scholarly journals Duration of Things and Duration of Culture

2019 ◽  
Vol ENGLISH EDITION (1) ◽  
pp. 41-50
Author(s):  
Robert Piłat
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Michel Foucault ◽  
The Other ◽  
Material Structure ◽  
Delicate Balance ◽  
Recent Debate ◽  
Self Formation ◽  
In Virtue Of ◽  
Made In

This article discusses the relation between temporal existence of things and the persistence of culture. The material and the immaterial aspects of culture are quite different in relation to time. According to philosopher Karl R. Popper, meanings, senses and ideas belong to a separate non- -temporal realm of being. They come about in time but henceforth they exist non-temporarily. Their existence, unlike that of physical objects, does not depend on keeping a delicate balance between the change and identity − it is not based on struggle against time. But on the other hand, their seemingly non-temporal subsistence is strictly connected to the temporal existence of things. The latter do not carry meaning in virtue of sheer convention, but rather by means of subtle connection between their material structure and the properties of sentient and intelligent beings. Books hold a very special place in this framework. Physical properties of books are intertwined with their content very strongly albeit mysteriously. It is safe to say that reducing books to their content − by conveying the content to digital carriers alone − would result in a serious impoverishing of culture. In reference to early journalist works by the poet Zbigniew Herbert, three functions of preserving and studying artefacts are distinguished: reconstruction, preserving and learning. In studying artefacts there is always a quest for originals and considerable efforts are made in order to distinguish them from copies and derivatives. The article gives a brief account of recent debate concerning the value of these pursuits. Finally, a discussion with Michel Foucault is presented, concerning the role of things in self-formation.

scholarly journals Trwanie rzeczy i trwanie kultury

2015 ◽  
pp. 50-62
Author(s):  
Robert Piłat
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Michel Foucault ◽  
The Other ◽  
Material Structure ◽  
Delicate Balance ◽  
Recent Debate ◽  
Self Formation ◽  
In Virtue Of ◽  
Made In

This article discusses the relation between temporal existence of things and the persistence of culture. The material and the immaterial aspects of culture are quite different in relation to time. According to philosopher Karl R. Popper, meanings, senses and ideas belong to a separate quasi-temporal realm of being. They come about in time but henceforth they exist non-temporarily. Their existence, unlike that of physical objects, does not depend on keeping a delicate balance between the change and identity − it is not based on struggle against time. But on the other hand, their seemingly atemporal subsistence is strictly connected to the temporal existence of things. The latter do not carry meaning in virtue of sheer convention, but rather by means of subtle connection between their material structure and the properties of sentient and intelligent beings. Books hold a very special place in this framework. The physical properties of books are intertwined with their content very strongly albeit mysteriously. It is safe to say that reducing books to their content − by conveying the content to digital carriers alone − would result in a serious impoverishing of culture. In reference to early journalist works by poet Zbigniew Herbert, three functions of preserving and studying artefacts are distinguished: reconstruction, preserving and learning. In such studies there is always a quest for originals and considerable efforts are made in order to distinguish them from copies and derivatives. The article gives a brief account of recent debate concerning the value of these pursuits. Finally a discussion with Michel Foucault is presented, concerning the role of things in self-formation.

Al-Nawawī's Typology of Muftīs and its Significance for a General Theory of Islamic Law

1996 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman Calder
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pivotal Role ◽  
General Character ◽  
Recent Debate ◽  
Closed Door

AbstractThis essay offers, in Section 2, a translation of al-Nawawī's presentation of the hierarchy of Muftīs. The context of the passage and its terminology and arguments are explored in the other Sections in order to assess their implications for the general character of Islamic juristic activities. Section 1 identifies two themes central to the text, namely loyalty to madhhab and differentiation of the task of the teaching jurist and the muftī. The first of these is elaborated in Section 3, which points to formal qualities of presentation and argument which assert the hermeneutical continuity of the school tradition; and in Section 4, which deals with the pivotal role of the founding imām in the legitimation of the school tradition. Section 5 takes up the terms taqlīd and ijtihād and shows that al-Nawawī's usage points towards a complex resolution of the recent debate about the open/closed door of ijtihād. The last Section returns to the original two themes to make two suggestions: (1) that taqlīd may be assessed as a principal of vitality within a hermeneutical tradition; (2) that the author-jurist (not the practising muftī) is the dominant creative agent within the ongoing juristic traditions.

Tâches, interaction et présence à distance

2021 ◽  
pp. 65-74
Author(s):  
Christelle HOPPE
Keyword(s):  
International Students ◽  
Learning Experience ◽  
The Other ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Pedagogical Choices ◽  
The One ◽  
Teaching Learning ◽  
The University ◽  
Made In

This article presents the highlights of the learning experience within the teaching-learning scheme of French as an additional language as it was proposed to international students at the university to ensure pedagogical continuity during the health crisis between April and June 2020. Through vignettes that give an overview of the course, it proposes, on the one hand, to reflect on the pedagogical choices that were made in order to measure their effects effectively. On the other hand, it looks at the role of the tasks and the way in which they stimulate interaction, articulate or organise the cognitive, conative and socio-affective presence at a distance in this particular context. What emerges from the experience is that the flexible articulation of a set of tasks creates an organising framework that helps learners to shape their own curriculum while supporting their engagement. Overall, the pedagogical organisation of the device has led to potentially beneficial creative and socio-interactive use.

Archaeology, Theory, and War-Related Violence

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helle Vandkilde
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Biology ◽  
Prime Mover ◽  
Ample Evidence ◽  
Late Discovery ◽  
Discursive Field ◽  
Made In

Warfare may be understood as violent social encounter with the Other, and has in this sense occurred from the first hominid societies until today. Ample evidence of war-related violence exists across time and space: skeletal traumata, material culture, weapons, war-related ritual finds, fighting technologies, fortifications, and martial iconographies. The archaeology of war is a late ‘discovery’ of the mid 1990s, but advances have recently been made in understanding the scale and roles of warfare in pre- and protohistory and how warfare and warriorhood relate to society, culture, evolution and human biology. This chapter ventures into this discursive field from a theoretical and archaeological point of view while reflecting upon the effectiveness and role of war as a prime mover in history. It is argued that war was often present but never truly endemic, and that war essentially is a matter of culture.

scholarly journals The Reenacted Double

2022 ◽  
pp. 19-27
Author(s):  
Arianna Sforzini
Keyword(s):  
Michel Foucault ◽  
Art History ◽  
Critical Reflection ◽  
Diego Velazquez ◽  
Made In

The essay engages with a screenplay by Michel Foucault, written in 1970 for a film, not realized during Foucault’s lifetime, about Pablo Picasso’s Las Meninas, a series of 58 paintings that the artist made in 1957, taking up, updating, reinterpreting the famous painting with the same title by Diego Velázquez (1656). This screenplay is at the same time an example of critical reflection on reenactment in art history and itself a reenactment practice of sorts: the filmic repetition of an artistic repetition. It invites a reflection on the role of repetition as a critical operation: how doubles, reenacted images, and ‘counter-mimesis’ can become creative gestures and opening movements of transformation through plays of refraction, duplication, and multiplication of the realities and subjectivities at stake in them.

scholarly journals Cui prodest Michel Foucault?

2006 ◽  
Vol 05 (01) ◽  
pp. C01
Author(s):  
Yuri Castelfranchi ◽  
Nico Pitrelli
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Michel Foucault ◽  
Science Communication ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Scientific Culture ◽  
Holy Grail ◽  
The One

Do we have to drag in the thought of Michel Foucault to show the political (and not neutral), partial and local (and not universal and non-historic), active (and not merely transmissive) face of science communication? Do we need the work of the controversial French intellectual to dispute the anxious search – almost a quest like that for the Holy Grail – for the “best practices” in the dissemination of scientific culture? If we read over the pages that Foucault dedicated to words and things, to the archaeology and genealogy of knowledge, to biopolitics, we have few doubts. Two elements, on the one hand the central nature of discourse and “regimes of truth”, on the other the concept of biopower (a “power over bodies”), enable us to reflect both on the important specific features of modern science in comparison with other forms of production and organisation of knowledge, and on the central role of its communication.

Locative Complements of Verbs of Movement in Czech

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 87-113
Author(s):  
Marta Ungermanová
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The One ◽  
Syntactic Properties ◽  
Made In

This paper describes the syntactic properties of three types of locative complements in Czech that are compatible with verbs of movement. The distinction between these complements (each with its own interpretation) is made in the first place on the basis of several formal criteria (in particular, involving the rich Czech morphology), and, in addition, on semantic criteria. It is examined whether there exists sufficient correspondence between these criteria, and in particular, to what extent they can satisfactorily classify locative complements into essential and circumstantial ones. It is shown that there is no clear-cut distinction between these two categories of locative complements with Czech movement verbs. Furthermore, the syntactic role of the locative complements is shown to depend mainly on the verb, but also on other elements of the sentence. Finally, on the basis of several examples, it is argued that, on the one hand, the form of the complement does not predict its syntactic role and interpretation and, on the other hand, that two different forms can share the same syntactic role and interpretation.

scholarly journals Confronting the Other: Identity, Culture, Politics, and Conservative Islamism in Egypt

1998 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salwa Ismail
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
The West ◽  
Nationalist Discourse ◽  
Entire Field ◽  
Political Role ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Made In

The rise of Islamist groups in Egypt's polity and society is given force through the articulation of a set of competing yet inter-linked discourses that challenge the authority of the post-independence secular nationalist discourse and attempt to reconstitute the field of struggle and domination in religious terms. Concurrently, these discourses seek authoritative status over the scope of meanings related to questions of identity, history, and the place of Islam in the world. The interpretations and definitions elaborated in reference to these questions by radical Islamist forces (the jihad groups and other militant Islamist elements) are often seen to dominate the entire field of meaning. However, claims to authority over issues of government, morality, identity, and Islam's relationship to the West are also made in and through a discourse that can appropriately be labeled “conservative Islamist.” The discourse and political role of conservative Islamism are the subject of this article.

The Metaphysics of Evolution

1967 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 309-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Hull
Keyword(s):  
Species Concept ◽  
Systematic Investigation ◽  
Important Change ◽  
Species Concepts ◽  
The Other ◽  
History Of Biology ◽  
Extreme Variation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Made In

Extreme variation in the meaning of the term “species” throughout the history of biology has often frustrated attempts of historians, philosophers and biologists to communicate with one another about the transition in biological thinking from the static species concept to the modern notion of evolving species. The most important change which has underlain all the other fluctuations in the meaning of the word “species” is the change from it denoting such metaphysical entities as essences, Forms or Natures to denoting classes of individual organisms. Several authors have taken notice of the role of metaphysics in the work of particular biologists. An attempt will be made in this paper to present a systematic investigation of the role which metaphysics has played in the work of representative biologists throughout the history of biology, especially as it relates to their species concepts.

scholarly journals Is Information a Sufficient Basis for Cognition? Part 2: Physical Foundations

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-376
Author(s):  
José María Díaz Nafría ◽  
Mario Pérez-Montoro
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
Wave Length ◽  
The Other ◽  
A Priori Knowledge ◽  
The One ◽  
Wave Phenomena ◽  
In Virtue Of ◽  
Physical Boundary ◽  
Homogeneous Environment

In this second part of our inquiry into the relation between information and cognition, we delve into the physical limits of the manifestation of an arbitrary object first with independence of any observer, then considering the nature of perception. The analysis of the manifestations of an object in a homogeneous environment by means of wave phenomena shows that the information carried by such manifestations offers a constitutive fuzziness and ambiguity of the observed object. On the one hand, the details that can be specified concerning the object are strictly limited by the wave length; on the other hand, the volumetric details of the object (i.e. its bowls) are outlawed to the observer, not in virtue of the object opacity, but to the very dimension or complexity of the wave phenomenon in the space surrounding the object. The analysis of perception, considering this physical boundary and the specificity of the animal sensitivity, shows the combined role of other concurrent or previous percept and some a priori knowledge in the perception and awareness of reality.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document