Clinical and anatomopathological study of urolithiasis in feedlot lambs subjected to diets with different phosphorus concentrations

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bianca Paola Santarosa ◽  
Danilo Otávio Laurenti Ferreira ◽  
Soraya Regina Sacco Surian ◽  
Tália Missen Tremori ◽  
Henrique Barbosa Hooper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Management ◽  
Urinary System ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Urethral Catheterization ◽  
Vascular Congestion ◽  
Tubular Lumen ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Feedlot Lambs ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Obstructive urolithiasis is common in farmed sheep and has a multifactorial etiology, but inadequate nutritional management is considered the most relevant condition for its occurrence. The objectives of this study were to verify the influence of two diets with different concentrations of calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) on the development of obstructive urolithiasis, and to describe the clinical and anatomopathological findings of the urinary system in sheep. Thirty male crossbred Santa Inês and Ile de France lambs were randomly distributed into two groups: Group 1 (G1, n = 15) - Ca: 1.9:1 P and 0.42% P; Group 2 (G2, n = 15) - Ca: P 1.5:1 and 0.65% P. The diets consisting of Coast-cross hay, soybean meal, wheat, and corn were provided for 90 consecutive days with water ad libitum. After the diagnosis of the disease, the lambs were subjected to clinical and surgical treatment, when necessary. Urolithiasis was detected in 36.7% (11/30) of lambs, 26.7% were asymptomatic and 10% (3/30) had urethral obstruction. A lamb was unobstructed after amputation of the urethral process and urethral catheterization, one died of bladder and uroperitoneum rupture, and another was sacrificed after the failure of perineal urethrostomy and cystostomy. The most frequent renal histopathological changes were vascular congestion, dilation, and tubular degeneration. Proteins in the tubular lumen were more pronounced in G2. The diets were rich in concentrate and had adequate Ca:P ratios, but caused calculogenesis, showing that excess minerals and a small amount of roughage can cause disease in the herd.

scholarly journals The Effects of Production System and Sex on the Sensory Quality Characteristics of Dorper Lamb

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 725
Author(s):  
Louwrens Christiaan Hoffman ◽  
Bianca Claasen ◽  
Daniël André Van der Merwe ◽  
Schalk Willem Petrus Cloete ◽  
Jasper Johannes Erasmus Cloete
Keyword(s):  
Production System ◽  
Sensory Quality ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Free Range ◽  
Ram Lambs ◽  
Feedlot Lambs ◽  
Pelleted Diet ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

The effect of production systems on the sensory quality characteristics of Dorper lambs was investigated. Sixty lambs (ewes, rams, castrates) were allocated into two production groups (feedlot or free-range) at weaning with equal numbers of each sex represented in each group. The lambs were fed for five (slaughter group 1) or six (slaughter group 2) weeks. Feedlot lambs were fed a commercial pelleted diet while free-range lambs utilized natural shrub pastures. Samples of the Longissimus thoracis muscle were used for sensory evaluation. Feedlot lambs produced meat that was juicier and more tender than meat from free-range lambs. Initial juiciness was also higher in the meat from the feedlot lambs. No aroma or flavour differences were observed. The meat from the free-range ram lambs (slaughter group 1) was the least tender, whereas the lamb flavour was also compromised in the free-range ram lambs. Free-range meat may not necessarily be distinguished from feedlot meat as far as aroma and flavour are concerned.

scholarly journals Herb-Drug Interaction: Effects of Relinqing® Granule on the Pharmacokinetics of Ciprofloxacin, Sulfamethoxazole, and Trimethoprim in Rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Lu ◽  
ZiPeng Gong ◽  
YuMin Xie ◽  
Jie Pan ◽  
Jia Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Interaction ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Urinary System ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Sd Rats ◽  
Chinese Patent ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
And Control ◽  
Group 1

Relinqing granule (RLQ) is the best-selling Chinese patent drug for treatment of urinary system diseases. In this study, the effects of RLQ on the pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole, and trimethoprim in SD rats were investigated. Rats were randomly divided into control group 1, control group 2, RLQ group 1, and RLQ group 2. RLQ group 1 and RLQ group 2 were treated orally with RLQ for 7 days, and rats were treated with the same volume of water in control group 1 and control group 2. Then, RLQ group 1 and control group 1 were given intragastrically ciprofloxacin on day 8, while RLQ group 2 and control group 2 were given intragastrically sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim on day 8. Blood samples were collected and determined. There was no significant influence of pharmacokinetic parameters of trimethoprim on two groups. But some pharmacokinetic parameters of ciprofloxacin and sulfamethoxazole in RLQ pretreated rats were evidently altered (P < 0.05), which indicated that absorption of ciprofloxacin and sulfamethoxazole in RLQ pretreated rats was significantly affected. It indicated the coadministration of RLQ would have an influence on the efficacy of ciprofloxacin and sulfamethoxazole, and the doses of ciprofloxacin tablet and compound sulfamethoxazole tablet need adjustment.

scholarly journals Histopathological changes of some internal organs in broilers fed T-2 Toxin

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Shereen K. K.
Keyword(s):  
Control Diet ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Bursa Of Fabricius ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Microscopical Examination ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Target Organs ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Forty, one-day-old male broiler chicks (Ross 308), were randomly distributed at one day of age to 2 experimental groups consisting of 10 birds with two replicates for 35 days. Group 1 fed control diet with no T-2 toxin (negative control),while group 2 fed T-2 toxin contaminated diet at a rate of 4 ppm. Scarifying birds done at the end of the experiment, bursa of Fabricius, spleen, liver, kidney and intestine, were sectioned for microscopical examination . Results showed that T-2 toxin, was hepatotoxic, nephrotoxic, toxic to lymphatic tissue, haemopoetic tissue, and gastrointestinal tissues. And these organs are considered to be the target organs for T-2 toxin which primarily affected during T-2 toxicosis.

scholarly journals Nutrient fluxes and environmental performance indicators for a pasture-based dairy system

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e48615
Author(s):  
Julio Cesar Pascele Palhares ◽  
Taisla Inara Novelli ◽  
Marcela Morelli
Keyword(s):  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Nutrient Fluxes ◽  
Nutritional Management ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Protein Group ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Environmental Performance Indicators ◽  
Group 1

The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutrient fluxes for lactating cows in a pasture-based dairy system and the impact of a nutritional management strategy on the environmental performance indicators. Fourteen lactating cows were divided into two experimental groups with seven animals each. The nutritional managements were a diet containing 20% crude protein (Group 1) and a diet with adjusted protein (Group 2). The nutrient budget was calculated on a monthly basis for nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. The nutritional strategy of adjusted protein reduces the total surplus in the lactation period for nitrogen by 7.6% and for phosphorus by 6.3%. The total potassium surplus of the adjusted protein group was 8.5% higher. The average nitrogen use efficiency was 21% for group 1 and 22.7% for group 2. Phosphorus use efficiency ranged from 13.4 to 35% for group 1 and from 15.5 to 34% for group 2 and potassium average use efficiency was 14.2% for group 1 and 12.6% for group 2. Nutritional management reduced nitrogen and phosphorus surpluses as well as the values of the environmental performance indicator. Based on this, it is possible to improve the environmental efficiency of dairy systems through improved nutritional management.

scholarly journals Lunch at school and children’s cognitive functioning in the early afternoon: results from the Cognition Intervention Study Dortmund Continued (CoCo)

2016 ◽  
Vol 116 (7) ◽  
pp. 1298-1305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maike Schröder ◽  
Katrin Müller ◽  
Michael Falkenstein ◽  
Peter Stehle ◽  
Mathilde Kersting ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
School Lunch ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Early Afternoon ◽  
Working Memory Updating ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

AbstractStudies about effects of school lunch on children’s cognition are rare; two previous studies (CogniDo, CogniDo PLUS) generally found no negative effects of lunch on children’s cognitive performance at the end of lunch break (i.e. 45 min after finishing lunch), but suggested potential beneficial effects for single parameters. Therefore, the present study investigated the hypothesis of potential positive effects of school lunch on cognitive performance at early afternoon (90 min after finishing lunch). A randomised, cross-over intervention trial was conducted at a comprehensive school with fifth and sixth grade students. Participants were randomised into two groups: On day 1, group 1 did not eat lunch, whereas group 2 received lunch ad libitum. On day 2 (1 week later), group 2 did not eat lunch and group 1 received lunch ad libitum. The cognitive parameters task switching, working memory updating and alertness were tested using a computerised test battery 90 min after finishing the meal. Of the 204 recruited children, fifty were excluded because of deviations from the study protocol or absence on one of the 2 test days, which resulted in 154 participants. Data showed no significant effects of lunch on task switching, working memory updating and alertness (P values between 0·07 and 0·79). The present study suggests that school lunch does not seem to have beneficial effects on children’s cognitive functions regarding the conducted tests at early afternoon. Together with our previous studies, we conclude that school lunch in general has no negative effects on cognitive performance in children. However, beneficial effects seem to be restricted to a relatively short time period after eating lunch.

Performance of sows first mated at puberty or second or third oestrus, and carcass assessment of once-bred gilts

1977 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. MacPherson ◽  
F. D. Deb Hovell ◽  
A. S. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Restricted Feeding ◽  
The Third ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Conception Rates ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

SUMMARY1. Of 80 gilts reared on a restricted plane of nutrition, 75 were allocated to one of four groups. Group 1; 17 gilts mated at puberty were slaughtered after farrowing their first litter. Group 2; 20 gilts mated at puberty were observed for three parities. Group 3; 18 gilts mated at second oestrus were observed for three parties. Group 4; 18 gilts mated at third oestrus were observed for three parities. Group 5; nine additional gilts reared on feed ad libitum and mated at first oestrus were observed for three parities. All animals received the same ration after the first mating.2. The mean age (±SD) of the restricted gilts at puberty was 186 ± 17 days at a weight of 89 ± 9 kg. The gilts fed ad libitum were significantly (P<0·01) older and heavier at puberty (203 ± 15 days and 120 ± 27 kg).3. Conception rates were 83, 86, 94 and 82% for Groups 1 and 2 combined, 3, 4 and 5 respectively.4. Gilts mated at first, second and third oestrus produced, respectively, 7·8, 9·8 and 10·4 ± 2·2 piglets in the first parity. Group 5 gilts had 11·0 ± 2·2 piglets. All significant differences were confined to the first parity.5. By the end of the third parity there were no differences between the restricted gilts mated at first, second or third oestrus in total number of piglets born or reared.6. The gilts slaughtered (at 135 kg) after producing one litter yielded carcasses which were heavier but leaner than those from contemporary maiden gilts grown to 120 kg on a semi-restricted feeding scale.

scholarly journals Lesion Scores, Oocysts Output, Hematological and Histopathological Changes of the 7 Days Life Cycle of Eimeria Tenella in Broilers.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tippayaporn Nonkookhetkhong ◽  
Thanyakorn Chalalai
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Eimeria Tenella ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Weight Losses ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Wbc Count ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Eimeria tenella is a protozoa which is a causative agent of avian cecal coccidiosis. The disease results in bleeding, diarrhea, weight losses, high morbidity and mortality in chickens. This study investigated lesion scores, oocysts output, hematological and histopathological changes of the 7 days life cycle of E. tenella. Fifty-six, broilers were randomly divided into 2 groups of which group 1 were uninfected and group 2 were infected with 2x104 E. tenella oocysts. Lesion scores and oocyst output of the infected group were significantly higher than in the uninfected group at 5, 6 and 7 dpi (p < 0.05). PCV was significantly lower than in the uninfected group at 3 to 7 dpi (p < 0.05). WBC count was significantly higher than in the uninfected group at 4 dpi (p < 0.05). Lymphocytes and heterophils were significantly higher than in the uninfected group at 4 dpi (p < 0.05). Monocytes were significantly higher than in the uninfected group from 3 to 5 dpi (p < 0.05). The developmental stages of E. tenella in cecum tissue during the 7 days life cycle included trophozoite at 2 dpi, first generation of schizonts at 3 dpi, secondary generation of merozoites and schizonts at 4 and 5 dpi and gametocytes and oocysts at 6 and 7 dpi. These finding suggest that monocytes were the most effective white blood cell on E. tenella infection and secondary generation schizonts was the most pathogenic developmental stage of E. tenella.

scholarly journals The Effect of Propofol on Onset and Sedation in Diabetic Mellitus Rat (Rattus norvegicus)

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erwin Erwin ◽  
Rusli Rusli ◽  
Zuraidawati Zuraidawati ◽  
Fadillah Irwansyah
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Mellitus ◽  
Wistar Strain ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

This research aimed to examine the time of onset and sedation on diabetic mellitus (DM) rat (Rattus norvegicus) by propofol. This study used 8 female wistar rats 2-3 months old and 150-200 grams of bodyweight, fed with standard feed and water ad libitum. Samples were divided into two groups. Group 1 (KI) as a control group was injected intraperitoneally with aloxan solvent and group 2 (KII) was injected intraperitoneally with 150 mg/kg bodyweight aloxan. Blood glucose was checked 10 days after aloxan injection, DM was categorized if the blood glucose over 150 mg/dl. All rats were injected intravenously with propofol 1% with the dose of 10 mg/kg bodyweight. Onset and sedation time was counted using stopwatch after propofol injection. The result showed that mean (±SD) of onset on KI and KII were 1.39±0.49 and 8.64±1.23 seconds, consecutively and they were significantly different at P0.01. Whilst mean (±SD) of sedation KI and KII were 12.12±1.47 minutes and 7.62±1.61 minutes, respectively. The onset and sedation time of KI was significantly different from KII P0.01. The conclusion of this research was DM affects time of onset and sedation when wistar strain rats were anesthetized by 1% propofol.Key words: rats, diabetic mellitus, propofol, onset, sedation

scholarly journals Carcass quality in restricted and ad libitum fed rabbits

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 214-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Tůmová ◽  
L. Zita ◽  
L. Štolc
Keyword(s):  
Liver Weight ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

The effect of the length and intensity of feed restriction on carcass quality characteristics was studied in two experiments. In the first experiment rabbits were restricted 1 or 3 weeks. Group 1 was fed ad libitum, group 2 was restricted from 35 to 42 days of age (50 g per day/rabbit), group 3 was restricted from 42 to 49 days of age (65 g per day/rabbit), group 4 was restricted from 56 to 63 days of age (90 g per day/rabbit) and group 5 was restricted three weeks, from 35 to 42 days of age (50 g per day/rabbit), 42 to 49 days of age (65 g per day/rabbit) and from 56 to 63 days of age (90 g per day/rabbit). Rabbits were slaughtered at the age of 84 days. In the second experiment the rabbits were restricted between 42 and 56 days of age and the rabbits were divided into three groups. Group 1 was fed ad libitum, the rabbits in group 2 got 50 g of feed at the age of 42 to 49 days and 65 g of feed at the age of 49 to 56 days and in group 3, 50 g and 75 g of feed in the two periods, respectively. Carcass characteristics were evaluated at the age of 49, 56, 63 and 84 days. Restriction did not affect dressing percentage but reduced the weight of loin. Renal fat was detected in restricted rabbits at the age of 63 days whereas in the ad libitum fed ones at 56 days. Renal fat was significantly (P &le; 0.05) reduced in rabbits restricted from 56 days of age (experiment 1, 19.71 g, 19.28 g, 26 g vs. 14.33 g and 11.43 g). Kidney and liver weight was influenced by the restriction and realimentation period. The meat colour and pH (measured 24 h post mortem) were not affected by treatments. &nbsp;

Effect of intermittent feeding on renal hemodynamics in conscious rats

1986 ◽  
Vol 250 (3) ◽  
pp. F566-F572 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Gehrig ◽  
R. L. Jamison ◽  
C. Baylis ◽  
J. L. Troy ◽  
B. M. Brenner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Restriction ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Renal Hemodynamics ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Plasma Protein Concentration ◽  
Conscious Rat ◽  
Fractional Excretion Of Sodium ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

The hemodynamic influences of many forms of dietary restriction have not been studied in the conscious rat. To examine the effect of one regimen of dietary restriction, alternate-day feeding, on renal hemodynamics, we performed 56 clearance studies in 20 unanesthetized, previously catheterized male Sprague-Dawley rats at mean age 30 wk. Group 1 rats (n = 10) were given standard chow only on alternate days for 25 wk and then studied after feeding and after fasting days, whereas group 2 rats (n = 10) were fed ad libitum during the same period and then studied randomly. In group 1, glomerular filtration rate (GFR, clearance of inulin) and renal blood flow [RBF, clearance of PAH/(1 - hematocrit)] increased 23 and 19%, respectively, after feeding days compared with fasting days (GFR, 4.25 vs. 3.47 ml/min, P less than 0.005; RBF, 22.2 vs. 18.6 ml/min, P less than 0.025). After feeding, mean arterial pressure and plasma protein concentration were unchanged, hematocrit increased slightly, and fractional excretion of sodium rose from 0.23 to 0.57%. Both GFR and RBF averaged 31% less in group 1 than in group 2 but, when factored by body weight, the differences were abolished. The results indicate that alternate-day feeding causes substantial oscillations in GFR and RBF in healthy awake rats through mechanisms unlikely to involve changes in extracellular fluid volume alone and limits GFR and RBF to average values markedly lower than those observed for larger ad libitum-fed rats of the same age.

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