Chronic Inflammation in the Pancreas and Salivary Glands - Lessons from Similarities and Differences in Pathophysiology and Treatment Modalities

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 1104-1120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoltan Jr ◽  
Janos Vag ◽  
Anna Foldes ◽  
Krisztina Nagy ◽  
Akos Nagy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Similarities And Differences

scholarly journals Clinicopathological Features and Treatment Outcomes in Parotid Malignancies at Ocean Road Cancer Institute, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement 2) ◽  
pp. 192s-192s
Author(s):  
A. Adatia
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Parotid Gland ◽  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Dar Es Salaam ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Curative Intent ◽  
Geographical Variations ◽  
Pathologic Features

Background: Neoplasms that arise in the salivary glands are relatively rare, yet they represent a wide variety of both benign and malignant histologic subtypes. Tumors of the salivary glands form one of the most heterogeneous groups of oncological pathology. Head and neck tumors represent ∼5% of human neoplasms, and out of these, salivary gland neoplasms constitute 10%. Aim: The challenges faced for parotid gland malignancy are numerous and these factors determine the treatment modality, prognosis and outcome, overall survival, sociodemographic features affecting Tanzanian residents and there is very little knowledge on clinicopathological aspects of parotid gland malignancies diagnosed at a tertiary health center and this study can compare the findings with epidemiologic data from different geographic locations. Methods: A Retrospective study design was used among all patients who had been diagnosed and confirmed histologically with malignant Parotid tumor referred to and treated at Ocean Road Cancer Institute (ORCI) from January 2009-December 2016. Analysis of this retrospective study determined the sociodemographic factors, clinico-pathologic features, treatment outcomes of surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and assessment of 2 years overall survival of parotid malignancies from January 2009 to December 2014. The study was conducted at ORCI in Dar es Salaam. Results: Out of 94 patients with histologically confirmed parotid gland malignancy, more males were affected compared with females with the ratio of 1.18:1 and the mean SD age of patients was 51.9 years. Adenocarcinoma was the most common malignant tumor n = 37 (40%) followed by squamous cell carcinoma n = 18 (19.1%) and the left parotid gland being the most affected site. 44 cases (46.8%) had pathologic grading, grade IV accounting for majority of the grades (27.3%). Stage IV was presented the most n=72 (76.5%) and 8.5% presented with metastasis at diagnosis. 31% of patients were subjected to surgery while 69.1% were deemed to be unfit for surgery due to advanced disease. Radiotherapy was received by n = 82 (95.2%) with 13 patients (14%) subjected to curative intent and 69 patients (86%) subjected to palliative intent. 2 year overall survival for the curative cohort from 2009-2014 is 23% and 11% for the palliative arm. The 2 year overall survival of parotid gland malignancy treated at ORCI is 12%. Conclusion: Clinico-pathologic presentation of parotid gland malignancy seen in this study differs from other studies probably due to geographical variations. More males are affected than women, especially in the middle ages. Adenocarcinoma was the most frequent histology. Two years overall survival from 2009 to 2014 was 12%. Late stage presentation was seen as a problem that needs to addressed to maximize the effectiveness of the treatment, and improve the overall survival. Treatment modalities need to be standardized across health facilities in Tanzania.

scholarly journals Current Prospects for Treatment of Solid Tumors via Photodynamic, Photothermal, or Ionizing Radiation Therapies Combined with Immune Checkpoint Inhibition (A Review)

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 447
Author(s):  
Sanjay Anand ◽  
Timothy A. Chan ◽  
Tayyaba Hasan ◽  
Edward V. Maytin
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Photothermal Therapy ◽  
Clinical Development ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Cancer Tissue ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibition ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Inhibition ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
Similarities And Differences

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) causes selective damage to tumor cells and vasculature and also triggers an anti-tumor immune response. The latter fact has prompted the exploration of PDT as an immune-stimulatory adjuvant. PDT is not the only cancer treatment that relies on electromagnetic energy to destroy cancer tissue. Ionizing radiation therapy (RT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) are two other treatment modalities that employ photons (with wavelengths either shorter or longer than PDT, respectively) and also cause tissue damage and immunomodulation. Research on the three modalities has occurred in different “silos”, with minimal interaction between the three topics. This is happening at a time when immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI), another focus of intense research and clinical development, has opened exciting possibilities for combining PDT, PTT, or RT with ICI to achieve improved therapeutic benefits. In this review, we surveyed the literature for studies that describe changes in anti-tumor immunity following the administration of PDT, PTT, and RT, including efforts to combine each modality with ICI. This information, collected all in one place, may make it easier to recognize similarities and differences and help to identify new mechanistic hypotheses toward the goal of achieving optimized combinations and tumor cures.

scholarly journals Chronic Inflammation and the Acceleration of Chronic Disease States

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 348-348
Author(s):  
Jeremy D Walston
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Inflammatory Mediators ◽  
Degradation Pathway ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Cell Vitality ◽  
Tryptophan Degradation ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Individual

Abstract The chronic activation of the immune system is commonly observed in older adults, and is highly associated with multiple chronic disease states and Geriatric syndromes including physical frailty, sarcopenia and mild cognitive impairment. Chronic inflammation is multifactorial, and the individual inflammatory mediators that drive the development and propagation of disease states impact normal tissue homeostasis as well as stem cell vitality. This session will discuss age-related etiologies of chronic inflammation and specific inflammatory mediators and their measurement, including Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) alpha and its receptors. Inflammation-driven molecular pathways that most impact relevant chronic disease states such as the tryptophan degradation pathway, and its relationship to pathophysiological changes, will also be considered. Finally, discussion of potential treatment modalities, including several emerging from Geroscience research, will be described as will their impact on chronic disease states.

Treatment Modalities

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Martin Kivlighan III ◽  
Dennis M. Kivlighan
Keyword(s):  
Research Literature ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Individual Group ◽  
Helpful Events ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Therapeutic Processes ◽  
Outcome Differences ◽  
New Research ◽  
Meta Analyses

In the first part of this chapter the focus is on research comparing the effectiveness (i.e., psychotherapy outcomes) of various treatment modalities: individual, group, couple, and family therapies. In the second section the discussion shifts to focus on research that examines therapy process similarities and differences across the various treatment modalities. The chapter includes a review of the research literature comparing individual, group, couple, and family treatments. Although there are numerous studies comparing treatment approaches (e.g., cognitive behavior therapy vs. psychodynamic therapy), far fewer studies have compared treatment modalities. For treatment outcome differences, a number of meta-analyses examining similarities and differences across treatment modalities are reviewed, summarized, and critiqued. Exploring differences in therapeutic processes involved reviewing, summarizing, and critiquing studies that examined similarities and differences in the character of the therapeutic alliance, helpful events, and therapist behaviors and techniques. The chapter concludes with recommendations for future research. Two major approaches to new research are recommended: focus on treatment goals and systemic processes and an increased focus on the therapeutic processes that cut across and differentiate the treatment modalities

Nasopharyngeal Warthin's tumour: A metaplastic lesion

1989 ◽  
Vol 103 (6) ◽  
pp. 616-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kristensen ◽  
K. Tveterås ◽  
I. Friedmann ◽  
Per Thomsen
Keyword(s):  
Parotid Gland ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Nasal Polyposis ◽  
Minor Salivary Glands ◽  
Epithelial Component ◽  
Warthin’S Tumour ◽  
Oncocytic Metaplasia

AbstractWarthin's tumour arising from minor salivary glands of the nasopharynx is described in a patient with eosinophilic rhinitis and nasal polyposis. The microscopical features of this lesion were indistinguishable from those of Warthin's tumours of the parotid gland. The present case supports the histogenetic theory that the epithelial component of extraparotid Warthin's tumours represents reactive oncocytic metaplasia and hyperplasia induced by chronic inflammation rather than genuine neoplasia. It is suggested that the term Warthin's tumour is preferable to designations indicating neoplasia of these extraparotid lesions which are indistinguishable histologically and ultrastructurally from parotid and juxtaparotid adenolymphomas.

Ultrastructural Analysis of the Salivary Glands of Gromphadorhina Portentosa (Schaum)

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 638-639
Author(s):  
P.J. Dailey
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Secretory Vesicles ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Means Of Transmission ◽  
Gromphadorhina Portentosa ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Topographical Relief

The structure of insect salivary glands has been extensively investigated during the past decade; however, none have attempted scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in ultrastructural examinations of these secretory organs. This study correlates fine structure by means of SEM cryofractography with that of thin-sectioned epoxy embedded material observed by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM).Salivary glands of Gromphadorhina portentosa were excised and immediately submerged in cold (4°C) paraformaldehyde-glutaraldehyde fixative1 for 2 hr, washed and post-fixed in 1 per cent 0s04 in phosphosphate buffer (4°C for 2 hr). After ethanolic dehydration half of the samples were embedded in Epon 812 for TEM and half cryofractured and subsequently critical point dried for SEM. Dried specimens were mounted on aluminum stubs and coated with approximately 150 Å of gold in a cold sputtering apparatus.Figure 1 shows a cryofractured plane through a salivary acinus revealing topographical relief of secretory vesicles.

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