP sludge presented good results in terms of resistance, which indicates that technically, ceramic bricks can be produced by incorporating up to 13.9% of WTP sludge.

Up-flow roughing filtration: rehabilitation of a water treatment plant in Tarata, Bolivia

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
pp. 105-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana María Ingallinella ◽  
Luis María Stecca ◽  
Martin Wegelin
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Horizontal Flow ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Sand Filters ◽  
Chemical Products ◽  
Made In

This paper presents the methodology used for the rehabilitation of the pretreatment stage in a water treatment plant for a village located in Bolivia which has 3500 inhabitants. The treatment plant was initially composed by horizontal-flow roughing filters and slow sand filters, but due to the high contents of colloidal turbidity of the providing source, it did not work properly. A plan of rehabilitation was made which comprised laboratory tests, pilot tests and proposal of modifications based on the results of previous stages. The laboratory tests were made in order to find the optimum conditions to coagulate the raw water. It was found that horizontal-flow roughing filters must be turned into up-flow roughing filters, so a pilot plant was built and was operated for three months in order to find suitable design parameters. The results obtained obtained during the operation of the pilot plant and the proposal of modifications are presented. The results of operation of the final plant, which are also reported, demonstrated the advantages of the up-flow roughing filtration as a pretreatment stage when it is necessary to add chemical products in small treatment plants.

Long-term studies on hybrid ceramic microfiltration for treatment of surface water containing high dissolved organic matter

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 246-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Abeynayaka ◽  
C. Visvanathan ◽  
S. Khandarith ◽  
T. Hashimoto ◽  
H. Katayama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Transmembrane Pressure ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Polyaluminum Chloride ◽  
Filtration Cycle

This long-term pilot-scale study on the performance of ceramic microfiltration (CMF) was conducted at the Bangkhen water treatment plant (BWTP), with the raw water from Chaophraya River, Thailand. Raw water turbidity and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) were varied in the ranges of 20–210 NTU and 3.0–8.5 mg/L respectively. The hybrid pilot-scale CMF (Pilot-CMF) operational parameters were optimized with the aid of jar-tests and laboratory-scale CMF (Lab-CMF) operations. The systems were operated with various polyaluminum chloride dosages and filtration cycle times. Pilot-CMF provided excellent steady turbidity removal compared to the conventional water treatment process. DOC removal percentages of Pilot-CMF and the conventional process at the BWTP were 49% and 30% respectively. With different coagulant dosages, unique patterns in transmembrane pressure (TMP) variations were observed. The daily TMP increment under low turbidity conditions was 0.08 kPa/day. During rainy periods (turbidity over 100 NTU) the TMP increment reached 0.79 kPa/day. However, once the turbidity of raw water reaches normal conditions (30–60 NTU at the BWTP) the Pilot-CMF system recovers the TMP increment due to efficient backwashing.

Reuse of water treatment plant sludge and dam sediment in brick-making

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (10) ◽  
pp. 273-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Huang ◽  
J.R. Pan ◽  
K.-D. Sun ◽  
C.-T. Liaw
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Satisfactory Result ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
Water Treatment Plant Sludge

In this study, an attempt was made to use water treatment plant (WTP) sludge and dam sediment as raw materials for brick-making through the sintering process. The sinter of dam sediment fired at 1,050°C had a less than 15% ratio water absorption, and its compressive strength and bulk density met the Chinese National Standard (CNS) for first level brick. The WTP sludge sinter made under the same operating condition exhibited higher water absorption, larger shrinkage, but poorer compressive strength. When fired at 1,100°C, the shrinkage of the WTP sludge sinter was as high as 45%, although its compressive strength and water absorption of WTP sludge brick still met the standard for the first level brick. To reuse WTP sludge in an economical way, mixtures of various proportions of WTP sludge to dam sediment are used as raw materials. A satisfactory result was achieved when the ratio of the WTP sludge was less than 20% of the mixture. Results of tests indicated that the sinter of dam sediments which are fired at a temperature of 1000~1100°C has reached the requirement for tile brick.

PROPERTIES AND PERFORMANCE OF WATER TREATMENT SLUDGE (WTS)-CLAY BRICKS

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (32) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Asri Md Nor ◽  
Alia Syafiqah Abdul Hamed ◽  
Faisal Hj Ali ◽  
Ong Keat Khim
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Sludge ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Clay Bricks ◽  
Firing Shrinkage ◽  
And Performance

Every year, large quantity of water treatment sludge (WTS) is produced from water treatment plant in Malaysia. Sanitary landfill disposal of sludge at authorized sites is the common practice in Malaysia. However, searching the suitable site for landfill is the major problem as the amount of sludge produced keeps on increasing. Reuse of the sludge could be an alternative to disposal. This study investigated the reusability of WTS as brick making material. The performance of clay-WTS bricks produced by mixing clay with different percentages of WTS with increments of 20% from 0% up to 100% was investigated. Each molded brick with optimum moisture content was pressed under constant pressure, oven-dried at 100˚C for 24 hours followed by heating at 600˚C for 2 hours and 1000˚C for 3 hours. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis were used to characterize clay, WTS and clay-WTS bricks.  The performance of the bricks were evaluated with firing shrinkage, loss on ignition (LOI), water absorption, bulk density, and compressive strength tests. Increasing the sludge content results in a decrease of brick firing shrinkage, and increase of water absorption and compressive strength. The results revealed that the brick with 100% by weight of sludge could generate the highest compressive strength of 17.123N/mm2. It can be concluded that the bricks with 20 to 100% of water treatment sludge comply with the Malaysian Standard MS7.6:1972, which can fulfill the general requirement for usage of clay bricks in wall construction.

Effect of pH and Temperature on Coagulation Efficiency in a North-China Water Treatment Plant

2011 ◽  
Vol 243-249 ◽  
pp. 4835-4838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Di Guan ◽  
Zhen Zhang ◽  
Xing Li ◽  
Hui Liu
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
North China ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Optimum Dose ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Turbidity Removal ◽  
Polyaluminum Chloride ◽  
Ph Range

This research focused on the effect of water temperature and pH to coagulation efficiencies in low turbidity water. And the optimum dose of coagulant was determined. Simulated the treatment processing, the organic matters and turbidity removal capacities of polyaluminum chloride (PACl) were measured in parameters of turbidity, CODMn and UV254 with different experimental conditions. The results indicated that the PACl optimum doses were 28mg/L. By increasing water temperatures in the range of 4°C～18°C, the turbidity removal efficiency was gradually enhanced, while the organic loading removal performed few correlations to temperatures. And the effective pH range was 6.0~9.0, that appeared greater influence on turbidity removal than organic loadings.

Study of the chitosan performance in conjunction with polyaluminum chloride in removing turbidity from Ahvaz water treatment plant

2015 ◽  
Vol 57 (43) ◽  
pp. 20332-20339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naghmeh Orooji ◽  
Afshin Takdastan ◽  
Azadeh Eslami ◽  
Ali Kargari ◽  
Gholamreza Raeesi
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Polyaluminum Chloride

Floc agglomeration and structuration by a specific talc mineral composition

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 57-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bidault ◽  
F. Clauss ◽  
D. Helaine ◽  
C. Balavoine
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Waste Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Aeration Tank ◽  
Flocculation Efficiency

The quality of the effluent from a waste water treatment plant using the activated sludge process depends upon the bacteria flocculation efficiency. Intensive research work has been devoted to understanding flocculation phenomena and to correct disorders. The addition of very fine but dense talc particles to the aeration tank immediately improves floc formation and densifies the new flocs created. In the longer term, the fine talc particles improve floc structuration and form stable and strong flocs. This has been demonstrated by running a modified activated sludge through the high shear strength of pumps and hydrocyclones. These fine talc particles offer a solution to solve floc settleability problems which so frequently arise when biological disorders appear in waste water treatment plants. Two practical cases are presented.

Effect of Sludge from Water Treatment Plant on Properties of Pottery

2014 ◽  
Vol 979 ◽  
pp. 94-97
Author(s):  
Sutas Janbuala ◽  
Wittawat Ratanathavorn ◽  
Mana Aermbua ◽  
Arpapan Satayavibul ◽  
Udomsak Kitthawee
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plants ◽  
Plant Yields

This research aims to study the effect of sludge from water treatment plants on the properties of pottery such as density, compressive strength, water absorption, and porosity.The composition of sludge from water treatment plants added to the clay varies, at percentages of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%, controlled by weight. The results showed that the composition of 10% by weight of sludge from the water treatment plant yields the ultimate pottery properties, with 12.63 MPa of compressive strength, 1.85 g/cm3 of density, 14.24% of water absorption, and 26.34% of porosity.

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