Literature Review of the Implications of Exercise Rehabilitation Strategies for SARS Patients on the Recovery of COVID-19 Patients

As a global pandemic, COVID-19 shows no sign of letting up. With the control of the epidemic in China, the proportion of patients with severe and critical diseases being cured and discharged from hospital has increased, and the recovery of COVID-19 patients has become an important issue that urgently needs attention and solutions. By summarizing the exercise rehabilitation strategies and progress of SARS in 2003, this paper analyzed the differences in clinical indicators and recovery characteristics of severe pneumonia caused by the two viruses, and provided comprehensive exercise guidance and intervention strategies for COVID-19 patients for rehabilitation and nursing by referring to the problems and treatment strategies in the rehabilitation and nursing work of SARS. In the post-epidemic period, China will build a multi-dimensional epidemic prevention system by improving the effectiveness of mass training and strengthening local risk prevention and control. This paper discusses the exercise rehabilitation strategy of SARS patients after recovery, which has guiding significance for exercise intervention and scientific fitness of COVID-19 patients after recovery during epidemic prevention period.

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COVID-19: Update on Pathogenesis and Treatment Strategies

Current Immunology Reviews ◽

10.2174/1573395516999201001154837 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Rakesh K. Chauhan ◽

Pramod K. Sharma ◽

Shikha Srivastava

Keyword(s):

Monoclonal Antibody ◽

Plasma Membrane ◽

Human Monoclonal Antibody ◽

Cardiac Injury ◽

Treatment Strategies ◽

Severe Pneumonia ◽

Ground Glass Opacity ◽

Golgi Membrane ◽

Virus Particles ◽

Global Pandemic

COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease) is the most contagious virus, which has been characterized as a global pandemic by WHO. The pathological cycle of COVID-19 virus can be specified as RNAaemia, severe pneumonia, along with the Ground-glass opacity (GGO), and acute cardiac injury. The S protein of Coronavirus has been reported to be involved in the entry of the virus into the host cell, which can be accomplished by direct membrane fusion between the virus and plasma membrane. In the endoplasmic reticulum or Golgi membrane, the newly formed enveloped glycoproteins are introduced. The spread of disease occurs due to contact and droplets unleashed by the vesicles holding the virus particles combined with the plasma membrane to the virus released by the host. The present manuscript describes the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and various treatment strategies that include drugs such as chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, an anti-malarial drug, antibodies: SARS-CoV-specific human monoclonal antibody CR3022 and plasma treatment facilitate the therapeutic effect.

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Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of COVID-19

Alternative Complementary & Integrative Medicine ◽

10.24966/acim-7562/100195 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Shunxiang Li ◽

Keyword(s):

Chinese Medicine ◽

Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽

Distress Syndrome ◽

Drug Research ◽

Virus Disease ◽

Treatment Strategies ◽

Multiple Organ ◽

Global Pandemic ◽

Prevention And Treatment ◽

And Control

Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 has become a global pandemic. COVID-19 can result in acute respiratory distress syndrome and multiple organ failure due to its strong infectivity and extensive spread, so it is urgent to prevent and control the epidemic. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has played a pivotal role in the early prophylaxis, clinical treatment and recovery of COVID-19. At present, the epidemic situation of COVID-19 in China has been controlled in stages, and most of the confirmed cases have obtained favourable results due to the interventional diagnosis and therapy of TCM. Given different individual conditions, different TCM treatment strategies have been provided, such as moistening dryness and storing fluid, dispelling heat and detoxification, aroma penetrating filth and releasing lung and reducing turbidity.. To provide some references to the treatment of COVID-19 and related diseases and to lay a certain foundation for subsequent new drug research, this paper generalized the application and potential mechanisms of TCM in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19.

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A Legionnaires’ Disease Cluster in a Private Building in Italy

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18136922 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (13) ◽

pp. 6922

Author(s):

Maria Luisa Ricci ◽

Maria Cristina Rota ◽

Maria Grazia Caporali ◽

Antonietta Girolamo ◽

Maria Scaturro

Keyword(s):

Severe Pneumonia ◽

Control Measures ◽

Health Concern ◽

Human Consumption ◽

Domestic Water ◽

Quality Of Water ◽

Legionnaires Disease ◽

Prevention And Control Measures ◽

Private Homes ◽

And Control

Legionnaires’ disease (LD) is a severe pneumonia caused by bacteria belonging to the genus Legionella. This is a major public health concern and infections are steadily increasing worldwide. Several sources of infection have been identified, but they have not always been linked to human isolates by molecular match. The well-known Legionella contamination of private homes has rarely been associated with the acquisition of the disease, although some patients never left their homes during the incubation period. This study demonstrated by genomic matching between clinical and environmental Legionella isolates that the source of an LD cluster was a private building. Monoclonal antibodies and sequence-based typing were used to type the isolates, and the results clearly demonstrated the molecular relationship between the strains highlighting the risk of contracting LD at home. To contain this risk, the new European directive on the quality of water intended for human consumption has introduced for the first time Legionella as a microbiological parameter to be investigated in domestic water systems. This should lead to a greater attention to prevention and control measures for domestic Legionella contamination and, consequently, to a possible reduction in community acquired LD cases.

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The effect of risk communication on preventive and protective Behaviours during the COVID-19 outbreak: mediating role of risk perception

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-020-10125-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Seyed Taghi Heydari ◽

Leila Zarei ◽

Ahmad Kalateh Sadati ◽

Najmeh Moradi ◽

Maryam Akbari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Perception ◽

Risk Communication ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Online Survey ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Mediating Role ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Global Pandemic ◽

And Control ◽

New Evidence

Abstract Background The COVID-19 outbreak is a global pandemic, during which the community preventive and protective behaviors play a crucial role in the containment and control of infection. This study was designed to contribute to the existing knowledge on how risk communication (RC) and risk perception (RP) affect protective and preventive behaviors (PPB) during the COVID-19 outbreak. Methods The required data were extracted from a national online survey of Iranian adults aged 15 and older during March 15–19, 2020 (n=3213). Data analysis was performed using structural equation modeling. Results The study findings reveal that RC has direct and indirect positive effects on PB. Furthermore, this study also provides new evidence indicating that RP mediates the relationship between RC and PB and there is a two-way relationship between RC and RP. These interactions may have impact on risk communication strategies which should be adopted during this pandemic. Conclusion The study findings have remarkable implications for informing future communications as well as interventions during this ongoing outbreak and subsequent national risk events.

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Analysis of Pneumonia Occurrence in Relation to Climate Change in Tanga, Tanzania

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18094731 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (9) ◽

pp. 4731

Author(s):

Samweli Faraja Miyayo ◽

Patrick Opiyo Owili ◽

Miriam Adoyo Muga ◽

Tang-Huang Lin

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Negative Binomial ◽

Health Management ◽

Severe Pneumonia ◽

Positive Association ◽

Negative Binomial Regression ◽

Health Management Information System ◽

Cold Temperatures ◽

Climate Indicators ◽

And Control

In 2018, 70% of global fatalities due to pneumonia occurred in about fifteen countries, with Tanzania being among the top eight countries contributing to these deaths. Environmental and individual factors contributing to these deaths may be multifaceted, but they have not yet been explored in Tanzania. Therefore, in this study, we explore the association between climate change and the occurrence of pneumonia in the Tanga Region, Tanzania. A time series study design was employed using meteorological and health data of the Tanga Region collected from January 2016 to December 2018 from the Tanzania Meteorological Authority and Health Management Information System, respectively. The generalized negative binomial regression technique was used to explore the associations between climate indicators (i.e., precipitation, humidity, and temperature) and the occurrence of pneumonia. There were trend differences in climate indicators and the occurrence of pneumonia between the Tanga and Handeni districts. We found a positive association between humidity and increased rates of non-severe pneumonia (incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 1.01; 95% CI: 1.01–1.02; p ≤ 0.05) and severe pneumonia (IRR = 1.02; 95% CI: 1.01–1.03; p ≤ 0.05). There was also a significant association between cold temperatures and the rate of severe pneumonia in Tanga (IRR = 1.21; 95% CI: 1.11–1.33; p ≤ 0.001). Other factors that were associated with pneumonia included age and district of residence. We found a positive relationship between humidity, temperature, and incidence of pneumonia in the Tanga Region. Policies focusing on prevention and control, as well as promotion strategies relating to climate change-related health effects should be developed and implemented.

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Hepatic steatosis: a risk factor for increased COVID-19 prevalence and severity—a computed tomography study

Egyptian Liver Journal ◽

10.1186/s43066-021-00131-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Asmaa Ali ◽

Mona Hasan ◽

Shaimaa Hamed ◽

Amir Elhamy

Keyword(s):

Hepatic Steatosis ◽

Severe Disease ◽

Severe Pneumonia ◽

Liver Disorder ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

World Population ◽

Positive Class ◽

The Mean ◽

And Control

Abstract Background Around 25% of the world population was affected by the metabolic-related fatty liver disorder. Hepatic steatosis is frequently observed in conjunction with hypertension, obesity comorbidities, and diabetes. We evaluate the hepatic steatosis frequency found in chest CT exams of COVID-19-positive cases compared to non-infected controls and evaluate the related increased prevalence and severity of COVID. Results Our research includes 355 subjects, 158 with positive PCR for COVID-19 (case group) and 197 with negative PCR and negative CT chest (control group). The mean age in the positive group was 50.6 ± 16 years, and in the control, it was 41.3 ± 16 years (p < 0.001). Our study consists of 321 men (90.5%) and 34 women (9.5%). The number of males in both cases and control groups was greater. In the case group, 93% men vs. 6.9% women, while in controls, 88.3% men vs.11.6% women, p < 0.001. CT revealed normal results in 55.5% of individuals (i.e., CORADs 1) and abnormal findings in 45.5% of participants (i.e., CORADs 2–5). In abnormal scan, CO-RADs 2 was 13.92%, while CO-RADs 3–4 were 20.89% of cases. CO-RADs 5 comprised 65.19% of all cases. Approximately 42.6% of cases had severe disease (CT score ≥ 20), all of them were CO-RADs 5. The PCR-positive class had a greater prevalence of hepatic steatosis than controls (28.5% vs.12.2%, p < 0.001). CO-RADs 2 represented 11.1%, CO-RADs 3–4 represented 15.6%, and CO-RADs 5 represented 73.3% in the hepatic steatosis cases. The mean hepatic attenuation value in the case group was 46.79 ± 12.68 and in the control group 53.34 ± 10.28 (p < 0.001). When comparing patients with a higher severity score (CT score ≥ 20) to those with non-severe pneumonia, it was discovered that hepatic steatosis is more prevalent (73.2% vs. 26.8%). Conclusions Steatosis was shown to be substantially more prevalent in COVID-19-positive individuals. There is a relation among metabolic syndrome, steatosis of the liver, and obesity, as well as the COVID-19 severity.

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Potential Distribution of Chagas Disease Vectors (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae) in Colombia, Based on Ecological Niche Modeling

Journal of Tropical Medicine ◽

10.1155/2016/1439090 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Gabriel Parra-Henao ◽

Laura C. Suárez-Escudero ◽

Sebastián González-Caro

Keyword(s):

Chagas Disease ◽

Sierra Nevada ◽

Geographic Distribution ◽

Ecological Niche ◽

Ecological Niche Modeling ◽

Climatic Factors ◽

Niche Modeling ◽

Triatomine Species ◽

Local Risk ◽

And Control

Ecological niche modeling of Triatominae bugs allow us to establish the local risk of transmission of the parasiteTrypanosoma cruzi,which causes Chagas disease.This information could help to guide health authority recommendations on infection monitoring, prevention, and control. In this study, we estimated the geographic distribution of triatomine species in Colombia and identified the relationship between landscape structure and climatic factors influencing their occurrence. A total of 2451 records of 4 triatomine species (Panstrongylus geniculatus,Rhodnius pallescens,R. prolixus, andTriatoma maculata) were analyzed.The variables that provided more information to explain the ecologic niche of these vectors were related to precipitation, altitude, and temperature. We found that the species with the broadest potential geographic distribution wereP. geniculatus,R. pallescens, andR. prolixus. In general, the models predicted the highest occurrence probability of these vectors in the eastern slope of the Eastern Cordillera, the southern region of the Magdalena valley, and the Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta.

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Behavioral interventions to benefit cognition (Intervenciones cognitivas para beneficiar la cognición)

Retos ◽

10.47197/retos.v0i27.34377 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 197-202

Author(s):

Jennifer L. Etnier ◽

Chia-Hao Shih ◽

Aaron Piepmeier

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Function ◽

Cognitive Decline ◽

Behavioral Interventions ◽

Animal Studies ◽

Exercise Intervention ◽

Treatment Strategies ◽

Future Research ◽

Dietary Interventions ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Age Related

With the growing population of older adults, the identification of treatment strategies to prevent or ameliorate age-related cognitive decline has been an important topic in recent years. After reviewing cross-sectional, longitudinal, and experimentally designed studies, as well as evidence from narrative and meta-analytic reviews, the authors concluded that behavioral approaches such as physical activity, cognitive training, and dietary interventions show promising results. In addition, given the likelihood that multiple underlying mechanisms support cognitive function, research is currently focusing on how to combine lifestyle factors into multi-component interventions to generate greater and more meaningful effects. Though evidence for these enhanced benefits exists from animal studies, few multi-component studies have been performed with humans. However, the findings from these studies are promising and a continued pursuit of multi-component behavioral interventions to benefit cognitive performance is warranted. Given the world’s aging population and accompanying age-related health issues such as cognitive decline and dementia, future research should focus on understanding the biological mechanisms responsible for these effects in order to allow for the development of behavioral lifestyle prescriptions to benefit cognitive performance.Keywords. aging, cognitive function, exercise intervention, oxidative stress, cognitive engagement.Resumen. Con la creciente población de adultos mayores, la identificación de las estrategias de tratamiento para prevenir o mejorar el deterioro cognitivo relacionado con la edad ha sido un tema importante en los últimos años. Después de revisar estudios con diseños transversales, longitudinales y experimentales, así como la evidencia de revisiones de literatura narrativa y meta-analítica, los autores concluyen que los enfoques conductuales como la actividad física, el entrenamiento cognitivo y las intervenciones dietéticas muestran resultados prometedores. Además, dada la probabilidad de que múltiples mecanismos subyacentes apoyan la función cognitiva, las investigaciones se enfocan actualmente en la manera de cómo combinar factores del estilo de vida en las intervenciones con múltiples componentes para generar efectos mayores y más significativos. Aunque existe evidencia de estos beneficios a partir de estudios en animales, se han realizado pocos estudios de componentes múltiples en humanos. Sin embargo, los resultados de estos estudios son prometedores y se garantiza un seguimiento continuo de las intervenciones conductuales de componentes múltiples para beneficiar el rendimiento cognitivo. Teniendo en cuenta el envejecimiento de la población mundial y los problemas de salud relacionados con la edad que la acompañan, tales como el deterioro cognitivo y la demencia, la investigación futura debería centrarse en la comprensión de los mecanismos biológicos responsables de estos efectos con el fin de permitir el desarrollo de las prescripciones de comportamiento de estilo de vida para beneficiar el rendimiento cognitivo.Palabras claves. envejecimiento, funcionamiento cognitivo, intervención con ejercicio, estrés oxidativo, participación cognitiva.

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MODERN TRENDS OF BASIC RESEARCH IN PATHOGENESIS OF PROGRESSIVE MYOPIA

Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences ◽

10.15690/vramn.v69.i3-4.994 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 69 (3-4) ◽

pp. 44-49

Author(s):

E. N. Iomdina ◽

E. P. Tarutta

Keyword(s):

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Treatment Strategies ◽

Basic Research ◽

Individual Treatment ◽

Myopia Progression ◽

Neural Processes ◽

Treatment Plans ◽

Progressive Myopia ◽

New Treatment ◽

And Control

The growing prevalence of progressive myopia and its disabling consequences explains the elaboration of reliable diagnostic markers and new treatment strategies based on the research results of molecular mechanisms underlying the development of the condition. The paper reviews recent basic pathogenetic research studies which have greatly broadened the awareness of the deep causes of progressive myopia associated with the activity of certain growth factors, local and systemic protein metabolism, and regulation of hormonal and neural processes. Practical clinical guidelines for new criteria of diagnosis and control of myopia are published as they could be useful while selecting individual treatment plans including indications to sclera-strengthening therapy and its evaluation. The results may be promising in the elaboration of systemic and local medications for the prevention of myopia progression, which should address the regulation of connective tissue disorders, hormonal shifts, and imbalanced autonomic nervous system.

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Decoding Clinical Biomarker Space of COVID-19: Exploring Matrix Factorization-based Feature Selection Methods

10.1101/2021.07.07.21259699 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Farshad Saberi-Movahed ◽

Mahyar Mohammadifard ◽

Adel Mehrpooya ◽

Mohammad Rezaei-Ravari ◽

Kamal Berahmand ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Feature Selection ◽

Poor Prognosis ◽

Clinical Decision Making ◽

Unmet Need ◽

Clinical Decision ◽

Clinical Indicators ◽

Arterial Blood Gas ◽

Clinical Biomarkers ◽

Arterial Blood ◽

Global Pandemic

One of the most critical challenges in managing complex diseases like COVID-19 is to establish an intelligent triage system that can optimize the clinical decision-making at the time of a global pandemic. The clinical presentation and patients' characteristics are usually utilized to identify those patients who need more critical care. However, the clinical evidence shows an unmet need to determine more accurate and optimal clinical biomarkers to triage patients under a condition like the COVID-19 crisis. Here we have presented a machine learning approach to find a group of clinical indicators from the blood tests of a set of COVID-19 patients that are predictive of poor prognosis and morbidity. Our approach consists of two interconnected schemes: Feature Selection and Prognosis Classification. The former is based on different Ma- trix Factorization (MF)-based methods, and the latter is performed using Random Forest algorithm. Our model reveals that Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) O2 Saturation and C-Reactive Protein (CRP) are the most important clinical biomarkers determining the poor prognosis in these patients. Our approach paves the path of building quantitative and optimized clinical management systems for COVID-19 and similar diseases.

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