scholarly journals The Potential Mechanisms of Exercise-induced Cognitive Protection: A Literature Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (17) ◽  
pp. 1827-1831 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer E. Norman ◽  
Jennifer Rutkowsky ◽  
Sue Bodine ◽  
John C. Rutledge
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Current Literature ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Moderate Exercise ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Beneficial Impact ◽  
Exercise Induced

Dementia has become a major health concern for the aging population of the United States. Studies indicate that participation in moderate exercise, with training, has been shown to have a beneficial impact on cognition. Thus, exercise and its effects on cognitive function has become an important area of research. This review summarizes the current literature on the potential mechanisms of the benefits of exercise for cognitive function.

scholarly journals Addressing Parental Vaccine Hesitancy towards Childhood Vaccines in the United States: A Systematic Literature Review of Communication Interventions and Strategies

Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivia Olson ◽  
Corinne Berry ◽  
Nirbhay Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Health Communication ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Childhood Vaccines ◽  
Communication Interventions

Parental vaccine hesitancy is becoming an increasingly important public health concern in the United States. In March 2020, an assessment of the latest CDC National Immunization Survey data found that more than one-third of U.S. children between the ages of 19 and 35 months were not following the recommended early childhood immunization schedule. Furthermore, a 2019 national survey found that approximately 1 in 4 parents reported serious concerns towards vaccinating their children. Vaccine hesitancy is now associated with a decrease in vaccine coverage and an increase in vaccine-preventable disease outbreaks and epidemics in the United States. Many studies have focused on understanding and defining the new socio-medical term, vaccine hesitancy; few have attempted to summarize past and current health communication interventions and strategies that have been successful or unsuccessful in tackling this growing phenomenon. This systematic literature review will attempt to aid public health professionals with a catalogue of health communication interventions and strategies to ultimately address and prevent parental vaccine hesitancy in the long term. Out of 1239 search results, a total of 75 articles were included for analysis, ranging from systematic reviews, quantitative surveys, and experimental designs to ethnographic and qualitative studies. For the presentation of results, a taxonomy was used to organize communication interventions according to their intended purpose. The catalogue of interventions was further broken down into specific components and themes that were identified in the literature as essential to either the success or failure in preventing and addressing parental vaccine hesitancy towards childhood vaccines.

Medical Malpractice Implications of PSA Testing for Early Detection of Prostate Cancer

1997 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 234-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary McNaughton Collins ◽  
Floyd J. Fowler ◽  
Richard G. Roberts ◽  
Joseph E. Oesterling ◽  
George J. Annas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
United States ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Cancer Society ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Psa Testing ◽  
American Urological Association

Prostate cancer has become a major health concern of male Americans. It is now the most common nondermatologic cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death among men. The incidence of detected prostate cancer rose rapidly in recent years, partly because of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing; it is only now tapering off. Screening for prostate cancer with PSA is widespread in the United States, yet controversial: the American Urological Association recommends PSA screening and the American Cancer Society recommends offering screening; however, the United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) and the American College of Physicians (ACP) recommend against routine screening; and the American Academy of Family Physicians believes that the decision to screen should be left to the patient.

Indigenous perspectives on depression in rural regions of India and the United States

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 539-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason A. Nieuwsma ◽  
Carolyn M. Pepper ◽  
Danielle J. Maack ◽  
Denis G. Birgenheir
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Northern India ◽  
Rocky Mountain Region ◽  
Indigenous Perspectives ◽  
Yoga Meditation

Depression is a major health concern in India, yet indigenous Indian perspectives on depression have often been disregarded in favor of Western conceptualizations. The present study used quantitative and qualitative measures modeled on the Explanatory Model Interview Catalogue (EMIC) to elicit beliefs about the symptoms, causes, treatments, and stigma associated with depression. Data were collected from 92 students at a university in the Himalayan region of Northern India and from 97 students at a university in the Rocky Mountain region of the United States. U.S. participants in this study were included primarily to approximate a “Western baseline” (in which professional conceptions of depression are predominantly rooted) from which to elucidate Indian perspectives. Compared to U.S. participants, Indian participants were more likely to view restive symptoms (e.g., irritation, anxiety, difficulty thinking) as common features of depression, to view depression as the result of personally controllable causes (e.g., failure), to endorse social support and spiritual reflection or relaxation (e.g., yoga, meditation) as useful means for dealing with depression, and to associate stigma with depression. Efforts aimed at reducing depression among Indians should focus more on implementing effective and culturally acceptable interventions, such as yoga, meditation, and increasing social support.

Shifting the Paradigm in HIV Prevention and Treatment Service Delivery Toward Differentiated Care for Youth

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Guilamo-Ramos ◽  
Marco Thimm-Kaiser ◽  
Adam Benzekri ◽  
Donna Futterman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Service Needs ◽  
Minority Adolescents ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Differentiated Care

Despite significant progress in the fight against HIV/AIDS in the United States, HIV prevention and treatment disparities among key populations remain a national public health concern. While new HIV diagnoses are increasing among people under age 30—in particular among racial, ethnic, and sexual minority adolescents and young adults (AYA)—dominant prevention and treatment paradigms too often inadequately consider the unique HIV service needs of AYA. To address this gap, we characterize persistent and largely overlooked AYA disparities across the HIV prevention and treatment continuum, identify AYA-specific limitations in extant resources for improving HIV service delivery in the United States, and propose a novel AYA-centered differentiated care framework adapted to the unique ecological and developmental factors shaping engagement, adherence, and retention in HIV services among AYA. Shifting the paradigm for AYA to differentiated HIV care is a promising approach that warrants implementation and evaluation as part of reinforced national efforts to end the HIV epidemic in the United States by 2030.

Fr233 COGNITIVE FUNCTION IN ADULTS WITH CELIAC DISEASE AND/OR ON A GLUTEN-FREE DIET IN THE UNITED STATES

2021 ◽  
Vol 160 (6) ◽  
pp. S-270-S-271
Author(s):  
Eugenia Uche-Anya ◽  
Peter H.R. Green ◽  
Benjamin Lebwohl
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
The United States ◽  
Gluten Free Diet ◽  
Gluten Free

scholarly journals Asian American Older Adults and Social Isolation: A Systematic Literature Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 328-328
Author(s):  
Simona Kwon ◽  
Deborah Min ◽  
Stella Chong
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Asian Americans ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Asian American ◽  
Minority Group ◽  
The United States ◽  
Eligibility Criteria

Abstract Asian Americans are the fastest growing racial and ethnic minority group in the United States, whose population is aging considerably. Previous studies indicate that social isolation and loneliness disproportionately affects older adults and predicts greater physical, mental, and cognitive decline. A systematic literature review using PRISMA guidelines was conducted to address this emerging need to understand the scope of research focused on social isolation and loneliness among the disparity population of older Asian Americans. Four interdisciplinary databases were searched: PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and AgeLine; search terms included variations on social isolation, loneliness, Asian Americans, and older adults. Articles were reviewed based on six eligibility criteria: (1) research topic relevance, (2) study participants aged >60 years, (3) Asian immigrants as main participants, (4) conducted in the United States, (5) published between 1995-2019, and (6) printed in the English language. The search yielded 799 articles across the four databases and 61 duplicate articles were removed. Abstracts were screened for the 738 remaining studies, 107 of which underwent full-text review. A total of 56 articles met the eligibility criteria. Synthesis of our review indicates that existing research focuses heavily on Chinese and Korean American immigrant communities, despite the heterogeneity of the diverse Asian American population. Studies were largely observational and employed community-based sampling. Critical literature gaps exist surrounding social isolation and loneliness in Asian American older adults, including the lack of studies on South Asian populations. Future studies should prioritize health promotion intervention research and focus on diverse understudied Asian subgroups.

scholarly journals Adult sports-related traumatic brain injury in United States trauma centers

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. E4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ethan A. Winkler ◽  
John K. Yue ◽  
John F. Burke ◽  
Andrew K. Chan ◽  
Sanjay S. Dhall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Hospital Length Of Stay ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Medical Complications ◽  
Equestrian Sports ◽  
Prolonged Hospital

OBJECTIVE Sports-related traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an important public health concern estimated to affect 300,000 to 3.8 million people annually in the United States. Although injuries to professional athletes dominate the media, this group represents only a small proportion of the overall population. Here, the authors characterize the demographics of sports-related TBI in adults from a community-based trauma population and identify predictors of prolonged hospitalization and increased morbidity and mortality rates. METHODS Utilizing the National Sample Program of the National Trauma Data Bank (NTDB), the authors retrospectively analyzed sports-related TBI data from adults (age ≥ 18 years) across 5 sporting categories—fall or interpersonal contact (FIC), roller sports, skiing/snowboarding, equestrian sports, and aquatic sports. Multivariable regression analysis was used to identify predictors of prolonged hospital length of stay (LOS), medical complications, inpatient mortality rates, and hospital discharge disposition. Statistical significance was assessed at α < 0.05, and the Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons was applied for each outcome analysis. RESULTS From 2003 to 2012, in total, 4788 adult sports-related TBIs were documented in the NTDB, which represented 18,310 incidents nationally. Equestrian sports were the greatest contributors to sports-related TBI (45.2%). Mild TBI represented nearly 86% of injuries overall. Mean (± SEM) LOSs in the hospital or intensive care unit (ICU) were 4.25 ± 0.09 days and 1.60 ± 0.06 days, respectively. The mortality rate was 3.0% across all patients, but was statistically higher in TBI from roller sports (4.1%) and aquatic sports (7.7%). Age, hypotension on admission to the emergency department (ED), and the severity of head and extracranial injuries were statistically significant predictors of prolonged hospital and ICU LOSs, medical complications, failure to discharge to home, and death. Traumatic brain injury during aquatic sports was similarly associated with prolonged ICU and hospital LOSs, medical complications, and failure to be discharged to home. CONCLUSIONS Age, hypotension on ED admission, severity of head and extracranial injuries, and sports mechanism of injury are important prognostic variables in adult sports-related TBI. Increasing TBI awareness and helmet use—particularly in equestrian and roller sports—are critical elements for decreasing sports-related TBI events in adults.

scholarly journals Autochthonous Furuncular Myiasis in the United States: Case Report and Literature Review

2003 ◽  
Vol 36 (7) ◽  
pp. e73-e80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasia Safdar ◽  
Daniel K. Young ◽  
David Andes
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
The United States ◽  
Furuncular Myiasis

E-voting adoption in many countries: A literature review

2021 ◽  
pp. 205789112110405
Author(s):  
Ikhsan Darmawan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Research Question ◽  
The United States ◽  
Single Case Study ◽  
Academic Publications ◽  
Research Questions

Although the number of countries that have adopted e-voting has decreased lately, the number of academic publications on e-voting adoption has increased in the last two years. To date, there is no coherent narrative in the existing literature that explains the progress of the research on e-voting adoption. This article aims to answer the following research question: “How has research on the topic of e-voting adoption progressed over the last 15 years?” The article provides a semi-systematic review of 78 studies that were conducted from 2005 to 2020. In this article, I argue that although the studies on e-voting adoption are dominated by a single case study, by research in the United States, and by the positivist paradigm, scholars have employed the term “e-voting adoption” diversely and the research on e-voting adoption has evolved to address more specific research questions. Recommendations for the future agenda of research on e-voting adoption are also discussed.

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