Comprehensive review on wastewater discharged from the coal-related industries – characteristics and treatment strategies

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (11) ◽  
pp. 2023-2035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deblina Maiti ◽  
Iqbal Ansari ◽  
Mohd Ashraf Rather ◽  
Arukula Deepa
Keyword(s):  
Mine Water ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Control Release ◽  
Coke Oven ◽  
Organic Substrates ◽  
Treatment Techniques ◽  
Acidic Mine Water ◽  
Coal Washery ◽  
Parent Coal ◽  
And Control

Abstract Wastewaters discharged from various coal-related activities deteriorate fresh water quality and inflict possibilities of groundwater contamination. Their characteristics mostly depend on the parent coal properties, though some of the pollutants are cyanide, thiocyanate, ammonia, phenol, heavy metals and suspended solids. This paper has reviewed the treatment techniques along with the characteristics of all such kinds of wastewater and also identified the challenges and future perspectives. Primarily, demineralization of coal can attenuate and control release of pollutants in wastewaters if implemented successfully. Mine water from non-lignite mines can be purified using simple techniques, for its reutilization. Acidic mine water and leachates can be treated using passive bioreactors with microbial activity, different organic substrates and limestone drains. Additionally bio-electrochemical systems, membranes, macrocapsules, zeolite filters, ores, physical barriers, and aquatic plants can also be used at various stages. Coal washery wastewater can be treated using natural coagulants obtained from plant extracts along with conventional coagulants. Nitrification and denitrification bacteria fixed in reactors along with activated carbon and zero-valent iron can treat coke oven wastewater. Some other sophisticated techniques are vacuum distillation, super critical oxidation, nanofiltration and reverse osmosis. Practical use of these methods, wisely in an integrated way, can reduce freshwater consumption.

TRANSPORT AND FATE OF METALS IN EXTREMELY ACIDIC MINE WATER AT IRON MOUNTAIN MINE, CALIFORNIA, AND DOWNSTREAM ENVIRONMENTS

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles N. Alpers ◽  
◽  
Kate M. Campbell ◽  
D. Kirk Nordstrom ◽  
Thomas P. Chapin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mine Water ◽  
Acidic Mine Water

scholarly journals The Meniscus in Normal and Osteoarthritic Tissues: Facing the Structure Property Challenges and Current Treatment Trends

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 495-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline A. Murphy ◽  
Atul K. Garg ◽  
Joana Silva-Correia ◽  
Rui L. Reis ◽  
Joaquim M. Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Biological Function ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Meniscal Repair ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Structure Property ◽  
Biological Structure ◽  
Treatment Techniques ◽  
Treatment Trends ◽  
Meniscus Injuries

The treatment of meniscus injuries has recently been facing a paradigm shift toward the field of tissue engineering, with the aim of regenerating damaged and diseased menisci as opposed to current treatment techniques. This review focuses on the structure and mechanics associated with the meniscus. The meniscus is defined in terms of its biological structure and composition. Biomechanics of the meniscus are discussed in detail, as an understanding of the mechanics is fundamental for the development of new meniscal treatment strategies. Key meniscal characteristics such as biological function, damage (tears), and disease are critically analyzed. The latest technologies behind meniscal repair and regeneration are assessed.

scholarly journals Literature Review of the Implications of Exercise Rehabilitation Strategies for SARS Patients on the Recovery of COVID-19 Patients

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 590
Author(s):  
Wei Cui ◽  
Ting Ouyang ◽  
Ye Qiu ◽  
Di Cui
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
Clinical Indicators ◽  
Exercise Rehabilitation ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Epidemic Period ◽  
Local Risk ◽  
And Control ◽  
Rehabilitation Strategies

As a global pandemic, COVID-19 shows no sign of letting up. With the control of the epidemic in China, the proportion of patients with severe and critical diseases being cured and discharged from hospital has increased, and the recovery of COVID-19 patients has become an important issue that urgently needs attention and solutions. By summarizing the exercise rehabilitation strategies and progress of SARS in 2003, this paper analyzed the differences in clinical indicators and recovery characteristics of severe pneumonia caused by the two viruses, and provided comprehensive exercise guidance and intervention strategies for COVID-19 patients for rehabilitation and nursing by referring to the problems and treatment strategies in the rehabilitation and nursing work of SARS. In the post-epidemic period, China will build a multi-dimensional epidemic prevention system by improving the effectiveness of mass training and strengthening local risk prevention and control. This paper discusses the exercise rehabilitation strategy of SARS patients after recovery, which has guiding significance for exercise intervention and scientific fitness of COVID-19 patients after recovery during epidemic prevention period.

scholarly journals Long Chronic Total Occlusions: Revascularization Strategies

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (05) ◽  
pp. 469-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Sheeran ◽  
Luke Wilkins
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Arterial Disease ◽  
Treatment Algorithm ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Chronic Total Occlusions ◽  
Multiple Treatment ◽  
Treatment Techniques ◽  
Peripheral Arterial

AbstractThe treatment of chronic total occlusions (CTO) in patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a complex topic with multiple treatment techniques and treatment strategies. The interventionalist treating patients with PAD should have both a defined treatment algorithm and multiple techniques available for crossing these challenging lesions. This article will cover techniques for treating CTOs and provide an overview of current available evidence.

Characteristics, phase behavior and control release for copolymer–liposome with both pH and temperature sensitivities

2012 ◽  
Vol 395 ◽  
pp. 225-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenting Zhou ◽  
Xueqin An ◽  
Junzhi Wang ◽  
Weiguo Shen ◽  
Zhiyun Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Behavior ◽  
Control Release ◽  
And Control

scholarly journals MODERN TRENDS OF BASIC RESEARCH IN PATHOGENESIS OF PROGRESSIVE MYOPIA

2015 ◽  
Vol 69 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 44-49
Author(s):  
E. N. Iomdina ◽  
E. P. Tarutta
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Individual Treatment ◽  
Myopia Progression ◽  
Neural Processes ◽  
Treatment Plans ◽  
Progressive Myopia ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
And Control

The growing prevalence of progressive myopia and its disabling consequences explains the elaboration of reliable diagnostic markers and new treatment strategies based on the research results of molecular mechanisms underlying the development of the condition. The paper reviews recent basic pathogenetic research studies which have greatly broadened the awareness of the deep causes of progressive myopia associated with the activity of certain growth factors, local and systemic protein metabolism, and regulation of hormonal and neural processes. Practical clinical guidelines for new criteria of diagnosis and control of myopia are published as they could be useful while selecting individual treatment plans including indications to sclera-strengthening therapy and its evaluation. The results may be promising in the elaboration of systemic and local medications for the prevention of myopia progression, which should address the regulation of connective tissue disorders, hormonal shifts, and imbalanced autonomic nervous system. 

scholarly journals PENGARUH MUTILASI DAN ABLASI TERHADAP MOLTING KEPITING BAKAU (Scylla Serrata) SEBAGAI KEPITING LUNAK

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Khairiah Khairiah ◽  
Supriyono Eko Wardoyo ◽  
Pasril Wahid
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Scylla Serrata ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Ablation Technique ◽  
The Third ◽  
Treatment Techniques ◽  
Mangrove Crab ◽  
Dark Color ◽  
And Control

Effect of Mutilation and Ablation to Molting of Mangrove Crab (Scylla serrata) as Soft Crab          Soft crabs that are more expensive than regular crab, that having hard carapace, in nature and in culture are very difficult to find. This study aimed to get the soft crabs more easily controlled the number  of molting in culture, by the method of mutilation and ablation. Thus the supply in market will be able to meet existing demand. Four treatment techniques had been implemented namely mutilation, ablation, ablation + mutilation, and controls which each performed four replications. Complete Randomized Desaign (CRD) was used because the experiment was conducted in a fairly homogeneous patch of tambak pond. Experimental unit in the form of bamboo pen cages with the size of 2x1x1m filled with 20 crabs.  All experimental crabs were ready for molting (dark color) even with 40-90 g of varied sizes. The results showed that each week until the third week, the average number of crabs per unit experiment with techniques of mutilation was always having highest of molting number, respectively 1.00, 3.25, and 11.00 crabs and having the lowest mortality rate, respectively  0. 25, 1.75, and 1.25 crabs, compared with the ablation, mutilations + ablation technique, and control. Statistically  four treatments in molting, in week two and  three was significantly different , eventhough in mortality was not (α = 5%).Keywords : mangrove crab (Scilla serrata), soft crabs, mutilation, ablation ABSTRAK                Kepiting lunak yang  harganya lebih mahal dari kepiting biasa bercangkang keras, di alam maupun dalam budidaya sangat susah ditemukan.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan kepiting lunak yang lebih mudah terkontrol jumlahnya dalam budidaya, dengan metoda mutilasi dan ablasi.  Dengan demikian dalam  pasar ketersediaannya akan dapat memenuhi permintaan yang ada. Empat perlakuan telah dilaksanakan yaitu teknik mutilasi, ablasi, mutilasi+ablasi, dan kontrol dengan masing-masing dilakukan empat kali ulangan. Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) digunakan karena percobaan ini dilakukan di suatu petak tambak yang cukup homogen. Unit percobaan berupa keramba bambu tancap ukuran 2x1x1m yang diisi 20 kepiting yang semua kepiting dalam percobaan siap molting (warnanya gelap) meskipun dengan ukuran yang bervariatif 40-90 g. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa tiap minggu sampai pada minggu ke tiga  rata-rata jumlah kepiting per unit percobaan dengan teknik mutilasi selalu tertinggi terjadinya proses molting yaitu masing–masing 1,00; 3,25; dan 11,00 ekor dan mortalitasnya terendah yaitu 0,25; 1,75; dan 1,25 ekor dibanding dengan teknik ablasi, mutilasi+ablasi; dan kontrol.  Secara statistik ke empat perlakuan dalam molting pada minggu ke dua dan ke tiga berbeda nyata hasil terbaik ditunjukkan oleh perlakuan mutilasi, meskipun dalam mortalitas tidak  berbeda nyata (selang kepercayaan 95 %).Kata Kunci : Kepiting bakau (Scilla serrata), kepiting lunak, mutilasi, ablasi.

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