Renal profile and urinary fractional excretion of calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium of lambs fed with different contents of phosphorus

Obstructive urolithiasis is common in confined sheep, and a predominant factor predisposing animals to this condition is nutritional management. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of phosphorus (P) on urinalysis, serum urea and creatinine, and serum and urine concentrations of calcium (Ca), P, and magnesium (Mg), as well as to establish the fractional excretion (FE) of these elements in confined lambs. Thirty male Santa Inês x Ile de France sheep at four months of age were divided into two groups according to the diet: Group 1 (G1, n = 15), with 0.43% P in their feed; and Group 2 (G2, n = 15) with 0.65% P. The diets consisting of 10% Coast-cross hay and 90% of a concentrate of soybean meal, wheat, and crushed corn were provided for 90 consecutive days, with water ad libitum. The time points (M) of blood and urine collection were determined as M0, immediately before the beginning of the diet, and at 15-day intervals: M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, and M6. Phosphorous-rich diets favored the appearance of triple phosphate crystals in both groups, causing calculogenesis in more than one third of the animals (11/30), emphasizing the relevance of conducting laboratory tests to aid in urolithiasis diagnosis. In addition, FE revealed an increased renal excretion of excess minerals in the diet, and therefore a greater predisposition for stone formation in relation to nutritional management.

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Clinical and anatomopathological study of urolithiasis in feedlot lambs subjected to diets with different phosphorus concentrations

Ciência Animal Brasileira ◽

10.1590/1809-6891v22e-67849 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 ◽

Author(s):

Bianca Paola Santarosa ◽

Danilo Otávio Laurenti Ferreira ◽

Soraya Regina Sacco Surian ◽

Tália Missen Tremori ◽

Henrique Barbosa Hooper ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Management ◽

Urinary System ◽

Histopathological Changes ◽

Urethral Catheterization ◽

Vascular Congestion ◽

Tubular Lumen ◽

Ad Libitum ◽

Feedlot Lambs ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

Abstract Obstructive urolithiasis is common in farmed sheep and has a multifactorial etiology, but inadequate nutritional management is considered the most relevant condition for its occurrence. The objectives of this study were to verify the influence of two diets with different concentrations of calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) on the development of obstructive urolithiasis, and to describe the clinical and anatomopathological findings of the urinary system in sheep. Thirty male crossbred Santa Inês and Ile de France lambs were randomly distributed into two groups: Group 1 (G1, n = 15) - Ca: 1.9:1 P and 0.42% P; Group 2 (G2, n = 15) - Ca: P 1.5:1 and 0.65% P. The diets consisting of Coast-cross hay, soybean meal, wheat, and corn were provided for 90 consecutive days with water ad libitum. After the diagnosis of the disease, the lambs were subjected to clinical and surgical treatment, when necessary. Urolithiasis was detected in 36.7% (11/30) of lambs, 26.7% were asymptomatic and 10% (3/30) had urethral obstruction. A lamb was unobstructed after amputation of the urethral process and urethral catheterization, one died of bladder and uroperitoneum rupture, and another was sacrificed after the failure of perineal urethrostomy and cystostomy. The most frequent renal histopathological changes were vascular congestion, dilation, and tubular degeneration. Proteins in the tubular lumen were more pronounced in G2. The diets were rich in concentrate and had adequate Ca:P ratios, but caused calculogenesis, showing that excess minerals and a small amount of roughage can cause disease in the herd.

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Renal effect of vitamin D metabolites: evidence for the essential role of the 25(OH) group

AJP Renal Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajprenal.1983.244.6.f674 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 244 (6) ◽

pp. F674-F678 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M. M. Friedlaender ◽

Z. Kornberg ◽

H. Wald ◽

M. M. Popovtzer

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin D3 ◽

Essential Role ◽

Fractional Excretion ◽

Vitamin D Metabolites ◽

Group 2 ◽

Fractional Excretion Of Phosphate ◽

Group 1

The effects of 1 alpha (OH)vitamin D3 [1 alpha (OH)D3] and 24,25(OH)2vitamin D3 [24,25(OH)2D3] on the phosphaturic action of parathyroid hormone (PTH) were studied in two groups of parathyroidectomized (PTX) rats. In group 1, PTX PTH-infused rats received intravenous 1 alpha (OH)D3, and in group 2, PTX PTH-infused rats received intravenous 24,25(OH)2D3. PTX PTH-infused rats served as controls. The effects of both vitamin D metabolites on renal PTH-activated adenylate cyclase (AC) were studied in vitro. In group 1, PTH increased fractional excretion of phosphate (CP/CIn) from 0.045 +/- 0.012 (+/- SE) to 0.263 +/- 0.011 (P less than 0.005). 1 alpha (OH)D3 failed to influence this response. In group 2, PTH increased CP/CIn from 0.055 +/- 0.008 to 0.289 +/- 0.027 (P less than 0.005). 24,25(OH)2D3 reduced the PTH-induced rise in CP/CIn from 0.289 +/- 0.027 to 0.192 +/- 0.021 (P less than 0.01) and decreased the urinary excretion of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate. In vitro, 24,25(OH)2D3 blunted the PTH-activated AC, whereas 1 alpha (OH)D3 had no effect. These results show that 24,25(OH)D3, similar to two other 25(OH) metabolites of vitamin D-25(OH)vitamin D3 and 1,25(OH)2vitamin D3-suppresses the phosphaturic action of PTH, whereas 1 alpha(OH)D3, which is devoid of a 25(OH) group, lacks this effect. This suggests that a 25(OH) group is a prerequisite for the antiphosphaturic effect of vitamin D, whereas the 1 alpha (OH) group is not essential for this action.

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Evidence for interference of 25(OH)vitamin D3 with phosphaturic action of glucagon

AJP Renal Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajprenal.1981.240.4.f269 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 240 (4) ◽

pp. F269-F275 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M. M. Popovtzer ◽

H. Wald

Keyword(s):

Adenylate Cyclase ◽

Vitamin D3 ◽

Fractional Excretion ◽

Camp Level ◽

Kidney Slices ◽

Group 3 ◽

Camp System ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

The effect of 25(OH)vitamin D3 [25(OH)D3] on the phosphaturic action of glucagon was studied using clearance techniques in the following groups of rats: group 1, parathyroidectomized (PTX) glucagon-infused rats receiving intravenous 25(OH)D3; group 2, PTX 25(OH)D3-pretreated rats receiving intravenous glucagon; and group 3, the thyroparathyroidectomized glucagon-infused rats receiving intravenous 25(OH)D3. The effect of 25(OH)D3 on glucagon-induced increase of cAMP in kidney slices and glucagon-activated adenylate cyclase (AC) in kidney membrane fractions was studied in vitro. In group 1, 25(OH)D3 suppressed the glucagon-induced phosphaturia by reducing fractional excretion of phosphorus (CP/CIn) from 0.175 +/- 0.02 (mean +/- SE) to 0.112 +/- 0.12 (P less than 0.05); this was associated with a reduction of urinary cAMP from 1,830 +/- 230 to 660 +/- 120 pmol/min (P less than 0.01). In group 2, pretreatment with 25(OH)D3 reduced CP/CIn from 0.221 +/- 0.025 to 0.108 +/- 0.012 (P less than 0.005). In group 3, 25(OH)D3 reduced CP/CIn from 0.165 +/- 0.012 to 0.075 +/- 0.011 (P less than 0.005). In vitro, 25(OH)D3 blunted the glucagon-induced activation of the AC/cAMP system by reducing AC from 570 +/- 30 to 325 +/- 28 pmol cAMP.mg protein-1.h-1 (P less than 0.01) and the cAMP level from 11.2 +/- 0.9 to 8.5 +/- 0.7 pmol cAMP/g wet tissue (P less than 0.05). These results show that 25(OH)D3 blunts the phosphaturic action of glucagon and suggest that this response may be mediated through suppression of the AC/cAMP system.

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Influence of Sodium on Experimental Renovascular Hypertension in Rats

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs059149s ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 59 (s6) ◽

pp. 149s-151s ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

C. M. Taquini ◽

A. Gallo ◽

N. Basso ◽

A. C. Taquini

Keyword(s):

Plasma Renin Activity ◽

Control Period ◽

Plasma Renin ◽

Diet Group ◽

Renin Activity ◽

Sodium Diet ◽

Low Sodium Diet ◽

Low Sodium ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

1. Rats on normal sodium diet (group 1) and on chronically maintained low sodium diet (group 2) were studied during a control period, after clipping the renal artery (two-kidney, one-clip hypertension) and after nephrectomy (one-kidney, one-clip hypertension). 2. The low sodium diet neither prevented the development nor changed the severity of two-kidney, one-clip hypertension, and the latter was not accompanied by an increase in plasma renin activity. 3. After nephrectomy arterial pressure further increased and plasma renin activity decreased in group 1, and both remained unchanged in group 2. 4. Blood volume was the same in both groups 10 days before and 10 days after nephrectomy. 5. Sodium does not seem to be ‘necessary’ in the two-kidney, one-clip hypertension although it may play an enhancing role in the one-kidney model.

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Nutrient fluxes and environmental performance indicators for a pasture-based dairy system

Acta Scientiarum Animal Sciences ◽

10.4025/actascianimsci.v42i1.48615 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

pp. e48615

Author(s):

Julio Cesar Pascele Palhares ◽

Taisla Inara Novelli ◽

Marcela Morelli

Keyword(s):

Performance Indicators ◽

Environmental Performance ◽

Nutrient Fluxes ◽

Nutritional Management ◽

Lactating Cows ◽

Protein Group ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Group 2 ◽

Environmental Performance Indicators ◽

Group 1

The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutrient fluxes for lactating cows in a pasture-based dairy system and the impact of a nutritional management strategy on the environmental performance indicators. Fourteen lactating cows were divided into two experimental groups with seven animals each. The nutritional managements were a diet containing 20% crude protein (Group 1) and a diet with adjusted protein (Group 2). The nutrient budget was calculated on a monthly basis for nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. The nutritional strategy of adjusted protein reduces the total surplus in the lactation period for nitrogen by 7.6% and for phosphorus by 6.3%. The total potassium surplus of the adjusted protein group was 8.5% higher. The average nitrogen use efficiency was 21% for group 1 and 22.7% for group 2. Phosphorus use efficiency ranged from 13.4 to 35% for group 1 and from 15.5 to 34% for group 2 and potassium average use efficiency was 14.2% for group 1 and 12.6% for group 2. Nutritional management reduced nitrogen and phosphorus surpluses as well as the values of the environmental performance indicator. Based on this, it is possible to improve the environmental efficiency of dairy systems through improved nutritional management.

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Prevention of hypercalcemia-induced renal concentrating defect and tissue calcium accumulation

AJP Renal Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajprenal.1986.251.4.f642 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 251 (4) ◽

pp. F642-F646

Author(s):

D. C. Harris ◽

P. A. Gabow ◽

S. L. Linas ◽

D. E. Rosendale ◽

S. P. Guggenheim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Solute Concentration ◽

Diet Group ◽

Urinary Concentration ◽

Low Phosphorus ◽

Calcium Reabsorption ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2 ◽

Urinary Concentrating Ability ◽

Group 1 ◽

Concentrating Defect

The mechanism of the concentrating defect of hypercalcemia is explored by examining the effect of concomitant phosphate restriction. Rats were pair fed a normal phosphorus diet, without (group 1) or with dihydrotachysterol (group 2), or a low-phosphorus diet (group 3). Hypercalcemia was comparable in groups 2 (12.1 +/- 0.6 mg/dl) and 3 (11.8 +/- 0.4 mg/dl), but serum phosphate was lower in group 3 than group 2 (3.8 +/- 0.7 vs. 7.1 +/- 1.1 mg/dl, P less than 0.005). Group 2 rats had impaired maximum urinary concentration after 24 h of fluid deprivation (2,441 +/- 450 mosmol/kg H2O, P less than 0.001) compared with group 1 (3,263 +/- 466 mosmol/kg H2O) or group 3 (3,332 +/- 515 mosmol/kg H2O) animals. Polydipsia and polyuria were found in group 2 rats only. Tubular calcium reabsorption was higher in group 2 (83.1 +/- 33.5 mg/24 h, P less than 0.001) than group 1 (47.0 +/- 26.1 mg/24 h) or group 3 (52.8 +/- 19.3 mg/24 h) animals, and medullary calcium concentration was higher in group 2 (7.57 +/- 3.08 nmol/mg dry wt, P less than 0.05) as compared to group 1 (5.04 +/- 1.37 nmol/mg dry wt) or group 3 (5.32 +/- 0.98 nmol/mg dry wt) rats. Total medullary solute concentration was significantly higher in group 3 than group 2 animals. Thus phosphate restriction prevents the defect of urinary concentrating ability of chronic hypercalcemia, probably by decreasing tubular uptake and tissue accumulation of calcium.

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Selected blood parameters in organically raised hens fed with purple coneflower supplemented diet**

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia Naturae ◽

10.24917/25438832.3supp.10 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Ewa Sosnówka-Czajka ◽

Iwona Skomorucha

Keyword(s):

Organic Farming ◽

Echinacea Purpurea ◽

Blood Parameters ◽

Diet Group ◽

Organic Layer ◽

Poultry Farm ◽

Blood Picture ◽

Purple Coneflower ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of dietary addition of dried purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench) on selected blood parameters of chicks and hens of the native ‘Greenleg Partridge’ breed (Z-11), maintained on a certified poultry farm according to organic farming principles. Birds were divided into two groups according to diet: organic layer diet (group 1), and the same diet supplemented with certified purple coneflower from 20 weeks of age at 10 g/kg feed (group 2). Layers were fed the certified layer diet (17% protein and 11.1 MJ ME/kg diet) following organic farming principles. Experimental incubations were performed at 34 wks of age. Blood was collected from laying hens at 34 wks and from newly hatched chicks at one day of age to determine selected blood parameters. The organically raised ‘Greenleg Partridge’ hens and chicks responded to the purple coneflower supplement by changes in blood picture, which are important indicators of avian health and condition. As in Z-11 chicks, purple coneflower supplemented to the layer diet reduced the H:L ratio and induced a tendency for higher level of the immunoglobulin complex and IgG in blood, which shows their better living comfort and higher immunity. Dietary purple coneflower was observed to have no effect on the level of hematocrit, erythrocytes and leukocytes. High individual variation occurred for the immunoglobulin complex and IgG in the organically raised ‘Greenleg Partridge’ hens.

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NORMALIZATION OF THE METABOLISM OF ESSENTIAL FATTY ACIDS OF PHOSOLIPIDS OF THE LIVER OF RATS RECEIVED WITH PALM OIL ON THE BACKGROUND OF DISBIOSIS BY THE PHYTOPREPARATION “KVERTULIN”

Fitoterapia ◽

10.33617/2522-9680-2021-1-35 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 35-39

Author(s):

A. P. Levitsky ◽

◽

A. V. Markov ◽

T. I. Pupin ◽

V. M. Zubachik ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Gas Chromatography ◽

Palm Oil ◽

Essential Fatty Acids ◽

Diet Group ◽

Pufa Content ◽

Activity Of Enzymes ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

Keywords: liver, phospholipids, essential fatty acids, palm oil, dysbiosis, herbal medicine. Aim. To study the effect of the phytopreparation kvertulin on the processes of biosynthesis of PUFA of liver phospholipids in rats treated with palm oil against the background of dysbiosis. Methods. Rats consumed a fat-free diet (group 1), a diet with 15 % palm oil (group 2), a diet with 15 % palm oil on the background of experimental dysbiosis (group 3) and a diet with 15 % palm oil on background of dysbiosis + kvertulin. The duration of the experiment is 40 days. The content of fatty acids in liver phospholipids was determined by gas chromatography. The ratio of the PUFA content was used to calculate the “activity” of ω-3-desaturase, the intensity of synthesis of arachidonic acid, and the intensity of synthesis of docosahexaenoic acid. Results: In rats of the 3rd group, which received palm oil against the background of dysbiosis, there was a decrease in the content of ω-3 PUFA, an increase in the ratio of ω-6 / ω-3 PUFA, and a decrease in the “activity” of ω-3-desaturase. In rats of the 4th group, which received kvertulin, the content of PUFA was completely restored and the “activity” of enzymes of their biosynthesis was normalized. Conclusion. The use of the phytopreparation kvertulin normalizes the endogenous biosynthesis of PUFA of liver phospholipids in rats consuming palm oil against the background of dysbiosis.

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The effect of inulin on new and on patent infections ofTrichuris suisin growing pigs

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182006000977 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 134 (1) ◽

pp. 121-127 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

S. PETKEVIČIUS ◽

L. E. THOMSEN ◽

K. E. BACH KNUDSEN ◽

K. D. MURRELL ◽

A. ROEPSTORFF ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Female Worm ◽

Diet Group ◽

Growing Pigs ◽

Standard Diet ◽

Trichuris Suis ◽

Group 4 ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2 ◽

Standard Diet Group ◽

Group 1

The objective of this experiment was to investigate the potential influence of inulin on the establishment of new and patent infections ofTrichuris suisin growing pigs. Two experimental diets were formulated based on barley flour with either added insoluble fibre from oat husk (Diet 1) or a pure inulin (16%) supplementation (Diet 2). Twenty-eight 10-week-old pigs were divided randomly into 4 groups (Groups 1–4) each of 7 pigs. After 3 weeks adaptation to the experimental diets all pigs were infected with a single dose of 2000 infectiveT. suiseggs. Group 1 was fed Diet 1 until 7 weeks post-infection (p.i.) and Group 3 until 9 weeks p.i., Group 2 was fed Diet 2 until 7 weeks p.i., Group 4 was fed Diet 1 until week 7 p.i. and was switched-over from Diet 1 to Diet 2 until week 9 p.i. Seven weeks p.i. pigs in Groups 1 and 2 were slaughtered, and pigs in Groups 3 and 4 were slaughtered at 9 weeks p.i.Trichuris suisworm burdens were determined for all pigs. Inulin-fed pigs (Group 2) exhibited an 87% reduction in EPG, compared to the pigs on standard diet (Group 1) (P<0·0001). The number of worms recovered at week 7 p.i. from pigs on the inulin diet (Group 2) was significantly reduced by 71%, compared to the pigs on standard diet (Group 1) (P<0·01). At week 9, worm recovery in pigs on the inulin diet switch protocol (Group 4) was reduced by 47% compared to the control pigs in Group 3 (P<0·01). Further, the inulin-fed pigs exhibited a significant reduction in female worm fecundity and worm large intestine location was more distal compared to those from pigs on standard diet. These results demonstrate that inclusion of the highly degradable fructose polymer inulin in the diet leads to significant reductions inT. suisestablishment, egg excretion, and female worm fecundity and can be used as a treatment for patent infections.

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Dissociation of renal blood flow and filtration rate autoregulation by renin depletion

AJP Renal Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajprenal.1977.232.3.f215 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 232 (3) ◽

pp. F215-F221 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

J. E. Hall ◽

A. C. Guyton ◽

A. W. Cowley

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Renal Blood Flow ◽

Filtration Rate ◽

Diet Group ◽

Normal Diet ◽

Filtration Fraction ◽

High Sodium ◽

Control Value ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

Renal blood flow (RBF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) autoregulation during changes in renal artery pressure (RAP) were examined in dogs fed a "normal" diet (group 1, n = 10) and in renin-depleted dogs (group 2, n = 11) which received a high-sodium diet and deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) injections for a minimum of 21 days prior to the study. Renal venous plasma renin activity was undetectable in group 2 by radioimmunoassay of angiotensin I and did not increase even when RAP was reduced to less than 70 mmHg. Autoregulation of RBF was not impaired by renin depletion. However, GFR autoregulation, which was very effective in group 1 dogs, was markedly impaired in group 2. Average GFR in group 2 decreased progressively to 58 +/- 7% of the control value as RAP was reduced in steps from the control value of 137 +/- 3 to 69 +/- 1 mmHg. In normal dogs, the filtration fraction either increased slightly or did not change when RAP was reduced in steps, whereas in renin-depleted dogs the filtration fraction decreased progressively during reductions in RAP. Thus, chronic sodium loading and DOCA administration causes renin depletion and dissociates the autoregulation of RBF and GFR. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that the renin-angiotensin system participates in the control of GFR, possibly by an efferent arteriolar mechanism.

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