scholarly journals Изменение объема кратковременной памяти под влиянием стрессогенного воздействия у курсантов

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-43
Author(s):  
Екатерина В. Битюцкая ◽  
Наталья А. Лебедева ◽  
Юлия Р. Цаликова
Keyword(s):  
Digit Span ◽  
Digit Span Test ◽  
Span Test

Введение. Исследуется влияние стрессогенного воздействия умеренной интенсивности на кратковременную память, что востребовано практикой подготовки специалистов экстремального профиля (спасателей) к профессиональной деятельности. Объектом исследования является изменение объема кратковременной памяти под воздействием стрессогенных факторов. Определено существование значимых различий между показателями памяти курсантов и студентов специальностей, не связанных с деятельностью в экстремальных условиях. Новизна заключается в проведенном экспериментальном исследовании влияния стрессогенного воздействия на объем кратковременной памяти с учётом фактора профессиональной направленности испытуемых. Методы. В исследовании приняли участие 90 человек: 50 курсантов силового ведомства и 40 студентов московских вузов. Испытуемые были разделены на четыре группы, из которых одна экспериментальная и три контрольные. Двум группам были предъявлены фото- и аудиоматериалы стрессогенного содержания; двум другим группам – материалы нейтрального содержания. Объем кратковременной памяти испытуемых до и после предъявления материалов определялся при помощи методики Digit Span Test. На протяжении всего эксперимента замерялись физиологические параметры испытуемых. Результаты. У курсантов силового ведомства объем памяти в стрессогенных условиях значимо увеличивается, в то время как объем памяти студентов показывает незначимое снижение. Также в стрессогенных условиях студенты и курсанты демонстрируют разный физиологический ответ: студенты имеют более высокое исходное мышечное напряжение, в то время как показатели сердечно-сосудистой системы курсантов (амплитуда систолической волны, время распространения пульсовой волны) меняются быстрее, при этом не так выраженно, как у студентов. Обсуждение результатов. Показатели объема памяти и его устойчивость к стрессогенным воздействиям курсантов связаны с уровнем невербального интеллекта, а также могут быть опосредованы профессионально-важными качествами и мотивационными особенностями. В качестве важного фактора устойчивости когнитивных функций рассматривается система отбора и психологического сопровождения курсантов силового ведомства.

scholarly journals Effects of masticatory exercise on cognitive function in community-dwelling older adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 125-131
Author(s):  
Tae-Hoon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Rehabilitation ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Stroop Test ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Digit Span Test ◽  
Span Test ◽  
Test Digit

BACKGROUND: Mastication improves cognitive function by activating cerebral cortical activity, and it is important to demonstrate the cognitive effects of masticatory training using a variety of different interventions. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of masticatory exercise on cognitive function in healthy older adults living in the community. METHODS: For six weeks, twelve participants performed a masticatory exercise using a NOSICK exerciser device, and thirteen subjects performed daily life without masticatory exercises. Trail Making Test, Digit Span Test, and Stroop test were used to measure the cognitive function. RESULTS: The participants in the experimental group showed significant improvements in TMT-A/B (p= 0.001 and 0.004), DST-forward (p= 0.001), and ST-word (p= 0.001). The effect sizes after the intervention were calculated as (1.2 and 0.8) for TMT-A/B, (0.8 and 0.2) for Digit Span Test forward/backward, and (0.6 and 0.2) for Stroop test color/word. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that the masticatory exercises improve cognitive function in healthy older adults. Therefore, masticatory exercises can be used as a therapeutic exercise during cognitive rehabilitation.

scholarly journals Alteração na atenção e o tratamento da dor do câncer

2008 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geana Paula Kurita ◽  
Cibele Andrucioli de Mattos Pimenta ◽  
José Oswaldo de Oliveira Júnior ◽  
Ricardo Caponeiro
Keyword(s):  
Digit Span ◽  
Trail Making Test ◽  
Digit Span Test ◽  
Span Test ◽  
Trail Making

Os danos à vida diária que a alteração cognitiva pode provocar motivaram a elaboração deste estudo, cujo objetivo foi analisar o impacto do tratamento da dor com opióides sobre a atenção. Os doentes foram divididos em grupos que recebiam (n=14) e não recebiam opióides (n=12). Foram feitas três entrevistas, utilizando-se o Trail Making Test e o Digit Span Test, que avaliam a atenção. Os grupos foram homogêneos nas variáveis sociodemográficas, dor e depressão; não foram homogêneos no índice de Karnofsky e no recebimento de analgésicos adjuvantes. Os doentes sem opióides tiveram melhor desempenho no Digit Span Test - ordem inversa, na segunda avaliação (p=0,29) e não foram observadas diferenças no Trail Making Test. As alterações observadas foram limitadas, mas, enquanto novos estudos não confirmem os achados, doentes, profissionais e cuidadores devem ser alertados dos possíveis efeitos deletérios dos opióides sobre a função cognitiva.

scholarly journals Working Memory Impairment in Euthymic State of Bipolar Disorder

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-54
Author(s):  
A Jha ◽  
D Joshi ◽  
P Kattel ◽  
P Koirala
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Clinical Variables ◽  
Digit Span Test ◽  
Span Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Bipolar Patients

Introduction: Cognitive deficits in bipolar disorders persist after the subsidence of active symptoms. This study was carried out to assess the working memory of patients with bipolar disorder in euthymic state. Material And Method: Forty euthymic bipolar patients attending a tertiary care mental hospital with equal number of matched controls in terms of age, sex and education were included in the study. Working memory assessments was done using WAIS-III digit span subtest. Results: The mean of total digit span test for case group was 8.48±2.04 similarly it was 10.33±2.32 for the controls. The result showed that the mean digit span of cases and control groups are significantly different (p value of < 0.01). The Pearsons correlation between the clinical variables and working memory test in euthymic bipolar patients (case group) was found that the total score for digit span test was negatively correlated with all other clinical variables However, this correlation was found to be non-significant. Conclusion: The working memory impairment persists in remitted bipolar disorder patients and this may represent underlying trait abnormality not the state abnormality.

scholarly journals Free-Weight Resistance Exercise Is More Effective in Enhancing Inhibitory Control than Machine-Based Training: A Randomized, Controlled Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Wilke ◽  
Vanessa Stricker ◽  
Susanne Usedly
Keyword(s):  
Digit Span ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Stroop Test ◽  
Trail Making Test ◽  
Word Condition ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Digit Span Test ◽  
Span Test ◽  
Free Weight ◽  
Trail Making

Resistance exercise has been demonstrated to improve brain function. However, the optimal workout characteristics are a matter of debate. This randomized, controlled trial aimed to elucidate differences between free-weight (REfree) and machine-based (REmach) training with regard to their ability to acutely enhance cognitive performance (CP). A total of n = 46 healthy individuals (27 ± 4 years, 26 men) performed a 45-min bout of REfree (military press, barbell squat, bench press) or REmach (shoulder press, leg press, chest press). Pre- and post-intervention, CP was examined using the Stroop test, Trail Making Test and Digit Span test. Mann–Whitney U tests did not reveal between-group differences for performance in the Digit Span test, Trail Making test and the color and word conditions of the Stroop test (p > 0.05). However, REfree was superior to REmach in the Stroop color-word condition (+6.3%, p = 0.02, R = 0.35). Additionally, REfree elicited pre-post changes in all parameters except for the Digit Span test and the word condition of the Stroop test while REmach only improved cognitive performance in part A of the Trail Making test. Using free weights seems to be the more effective RE method to acutely improve cognitive function (i.e., inhibitory control). The mechanisms of this finding merit further investigation.

Cognitive Disorders in Hospitalized Adolescent Anorectic and Bulimic Patients

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Namyslowska ◽  
B. Remberk ◽  
A. Krempa-Kowalewska
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Digit Span Test ◽  
Span Test

Objective:The problem of cognitive dysfunction in eating disorders remains controversial and the research results are not univocal. Because of that, research was undertaken on a homogenous group of young patients suffering from eating disorders, hospitalized in the adolescent unit.Method:The cognitive functions were assessed by Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and Digit Span Test in the group of 60 adolescent girls (30 anorectic, 30 bulimic) of the same age and compared with the control group of 39 healthy adolescent girls. Also the relation of cognitive disorders with some clinical features of the illness such as the degree of weight loss, BMI at the admission and discharge and the results of EDI test were assessed.Results:Research results did not show statistically significant differences in the performance in the WCST between anorectic and bulimic patients and the control group. However, the group of anorectic patients show the tendency to perform worse in some parameters of WCST (TA, TE, PE, %PE, %CLR) than the control group, althought the results do not reach statistical significance. The results of the bulimic patients were better (p=0.04) than the control group in the Digit Span Test.No correlation was found between clinical data and results in WCST in eating disorder groups of patients while the correlation was found between results of Digit Span Test and BMI at admission in both clinical groups.Conclusions:The research does not fully confirms that patients suffering from eating disorders show deficits in cognitive functions.

The use of the Digit Span Test in screening for cognitive impairment in acute medical inpatients

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 1569-1574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jess L. M. Leung ◽  
Gary T. H. Lee ◽  
Y. H. Lam ◽  
Ray C. C. Chan ◽  
Jimmy Y. M. Wu
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Digit Span Test ◽  
Span Test ◽  
Acute Medical Unit ◽  
Receiver Operating Characteristics Curve ◽  
Medical Inpatients ◽  
Valid Instrument ◽  
State Examination

ABSTRACTBackground: There is no valid instrument currently in use at acute-care hospitals in Hong Kong to aid the detection of cognitive impairment. The objectives of this study were to (1) validate the Digit Span Test (DST) in the identification and differentiation of dementia and delirium; and (2) determine the prevalence of major cognitive impairment in elderly people in an acute medical unit.Methods:During the study period from January to February 2010, 144 patients aged 75 years or more who had had unplanned medical admissions were assessed by nurses, using the Digit Span Forwards (DSF) and the Digit Span Backwards (DSB) tests. The DST scores were compared with the psychiatrists’ DSM-IV-based diagnoses. Receiver Operating Characteristics curve (ROC) was used in conjunction with sensitivity and specificity measures to assess the performance of DST.Results: The prevalence rates of dementia alone, delirium alone and delirium superimposed on dementia were 21.5%, 9% and 9% respectively. The prior case-note documentation rate was 13.2% for dementia and 2.8% for delirium. Regarding the detection of major cognitive impairment, the ROC curve of DSB showed a sensitivity of 0.77 and specificity of 0.78 at the optimal cutoff of <3. A significant association between scores on the DST and the Cantonese version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (CMMSE) was found in this study (p < 0.05 for DSF, p = 0.00 for DSB).Conclusions: Dementia and delirium were prevalent, yet under-recognized, in acute medical geriatric inpatients. The DSB is an effective tool in identifying patients with major cognitive impairment.

Phonological short-term memory, working memory and foreign language performance in intensive language learning

2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
JUDIT KORMOS ◽  
ANNA SÁFÁR
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Working Memory Capacity ◽  
Memory Capacity ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Digit Span Test ◽  
Span Test

In our research we addressed the question what the relationship is between phonological short-term and working memory capacity and performance in an end-of-year reading, writing, listening, speaking and use of English test. The participants of our study were 121 secondary school students aged 15–16 in the first intensive language training year of a bilingual education program in Hungary. The participants performed a non-word repetition test and took a Cambridge First Certificate Exam. Fifty students were also tested with a backward digit span test, measuring their working memory capacity. Our study indicates that phonological short-term memory capacity plays a different role in the case of beginners and pre-intermediate students in intensive language learning. The backward digit span test correlated very highly with the overall English language competence, as well as with reading, listening, speaking and use of English (vocabulary and grammar) test scores.

scholarly journals GAMBARAN KEMAMPUAN KONSENTRASI MAHASISWA PROGRAM STUDI KEDOKTERAN FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN UNIVERSITAS MALIKUSSALEH

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Cut Sidrah Nadira ◽  
Cut Khairunnisa
Keyword(s):  
Digit Span ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Digit Span Test ◽  
Span Test ◽  
Convenience Sampling

Mahasiswa Kedokteran memiliki jadwal kegiatan yang cukup padat dan tugas yang banyak sehingga untuk menyelesaikannya dibutuhkan organisasi waktu dan pekerjaan yang baik. Tak jarang tugas-tugas tersebut dikerjakan bersamaan dengan pekerjaan lainnya. Menyelesaikan banyak pekerjaan dalam satu waktu cenderung menyebabkan lebih banyak distraktor yang diolah oleh otak. Untuk mempertahankan performa seseorang dalam melakukan pekerjaan tersebut dibutuhkan konsentrasi yang baik sehingga distraksi yang banyak dapat diminimalkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran tingkat konsentrasi yang dimiliki oleh mahasiswa Program Studi Kedokteran Universitas Malikussaleh. Penelitian yang dilaksanakan di Program Studi Kedokteran Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Malikussaleh ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan menggunakan pendekatan cross sectional. Sampel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi sebanyak 38 orang diperoleh dengan metode convenience sampling. Identifikasi kemampuan konsentrasi mahasiswa ini dilakukan menggunakan metode Digit Span Test Forward & Backward, selanjutnya data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara univariat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rerata nilai untuk digit span forward yang didapatkan adalah 6,95 ± 1,39 dengan skor median 7; dan untuk digit span backward, rerata 5,37±1,57 dengan skor median 5. Distribusi frekuensi tingkat konsentrasi sebagian besar responden di atas skor 7 untuk digit span forward (68,42%) dan di atas skor 5 untuk digit span backward (71,05%). Hasil ini menunjukkan gambaran kemampuan konsentrasi yang dimiliki oleh mahasiswa Program Studi Kedokteran Universitas Malikussaleh memiliki nilai yang cukup baik (berada di atas atau sama dengan nilai median)

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN KEBIASAAN SARAPAN DAN STATUS HIDRASI DENGAN KONSENTRASI BERFIKIR PADA REMAJA

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 631-637
Author(s):  
Banun Lentini ◽  
Ani Margawati
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Digit Symbol ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Digit Span Test ◽  
Span Test

Latar Belakang : Masalah gizi pada remaja akan berdampak negatif pada tingkat kesehatan masyarakat. Masalah gizi tersebut antara lain anemia dan IMT kurang dari batas normal atau kurus. Prevalensi remaja dengan IMT kurus berkisar antara 30 % - 40 %. Keadaan status gizi remaja salah satunya dipengaruhi oleh pola konsumsi makan yaitu keterbatasan makanan atau membatasi sendiri makanannya karena faktor ingin langsing. Selain itu masalah gizi pada remaja adalah rendahnya kebiasaan sarapan. Remaja yang tidak terbiasa melakukan sarapan 79,2% mempunyai prestasi sekolah yang kurang. Tingginya angka remaja yang tidak terbiasa sarapan berpengaruh pada status hidrasi yang berkorelasi terhadap konsentrasi berfikir. Tujuan: Menganalisis hubungan antara kebiasaan sarapan dan status hidrasi dengan konsentrasi berfikir pada remaja.Metode:Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional. Subjek pada penelitian ini adalah remaja perempuan. Jumlah subjek sebanyak  80  remaja dipilih menggunakan metode simple random sampling . Pengambilan data status hidrasi menggunakan indikator berat jenis urin. Data konsentrasi berfikir menggunakan  Digit Symbol Test dan Digit Span Test dari subtest WAIS ( Weschler Adult intelegence Scale) yang dilakukan oleh lembaga psikologi terapan yang tersertifikasi. Data kebiasaan sarapan dikumpulkan berdasarkan wawancara dengan kuesioner.Hasil : Sebanyak 52,5 % siswa terbiasa melakukan sarapan dan  47, 5 % subjek tidak terbiasa melakukan sarapan. Dari hasil analisis berat jenis urin didapatkan sebanyak 70 % subjek mengalami dehidrasi dan 30 % tidak dehidrasi (normal). Berdasarkan hasil test konsentrasi tersebut didapat 48,25 % subjek memiliki kemampuan konsentrasi rendah dan 51,75 % memiliki kemampuan konsentrasi tinggi. Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara kebiasaan sarapan dan konsentrasi berfikir (p=0,00).  Tidak terdapat hubungan antara status hidrasi dengan konsentrasi berfikir (p=0,35)Kesimpulan :Terdapat hubungan antara kebiasaan sarapan dengan konsentrasi berfikir . Tidak terdapat hubungan antara status hidrasi dengan konsentrasi berfikir.

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