scholarly journals Reuse of ammonium sulfate double salt crystals formed during electrolytic manganese production

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 615-626
Author(s):  
Shaobo Zhang ◽  
Sanfan Wang ◽  
Qianqian Zhang ◽  
Yanhong Li ◽  
Yue Xing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Magnesium Carbonate ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Double Salt ◽  
Electrolytic Production ◽  
Double Membrane ◽  
Electrolytic Manganese ◽  
Salt Crystals ◽  
Electrolysis Method

Abstract Ammonium sulfate double salt crystals (ASDSCs) are formed during the electrolytic production of manganese. Typically, the large volume of ASDSCs accumulates in the open air, and this leads to serious environmental pollution and wastage of resources. In this study, we developed a new double-membrane three-chamber electrolysis method. In this method, ASDSCs were dissolved in water and then pretreated stepwise to precipitate manganese(II) carbonate and magnesium carbonate. These precipitates were filtered and the filtrate (mainly ammonium sulfate) was subjected to double-membrane three-chamber electrodecomposition to produce sulfuric acid and ammonia. Further investigations showed that under the optimal conditions of current density of 250 A/m2, electrolysis time of 18 h, and temperature of 40 °C, the decomposition rate of ammonium sulfate reached as high as 96.15%. Thus, using this method, ASDSCs can be completely decomposed, which resolves the problem of environmental pollution and provides certain economic benefits to enterprises.

scholarly journals Pretreatment-Membrane Electrolysis Process for Treatment of Ammonium Sulfate Double Salt Crystals Formed During Electrolytic Manganese Production

Crystals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 667
Author(s):  
Shaobo Zhang ◽  
Sanfan Wang ◽  
Yangyang Zheng ◽  
Han Du
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Double Salt ◽  
Electrolytic Production ◽  
Membrane Electrolysis ◽  
Electrolytic Manganese ◽  
Salt Crystals ◽  
Electrolysis Method

Ammonium sulfate double salt crystals (ASDSCs) are a by-product formed during the electrolytic production of manganese. The long-term open-air stacking of ASDSCs leads to the manganese and ammonia nitrogen present inside leaching with rainwater, which seriously damages the ecological environment. To find a reasonable treatment method, we developed a pretreatment-membrane electrolysis method, which allowed for the recycling of ASDSCs stepwise. At the beginning, the ASDSCs were dissolved in water. The Mn2+ and Mg2+ present in the crystals were converted into MnCO3 and MgCO3 and recycled for the production of electrolytic manganese. The filtered liquid (mainly ammonium sulfate) was electrically decomposed to generate ammonia water and sulfuric acid, which were recycled for electrolytic manganese production. The results show that under the optimal conditions of a current density of 300 A/m2—an electrolysis time of 11 h and a temperature of 40 °C—the decomposition rate of ammonium sulfate reached 98.4%. This method led to the complete decomposition and utilization of the ASDSCs and truly achieved the green electrolytic production of manganese.

scholarly journals Reverse Logistics Network Design of Electric Vehicle Batteries considering Recall Risk

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Hao Hao ◽  
Yichen Sun ◽  
Xueyun Mei ◽  
Yanjun Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Reverse Logistics ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Environmental Risks ◽  
Sales Volume ◽  
Logistics Network ◽  
The Social ◽  
Reverse Logistics Network

In 2018-2019, the recall scale of electric vehicles (EVs) in China reached 168,700 units; recalls account for approximately 6.9% of sales volume. There are imperative reasons for electric vehicle batteries (EVBs) recalls, such as mandatory laws or policies, safety and environmental pollution risks, and the high value of EVB echelon use, and thus, it has become increasingly important to reasonably design a reverse logistics (RL) network for an EVB recall. In this study, a multiobjective and multiperiod recall RL network model is developed to minimize safety and environmental risks, maximize the social responsibility and economic benefits, and consider the characteristics of EVBs, including the configuration of key recall facilities and the control of recall flows. The results of this study will help EVB practitioners, relevant departmental policymakers, and others to comprehensively understand the recall of EVBs, strengthen the safety and environmental protection issues in the EVB recall process, and promote the establishment of a safe, green, and sustainable EVB recall RL network.

scholarly journals ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS HAVING AN IMPACT ON THE NOISE INDUCED BY MOTOR VAHICLES / APLINKOS VEIKSNIŲ ĮTAKA AUTOMOBILIŲ KELIAMAM TRIUKŠMUI

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-329
Author(s):  
Rasa Akelaitytė ◽  
Tomas Januševičius
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Calculation Method ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Sound Waves ◽  
Heavy Vehicles ◽  
Noise Levels ◽  
The Past

The transport sector is rapidly developing industry in Lithuania. Over the past few years, a significant increase in motor vehicles on our roads can be noticed. Both light and heavy vehicles create economic benefits, and, at the same time, cause ecological and social problems such as noise, a growing number of accidents and environmental pollution. In order to reduce the rate of accidents, many places have been equipped with speed-limiting humps. However, the vehicles approaching them will increase noise levels. The article describes a calculation method of how to determine the influence of various factors caused by car noise. Reflections on the surface, the atmosphere and sound waves on road obstacles can increase or decrease sounds in the environment. The above introduced factors must be taken into account conducting noise measurement tests. Santrauka Vis sparčiau Lietuvoje besivystant pramonei ir transporto sektoriui, per pastaruosius kelerius metus mūsų keliuose žymiai padaugėjo automobilių. Tiek lengvieji, tiek sunkieji automobiliai ne tik teikia ekonominį pelną, bet kartu su nauda lemia ir ekologines bei socialines problemas – kelia triukšmą, didėja avaringumas ir aplinkos tarša. Siekiant sumažinti avaringumą, daugelyje vietų yra įrengiami greičio ribojimo kalneliai. Triukšmas, keliamas automobiliams važiuojant per juos, prisideda prie bendro triukšmo. Pateikiami skaičiavimai, kaip nustatyti įvairių veiksnių įtaką automobilių triukšmo mastui. Garso atspindžiai, kelio danga, atmosfera, kliūtys garso bangų kelyje – visa tai gali padidinti arba sumažinti garsų sklidimą. Atliekant triukšmo matavimo tyrimus į šiuos veiksnius būtina atsižvelgti. Reikšminiai žodžiai: triukšmas, automobiliai, pataisos, garsas, autotransportas, greičio ribojimo kalneliai.

scholarly journals Valorization of Enzymatic Hydrolysis Residues from Corncob into Lignin-Containing Cellulose Nanofibrils and Lignin Nanoparticles

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Xu ◽  
Haishun Du ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
Meng Zhang ◽  
Meiyan Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Crystalline Structure ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibrils ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Biomass Waste ◽  
Utilization Pathway

As a kind of biomass waste, enzymatic hydrolysis residues (EHRs) are conventionally burned or just discarded, resulting in environmental pollution and low economic benefits. In this study, EHRs of corncob residues (CCR) were used to produce high lignin-containing cellulose nanofibrils (LCNFs) and lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) through a facile approach. The LCNFs and LNPs with controllable chemical compositions and properties were produced by tuning the enzymolysis time of CCR and the followed homogenization. The morphology, thermal stability, chemical and crystalline structure, and dispersibility of the resultant LCNFs and LNPs were further comprehensively investigated. This work not only promotes the production of lignocellulose-based nanomaterials but also provides a promising utilization pathway for EHRs.

A Lanthanum Ammonium Sulfate Double Salt with a Strong SHG Response and Wide Deep‐UV Transparency

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Wu ◽  
Xingxing Jiang ◽  
Yilei Hu ◽  
Chunbo Jiang ◽  
Tianhui Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Double Salt ◽  
Deep Uv

scholarly journals Effect of Contamination on the Lifetime of Hydraulic Oils and Systems

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 1205-1212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marián Kučera ◽  
Zdeněk Aleš ◽  
Jan Mareček ◽  
Pavel Máchal
Keyword(s):  
Service Life ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Prognostic Model ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Accurate Prediction ◽  
Hydraulic Fluids ◽  
Conservation Of Natural Resources ◽  
Useful Lifetime ◽  
Extended Service

The extensions of service‑lives regarding hydraulic fluids is gaining prominence due to several considerations including environmental pollution, conservation of natural resources and the economic benefits associated with extended service‑life. The presented methods for testing the durability and oxidation stabilities of hydraulic fluids can be simultaneously used in two ways. Firstly for comparing different hydraulic biooils and for selecting more adequate oils with higher oxidation stabilities and longer service lifetimes and secondly for the development of a prognostic model for an accurate prediction of an oil’s condition and its remaining useful lifetime, which could help to extend the service life of the oil without concerns about damaging the equipment.

scholarly journals One-step method for obtaining potassium sulfate and processing of lye

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-235
Author(s):  
V. V. Shauchuk ◽  
Z. A. Hotto ◽  
A. S. Stromsky ◽  
A. A. Stromsky
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Double Salt ◽  
Potassium Sulfate ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Stirrer Speed ◽  
Step Method ◽  
Basic Substance ◽  
One Step

Method of obtaining potassium sulfate with basic substance content higher 92 % shown. Process conditions: 110 % KCl (10 % excess substance from stoichiometry), mixing at temperature higher 95 °C during 30 min, mixing at temperature 0 °C for 1 hour, stirrer speed 500 rpm, sludge washing 15 % water from wet sludge weight, drying the washed sludge at 70–80 °C during 1 hour. The degree of evaporation of the solution at which the double salt of potassium and ammonium sulfate precipitated was determined. The degree is 30 % at the evaporated suspension cooled, and is 45 % at hot filtration.

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