HUBUNGAN ASUPAN ZAT GIZI MIKRO, DURASI TIDUR, INDEKS MASSA TUBUH DAN STATUS IMUN PEGAWAI BALITBANG HUKUM DAN HAM

Background: Adequate micronutrients intake is essential to ensure the immune function. Certain populations may have insufficient intake of micronutrients, and in situations that increase the demand for example infections, stress, and pollution that decrease the body's stores of micronutrients, putting them at risk of deficiency and may impair immunity. Several researchs related to micronutrient intake, nutritional status, sleep duration are still contradictory results in showing the relationship with immunity.Objectives: To determine the relationship between micronutrient intake, sleep duration, body mass index and the immune status of Balitbang Hukum dan HAM employees.Methods: This type of research is an observational study with a cross sectional approach. The sampling technique used was simple random sampling technique. The samples taken were 47 people.Results: Median intake of micronutrient vitamin A 1024.5 mcg, vitamin C 208.3 mg, vitamin D 1.4 mcg, vitamin E 3.5 mg, iron 5.1 mg, zinc 4.2 mg. Meanwhile, the median sleep duration was 6 hours and the median body mass index was 22.2 kg / m2. The intake of micronutrients with immune status has a p value> 0.05. Sleep duration with immune status has a p value <0.05 with a negative relationship direction. Body mass index with immune status has a p value> 0.05.Conclusion: There is no relationship between micronutrient intake and body mass index with immune status, meanwhile there is a relationship between sleep duration and immune status of Balitbang Hukum dan HAM employees.Keywords : Micronutrient intake; Sleep duration; Body mass index; Immune status

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF CORK FISH (Channa Striatus) AND EGG WHITE SNACK TO IMPROVE BLOOD ALBUMIN LEVEL AND BODY WEIGHT IN TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS

Background: The tuberculosis morbidity rate in Bekasi area based on data from the Republic of Indonesia Ministry of Health has reached 101 people per 100,000 population in 2012. Indonesia’s Ministry of Health showed that tuberculosis patients have less economic status poor nutritional status. Patients with tuberculosis need foods that contain lots of protein and albumin such as cork fish and chicken egg white without yolk to speed up the repair of cells and tissues damaged by Mycobacterium Tuberculosis bacteria. Objective: The study was conducted to determine the increase in blood albumin levels and body weight in patients with tuberculosis by giving cork fish and egg white snacks. Methods: Analysis of the data used was a paired t-test for increases in blood albumin levels and bodyweight of the treatment group before and after giving snacks and an unpaired t-test for increases in blood albumin levels and bodyweight of tuberculosis patients between the treatment and the control group. Results: The study showed the most characteristics of tuberculosis patients ismale, age range 26-30 years, elementary-junior high school education level, labor work, income <Rp. 1,500,000,00, and the number of dependents of families consist of 4-6 people. Data analysis of blood albumin levels in the control group was significantly different from the treatment group before and after with a value of P = 0.002 which means that there was an increase in blood albumin levels and in the results of weight gain the control group was significantly different from the treatment groups before and after with a value of P = 0.004 means there is a significant increase in body weight for 15 days after being given snack. Conclusion: There was an increase in blood albumin levels and body weight in patients with tuberculosis after treatment for 15 days.

PERBEDAAN KADAR ANTOSIANIN UBI UNGU SEGAR DAN TEPUNG UBI UNGU VARIETAS LOKAL DAN ANTIN 3 PADA BEBERAPA ALAT PENGERINGAN

Background: Purple sweet potato is one of the local Asian food ingredients known as "people's food". Purple sweet potato is rich in anthocyanins which function as antioxidants and immunonutrients. In addition to being widely used as food or traditional snacks, purple sweet potato can be used as a functional food ingredient rich in anthocyanins. For example, purple sweet potato flour can be used as an essential ingredient for processed foods.Objectives: To analyze differences in anthocyanin levels in fresh purple sweet potato local varieties of Gunung Kawi and Antin 3 and purple sweet potato flour with different drying tools.Methods: This research consist of two research stages. The first phase analyzes differences in anthocyanin content in fresh purple sweet potatoes local varieties of Gunung Kawi and Antin 3 with a RAL research design (Completely Randomized Design) 3 repetitions. Then, the second stage of the research used a one-shot case study with 3 treatment groups: drying with an electric oven, cabinet dryer, and food dehydrator. Anthocyanin levels were tested using the UV-Vis spectrophotometry method. Differences in fresh purple sweet potato anthocyanins were analyzed using an independent t-test. Meanwhile, the different anthocyanin levels of purple sweet potato flour were analyzed using one-way ANOVA.Results: The first stage of the study showed that the anthocyanin content of fresh purple sweet potato Antin 3 was seven times higher than that of Gunung Kawi (53.94±25.6 v.s 7.59±2.4 mg/100 g) with p=0.036. The second stage of the study, showed no statistically significant difference in anthocyanin levels (p = 0.066) in 3 different drying equipment.Conclusion: Antin 3 purple sweet potato variety is purple sweet potato with the highest anthocyanin content. The purple sweet potato flour was dried with 3 different drying tools, resulting in anthocyanin levels that were not significantly different.Keywords: Anthocyanin; Gunung Kawi local purple sweet potato; Antin 3 purple sweet potato; Purple sweet potato flour; Drying equipment

HUBUNGAN CAKUPAN IMUNISASI DASAR DAN ASI EKSKLUSIF DENGAN STATUS GIZI BALITA DI INDONESIA (ANALISIS DATA RISKESDAS 2018)

Background: The direct causes of nutritional status problems are infectious diseases and inadequate intake. The prevalence of infectious diseases can be caused by children not getting complete basic immunization and not getting exclusive breastfeeding. Objective: The study aims to determine the relationship between complete basic immunization and exclusive breastfeeding with the nutritional status of underfive children in Indonesia. Methods: This study uses secondary data from Primary health research of Indonesia (Riskesdas 2018). It is an analytical study using a cross sectional study design. The sample in this study is toddlers spread across 34 provinces of Indonesia. The sampling technique in this study is the total population. The independent variables were complete basic immunization coverage and exclusive breastfeeding coverage. The dependent variable is the prevalence of nutritional status based on the index of Weight by age, body length according to age and body weight by length.Results: The results of the analysis found that the complete basic immunization coverage for underfive children in Indonesia was 56.18%, exclusive breastfeeding coverage was 39.59%, and the prevalence of underweight and severely underweight children under five (WHZ) was 16.67%, the prevalence of short and very short toddlers short (WHZ 29.68% and the prevalence of malnutrition and very poor (HAZ) 12.44%. using correlation test and linear regression with a significance degree of p≤0.05. Complete basic immunization coverage was associated with the prevalence of very underweight and underweight (p=0.005), short and very short (p=0.043), very undernourished and undernourished (p=0.000). Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between complete basic immunization and the nutritional status of children under five in Indonesia. There is no significant relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and the nutritional status of children under five in Indonesia.Key words: Complete basic Immunization; Exclusive breastfeeding; Nutritional status; Underfive years old

HUBUNGAN STUNTING DENGAN KETERLAMBATAN PERKEMBANGAN PADA ANAK USIA 6-24 BULAN

Background: The prevalence of stunting in Semarang in 2017 reached 20.37% with the highest incidence in the working area of the Bandarharjo Public Health Center. Previous studies have shown children who are stunted up to 2 years old has lower intelligence score than children who are not stunting. However, there were not studies on the relationship of stunting whit development children under 2 years.Objectives: This study aimed to determine relationship between stunting and development of children 6-24 months in the working area ofBandarharjo Public Health Center.Methods: This was a cross sectional study on 54 subjects aged 6-24 month using consecutive sampling method. Height and body weight were measured to assess nutritional status. Degree of stunting was expressed by height for age z-score of (HAZ) and classified according to the WHO. Development status was measured with Denver II test. Nutrient intake was measured by a semi quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and entered into Nutrisurvey 2007. The data analyzed with chi-square test and Fisher Exact. Multivariate analysis was done by logistic regression.Results: As many as 31,5% children were stunting and 72,2% children classified into suspect category. Stunting children had 9.3 times the risk of developmental delays compared with children who are not stunting.Conclusion: There was significant relationship between stunting and development of children 6-24 months of age in the working area ofBandarharjo Public Health Center.

PENGARUH JUS KULIT BUAH SEMANGKA (Citrullus lanatus) TERHADAP STATUS HIDRASI ATLET DI UKM SEPAK BOLA

Background: Football as a high-intensity sport that causes fluid loss in the body often makes athletes dehydrated which results in decreased athlete performance. Provision of adequate and appropriate drinks can prevent dehydration. Watermelon rind contains high potassium which can restore lost body fluids.Objectives: Conducted a study to determine the correlation of giving watermelon rind juice to the hydration status of athletes in the Student Football Activity Unit.Methods: The study was conducted with a quasi-experimental design with a pre-posttest without control group design. A sample of 18 soccer athletes was taken using a purposive sampling technique. Subjects were given 300 ml of watermelon rind juice for 7 days. Hydration status was obtained based on the results of urine specific gravity examination. Measurement of hydration status wasconductedbefore and after the intervention period. The research instruments were urine samples analyzed in the laboratory, SOPs for making watermelon rind juice, observation sheets for giving juice, SOPs for measuring hydration status, and hydration status observation sheets. Data analysis using Wilcoxon test.Results: Specific gravity of pretest urine obtained a median of 1.025 g/dl (min-max 1.005-1.030 g/dl). Posttest urine specific gravity received a median of 1.025 g/dl (min-max 1.010-1.031 g/dl). There was an average decrease in urine specific gravity of 0.0019 g/dl at the posttest. The results of the pretest and posttest bivariate analysis obtained a p-value of 0.391.Conclusion: There is no significant effect of watermelon rind juice on the hydration status of athletes in the Student Football Activity Unit. There is a decrease in the average specific gravity of urine after being given watermelon rind juice

STUNTING DAN ASUPAN PROTEIN BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN FUNGSI KOGNITIF BALITA

Background: Stunting and nutrients intake are the most important environmental factors for optimizing the cognitive function of toddler and closely related to the quality of life in the future. The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between stunting, nutrients intake, and cognitive function of toddler.Methods: Cross sectional study design with purposive sampling technique. Total sample was 42 toddlers aged 36-60 months. Data was collected by interview, anthropometric measurements, and SQ-FFQ. Cognitive function was measured by toddlers development questionnaire reffering to Permendiknas No. 137 of 2014 about national standard for toddler. Data was analyzed by Chi Square, Fisher’s Exact, and multiple logistic regression test.Results: 23.8% of toddlers were stunted and 21.4% were wasted. Adequate intake of toddlers include: magnesium (83.3%), protein (73.8%), and zinc (76.2%). Poor intake of toddlers was iodine (97.6%). The prevalence of poor cognitive function level was 57.1%. There were relationship between stunting (p = 0.044; OR = 10.575) and protein intake (p = 0.016; OR = 15.738) with cognitive function of toddler, which protein intake was the most dominant variable. Wasting, magnesium, and zinc intake were not associated with cognitive function of toddler.Conclution: Stunting and protein intake were related to cognitive function of toddler. Protein intake was the most dominant variable. There was no relationship between wasting, magnesium, and zinc intake with cognitive function of toddler.Keywords: Stunting; Protein intake; Toddler; Cognitive function

FAKTOR RISIKO YANG MEMPENGARUHI KEJADIAN ANEMIA PADA IBU HAMIL DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS NUSAWUNGU II CILACAP

Background: The prevalence of anemia in pregnant women in Indonesia is still high. Based on Riskesdas data from 2013-2018, the proportion of anemia in pregnant women increased from 37.1% to 48.9% while the 2019 RPJMN target was 28%. The Nusawungu II Health Center in Cilacap Regency ranks the highest in cases of anemia in pregnant women in 2020, which is 51.51%. The risk factors for anemia in pregnant women are quite diverse.Objective: This study aims to determine the risk factors that influence the incidence of anemia in pregnant women in the working area of the Nusawungu II Public Health Center, Cilacap.Methods: This type of research is an analytic observational study with a Case Control design. The sample set is 42 case groups and 42 control groups using purposive sampling technique. The collection of data on gestational age, nutritional status of pregnant women, diversity of food consumption, compliance with Fe tablet consumption, education level, economic status and dietary restrictions was carried out by distributing questionnaires and interviews. Data were analyzed using Chi Square test.Results: The results of the study showed that the risk factors associated with the incidence of anemia in pregnant women were gestational age (p 0.028; OR 2.667), diversity of food consumption (p 0.004; OR 3.758), economic status (p 0.028; OR 3.077) and dietary restrictions (p 0.015; OR 3.026) while the unrelated risk factors were nutritional status (p 0.786), adherence to Fe tablet consumption (p 0.811), and level of education (p 0.345).Conclusion: Gestational age, nutritional status of pregnant women, diversity of food consumption, compliance with Fe tablet consumption, education level, economic status and dietary restrictions are risk factors for anemia in pregnant women in the working area of Nusawungu II Public Health Center Cilacap.Keywords: Anemia; Pregnant mother; Diversity of Food Consumption; Food taboos.

KARAKTERISTIK KALSIUM DARI TULANG IKAN BANDENG (Chanos chanos) YANG DIEKSTRAKSI MENGGUNAKAN LARUTAN HCl

Latar belakang: Tulang ikan bandeng merupakan limbah dari industri perikanan yang belum bisa dimanfaatkan dengan baik serta berpotensi mencemari lingkungan. Tulang ikan bandeng mengandung mineral yang tinggi, terutama mineral kalsium. Kandungan kalsium yang tinggi dalam tulang ikan berpotensi dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber kalsium alternatif. Namun untuk melepaskan ikatan kalsium dan kolagen diperlukan perlakuan khusus. Perlakuan yang dapat dilakukan adalah perendaman dengan HCl disertai suhu yang tinggi. Ekstraksi dengan HCl mampu memutuskan ikatan kalsium dan kolagen serta meningkatkan ketersediaan kalsium dalam produk yang dihasilkan.Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik kadar air, rendemen, kelarutan dalam asam dan air, kadar kalsium serta derajat putih kalsium dari tulang ikan bandeng yang diekstraksi dengan konsentrasi larutan HCl yang berbeda.Metode: Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Percobaan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan dan 5 kali ulangan. Penelitian ini terdiri dari 4 perlakuan berupa ekstraksi kalsium dengan konsentrasi HCl berbeda pada suhu 85° C yang meliputi T1(0,5N), T2 (1N), T3 (1,5N), dan T4 (2N). Analisis data yang digunakan merupakan Analysis of Varian (ANOVA) pada taraf signifikansi 0,05 yang dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan apabila terdapat pengaruh nyata.Hasil: Hasik penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstraksi kalsium dengan konsentrasi HCl berbeda memberikan pengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap rendemen, kelarutan dalam asam dan air, serta derajat putih, sedangkan tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap kadar air. Kadar kalsium produk turun seiring dengan bertambahnya konsentrasi HCl.Simpulan: Perlakuan ekstraksi kalsium dengan konsentrasi HCl 0,5 N memberikan hasil terbaik dengan rendemen dan kadar kalsium tertinggi, derajat putih yang tinggi, kadar air yang rendah serta kelarutan dalam asam dan air yang baik. Kata kunci: Kalsium, HCl. Tulang Ikan, Ikan Bandeng

HUBUNGAN DISFAGIA DENGAN MALNUTRISI PADA LANJUT USIA : STUDI LITERATUR

Background: Dysphagia can lead to a decrease in nutritional status and increased risk of malnutrition in the elderly. The incidence of dysphagia often undetected, especially among the elderly in the community, causes the prevalence of the elderly at risk of dysphagia in the elderly to increase.Objective: The aims of this literature study was to review the latest research related to dysphagia with malnutriton in the elderly. Method: The search for 2011 – 2021 English-language articles was carried out on the PubMed, SpringerLink, ScienceDirect, DOAJ, and ResearchGate databases using the keyword Dysphagia AND (Nutritional Status OR Malnutrition) AND Elderly and it was found that 16 articles were selected based on inclusion criteria, including articles with elderly subjects aged ≥65 years in the community, a minimum sample of 50 respondents, a cross sectional and prospective cohort study, analyzed the relationship between variables, and data collection using valid instruments by a trained people.Result: Dysphagia independently had a significant relationship with nutritional status in elderly, could reduce oral food intake and lead to decrease in nutritional status due to nutrient deficiency. It was known that differences in instruments, characteristics and number of samples as well as the timing of malnutrition can affect the relationship between variables. Other factors such as teeth condition, body composition and tongue pressure might also be associated with dysphagia and malnutrition. Conclusion: The existence of a relationship between the two variables found in most of the studies indicates that dysphagia is an important factor that can lead to malnutrition in elderlyKeywords: Elderly; Dysphagia; Malnutrition