Effect of magnesium dose on amount of pharmaceuticals in struvite recovered from urine

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (7) ◽  
pp. 1102-1110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patiya Kemacheevakul ◽  
Surawut Chuangchote ◽  
Sosuke Otani ◽  
Tomonari Matsuda ◽  
Yoshihisa Shimizu
Keyword(s):  
Human Urine ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Recovery Efficiency ◽  
P Recovery ◽  
Struvite Precipitation

Phosphorus (P) recovery was carried out through struvite precipitation from urines. Human urine, however, contains not only high nutrients for plants, such as P and nitrogen, but also pharmaceuticals and hormones. In this work, effects of magnesium (Mg) dose (in terms of Mg:P ratio) on P recovery efficiency and pharmaceutical amounts contained in struvite were investigated. Batch-scale experiments of synthetic and human urines revealed that struvite precipitation formed more X-shaped crystals with an increased molar ratio of Mg:P, while the amount of pharmaceuticals (tetracycline, demeclocycline, and oxytetracycline) in struvite decreased with an increased molar ratio of Mg:P. The lowest pharmaceutical amounts in struvite were found at the Mg:P ratio of 2:1 from both samples. Moreover, the maximum P recovery efficiency, quantity and purity of struvite were found in the range of 1.21 to 2:1. It indicated that the molar ratio of Mg:P has a significant impact on struvite precipitation in terms of pharmaceutical amounts in struvite; morphology, quantity and purity of struvite; and P recovery.

scholarly journals Assessment of K-Struvite Precipitation as a Means of Nutrient Recovery From Source Separated Human Urine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Işık Kabdaşlı ◽  
Sezen Kuşçuoğlu ◽  
Olcay Tünay ◽  
Alessio Siciliano
Keyword(s):  
Human Urine ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Ammonia Removal ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Recovery Efficiency ◽  
Struvite Precipitation ◽  
Reaction Stoichiometry ◽  
Performance Results ◽  
The Impact

The impact of nutrients on the environment, particularly on water bodies, has led to extensive studies for nutrient control. Within this context, studies have been focused on source separation of human urine from domestic wastewater to recover nutrients. Potassium is one of the most important components of human urine. However, data on potassium removal or recovery are quite limited except for some indirect information through use of zeolites for mostly ammonia removal. Potassium struvite or K-struvite (MgKPO4·6H2O) is a sparingly soluble salt belonging to struvite and has the potential of being used as a means of potassium and phosphate recovery from segregated human urine. This study aimed to assess the potential of K-struvite precipitation for control and recovery of nutrients. Within this context, K-struvite precipitation experiments were performed on both synthetically prepared samples and synthetic human urine solution to determine effect of operation parameters i.e. pH, stoichiometry, and temperature on potassium recovery performance. Results indicated that process performance as well as type of solid phases co-precipitated with K-struvite were closely related to initial potassium concentration, pH and reaction stoichiometry. At pH 10, the potassium recovery efficiency was maximized up to 87% by application of 100% excess dose of Mg and P for both synthetic samples and synthetic human urine solution. On the other hand, application of excess dose of K did not provide any improvement in K recovery efficiency. The effect of temperature on solubility of K-struvite was insignificant at the temperature of 24-90°C. Solid phase analyses confirmed that K-struvite was co-precipitated with either Mg3(PO4)2, MgNaPO4·7H2O, or MgHPO4·7H2O depending on pH and stoichiometry instead of a pure compound.

Nitrogen and Phosphorus Recovery from Human Urine by Struvite Precipitation and Air Stripping in Vietnam

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 1099-1104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Antonini ◽  
Stefania Paris ◽  
Thomas Eichert ◽  
Joachim Clemens
Keyword(s):  
Human Urine ◽  
Phosphorus Recovery ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Air Stripping ◽  
Struvite Precipitation

Hydroxylysine Glycosides in Human Urine

1971 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 782-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjorie F Lou ◽  
Paul B Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Human Urine ◽  
Bone Collagen ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Collagen Turnover ◽  
Surgical Fusion ◽  
Cation Exchange Column ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Effluent Stream ◽  
Pass Through

Abstract Hydroxylysyl-galactosyl-glucose (HGG) and hydroxylysyl-galactose (HG) were isolated from normal human urine and shown to be identical with hydroxylysine glycosides (OHLG's) whose structure had been elucidated in other laboratories. We devised a procedure for separating the OHLG's from many other urinary constituents by preliminary fractionation on a column of Sephadex. The OHLG's in the fractions so obtained were then isolated, uncontaminated with other ninhydrin-positive components, in a single pass through an analytical cation-exchange column equipped for splitting the effluent stream. In addition, a procedure was devised for determining as little as 10-9 mol of the OHLG's in 100 µl of filtrate (corresponding to 83.3 µl, of urine) on standard ion-exchange chromatographic amino acid analyzers. In normal adult urine, 1.5, µmol of each glycoside was present per 100 mg of creatinine; the molar ratio of HHG to HG was about 1.1 to 1.2. Each was present in plasma in about 400- to 500-fold smaller concentration than in urine. After surgical fusion of the spine, excretion of OHLG's increased and the ratio of HGG to HG decreased, changes we interpreted as indicating a more rapid bone-collagen turnover consequent to surgical damage.

scholarly journals Struvite Precipitation for Sustainable Recovery of Nitrogen and Phosphorus from Anaerobic Digestion Effluents of Swine Manure

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 8574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-Duck Ryu ◽  
Do Young Lim ◽  
Sun-Jung Kim ◽  
Un-Il Baek ◽  
Eu Gene Chung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Swine Manure ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
Struvite Precipitation ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Sustainable Recovery

In this study, we propose the application of struvite precipitation for the sustainable recovery of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) from anaerobic digestion (AD) effluents derived from swine manure. The optimal conditions for four major factors that affect the recovery of N and P were derived by conducting batch experiments on AD effluents obtained from four AD facilities. The optimal conditions were a pH of 10.0, NH4-N:Mg:PO4-P molar ratio of 1:1.4:1, mixing intensity of 240 s−1, and mixing duration of 2 min. Under these optimal conditions, the removal efficiencies of NH4-N and PO4-P were approximately 74% and 83%, respectively, whereas those of Cu and Zn were approximately 74% and 79%, respectively. Herein, a model for swine manure treatment that incorporates AD, struvite precipitation, and biological treatment processes is proposed. We applied this model to 85 public biological treatment facilities in South Korea and recovered 4722 and 51 tons/yr of NH4-N and PO4-P, respectively. The economic analysis of the proposed model’s performance predicts a lack of profitability due to the high cost of chemicals; however, this analysis does not consider the resulting protection of the hydrological environment. Field-scale studies should be conducted in future to prove the effectiveness of the model.

Model-based evaluation of struvite recovery from an in-line stripper in a BNR process (BCFS)

2006 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
X.-D. Hao ◽  
M.C.M. van Loosdrecht
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Phosphate Concentration ◽  
Phosphate Removal ◽  
Carbon Oxidation ◽  
P Efficiency ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
P Recovery ◽  
Struvite Precipitation ◽  
Removal And Recovery ◽  
P Removal

Phosphate removal and recovery can be combined in BNR processes. This may be realised by struvite precipitation from the supernatant of the sludge in anaerobic compartments. This can be beneficial for either improving bio-P removal effluent quality or lowering the influent COD/P ratio required for bio-P removal. For this reason, a patented BNR process, BCFS®, was developed and applied in The Netherlands. Several questions relating to P-recovery and behaviour of the system remain unclear and need to be ascertained. For this purpose, a modelling technique was employed in this study. With the help of a previous developed model describing carbon oxidation and nutrient removal, three cases were fully simulated. The simulations demonstrated that there was an optimal stripping flow rate and P-recovery would increase in costs and bio-P activity might be negatively affected due to decreased bio-P efficiency if this value was exceeded. The simulations indicated that the minimal CODbiod/P ratio required for the effluent standard (1 g P/m3) could be lowered from 20 to 10 with 36% of P-recovery. A simulation with dynamic inflow revealed that the dynamic influent loads affected slightly the anaerobic supernatant phosphate concentration but the effluent phosphate concentration would not be affected with regular P-recovery.

The Effect of Organic Compounds on the Recovery of Ammonium by Struvite Precipitation from Swine Anaerobic Digester Effluent

2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 2350-2355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Dan Liu ◽  
Zu Xin Xu ◽  
Wei Gang Wang ◽  
Wei Jin
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Swine Manure ◽  
Swine Wastewater ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Anaerobic Digester Effluent ◽  
Potassium Hydrogen ◽  
External Sources ◽  
Struvite Precipitation ◽  
Co Precipitation

Recovering nitrogen and phosphorus through struvite crystallization from swine wastewater has gained increasing interest. However, effluents of anaerobic digested swine wastewater contains other constituents including complex and hardly definited organic compounds, which may hinder the formation of struvite crystal and affect the purity of the precipitates by forming other insoluble minerals. Struvite precipitation was carried out at laboratory scale by adding magnesium chloride and potassium hydrogen as external sources of magnesium and phosphorus to equal Mg: N: P molar ratio, respectively, and regulating the pH at 9.5 in the absence and presence of organic compounds. Exceeded 70% phosphate and ammonium reduction were obtained. The recovered products were detected and analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and chemical methods, which were proved to be struvite crystals. The soluble organic compounds had less than 6% changes in amount during struvite precipitation and it was proved that the removal of TCOD during the precipitation of struvite may be attributed to the co-precipitation of struvite. The results indicate that struvite precipitation could be a viable method of ammonium removal in the presence of organic compounds from anaerobically digested swine manure.

scholarly journals Simulations and Laboratory Tests for Assessing Phosphorus Recovery Efficiency from Sewage Sludge

Resources ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saba Daneshgar ◽  
Armando Buttafava ◽  
Arianna Callegari ◽  
Andrea Capodaglio
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Chemical Precipitation ◽  
Environmental Pollutant ◽  
Phosphorus Recovery ◽  
Main Process ◽  
Recovery Efficiency ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Current Water ◽  
Struvite Precipitation

Phosphorus is a potential environmental pollutant, which could lead to the eutrophication of water bodies. For this reason, wastewater treatment plants worldwide are often designed and operated to eliminate phosphorous from effluents, at substantial cost. At the same time, phosphorus is an essential nutrient for agriculture and, consequently, human life. Data seem to suggest that the world will run out of phosphorus by around 2300, in the best case scenario, although even shorter estimates exist. This situation evokes the need for more efficient phosphorus recovery technologies, in order to meet current water quality requirements and—at the same time—critical future phosphorous needs. Chemical precipitation is the main process for achieving a phosphorus-containing mineral suitable for reuse as a fertilizer, where Struvite is an example of such a product. In this study chemical equilibrium of struvite precipitation was simulated using US Geological Survey (USGS)’ PHREEQC model, and results were compared to laboratory precipitation tests to evaluate struvite recovery efficiency under various conditions. pH had the most significant effect on the results and P recovery of >90% was achieved at pH = 9.5. Simulations indicated that struvite precipitation is affected by the presence of Amorphous Calcium Phosphate (ACP) and calcite in the final product of the process. The model showed great potential for predicting equilibrium conditions, and could be very helpful for future optimization of the process.

scholarly journals Agronomic and P recovery efficiency of organomineral phosphate fertilizer from poultry litter in sandy and clayey soils

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (9) ◽  
pp. 786-793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerusa Maia e Sá ◽  
Cláudia Pozzi Jantalia ◽  
Paulo César Teixeira ◽  
José Carlos Polidoro ◽  
Vinícius de Melo Benites ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizer ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Recovery Efficiency ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
P Recovery ◽  
Four Levels

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate agronomic and P recovery efficiencies of a granulated organomineral phosphate fertilizer (OMF) produced from poultry litter, compared with those of monoammonium phosphate (MAP), in soils with different textures. The experiment followed a 2x2x4+2 factorial arrangement, with two Oxisols (sandy loam and clay loam textures), two sources of P (OMF and MAP), four levels of P (50, 100, 200, and 400 mg kg-1), besides two control treatments without P application. The treatments were evaluated in 10-kg pots filled with soil, during four successive cultivations of corn without replacing the P absorbed by the plants, in order to evaluate the actual and residual effects of the fertilizers. Available P contents in the soil were higher with the MAP fertilizer in the sandy loam soil, with no significant differences between fertilizers in the clay loam soil. OMF had a greater immediate effect and promoted a higher dry matter yield in the first cultivation; however, the residual effects of the fertilizers did not differ in the other cultivations. P accumulation by plants was not affected by the fertilizer used. OMF had higher agronomic efficiency, but P recovery efficiency did not differ significantly between fertilizers. OMF performance indicates good potential use of poultry litter as fertilizer, in organomineral formulations.

Study of the recovery of phosphorus from struvite precipitation in supernatant line from anaerobic digesters of sludge

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (7) ◽  
pp. 1546-1551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciano Dias Xavier ◽  
Magali Christe Cammarota ◽  
Lídia Yokoyama ◽  
Isaac Volschan
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Stoichiometric Ratio ◽  
Anaerobic Digesters ◽  
Benefit Ratio ◽  
Renewable Source ◽  
Ammonium Removal ◽  
Cost Benefit Ratio ◽  
Struvite Precipitation

The goal of this work was to study the effective recovery of phosphorus from the supernatant of anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge by precipitation as struvite. The formation of struvite is envisioned as a promising process for nutrient removal and subsequent recovery, thus providing a strong incentive for its implementation, since the sewage is a renewable source of phosphorus. Struvite precipitation was obtained by controlled addition of Mg(OH)2 or MgCl2. We evaluated the removal of ammonia and phosphate under equimolar conditions of magnesium and magnesium stoichiometric excess of 100 to 200% relative to the limiting reagent, under a stirring speed of 300 rpm at pH 8, 9 and 10. The best condition was MgCl2 in 1:1 molar ratio to phosphate, considering the stoichiometric ratio [PO43−]:[NH4+] of 0.13 (presented by raw sample). The results show the best cost-benefit ratio, removal of phosphate of 90.6% and ammonium removal of 29%, resulting in 23 mg l−1 PO43− and 265 mg l−1 NH4+ concentration in effluent.

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