An Insight Into the anxiolytic Effects of Lignans (Phyllanthin and Hypophyllanthin) and Tannin (Corilagin) Rich Extracts of Phyllanthus amarus: An In-Silico and In-vivo approaches

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atul R. Chopade ◽  
Rahul P. Pol ◽  
Pramod A. Patil ◽  
Vyankatesh R. Dharanguttikar ◽  
Nilofar S. Naikwade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Benzodiazepine Receptor ◽  
Docking Studies ◽  
Phyllanthus Amarus ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Animal Models Of Anxiety ◽  
Probable Role

Background: This investigation was aimed to explore the anxiolytic potential of Phyllanthus amarus standardized extracts and predict probable role of marker phyto constitutents. Objective and Methods: Three standardized extracts of Phyllanthus amarus plant viz. standardized aqueous extract of Phyllanthus amarus whole plant (PAAE), standardized methanolic extract of P. amarus leaf (PAME) and the standardized hydro-methanolic extract of P. amarus leaf (PAHME) were tested in the classical animal models of anxiety vise: Elevated plus-maze model and Light & Dark Exploration test. Results: The lower doses of the tannin rich extract (PAHME) of the P. amarus possess significant anxiolytic activity compared to lignin rich (PAME) and aqueous extracts (PAAE), while at a higher dose (400mg/kg) the results of all three extracts appears to be potentially sedative. While the molecular docking studies support these probable anxiolytic and sedative effects of the Phyllanthus amarus extracts could be due to the interaction of tannins and lignans with the GABA-benzodiazepine receptor complex. Conclusion: The results of the present study indicate that the tannin-rich extract of the P. amarus may have potential clinical applications in the management of anxiety. It can be further studied for optimum dosage to be used as a future of anti-anxiety drug development or as a standardized Phytomedicine.

Osmotic interaction of plasma proteins with interstitial macromolecules

1976 ◽  
Vol 231 (2) ◽  
pp. 638-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
CA Wiederhielm ◽  
LL Black
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Ringer Solution ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Tissue Fluid ◽  
Oncotic Pressure ◽  
Mixed Solutions ◽  
Probable Role

The osmotic interaction of plasma proteins with collagen and hyaluronate has been evaluated by measuring the oncotic pressure of mixed solutions of varying composition. Collagen, despite its insolubility, exhibits a pronounced volume exclusion effect on plasma proteins, and the oncotic pressure of mixed solutions is considerably higher than that of the plasma protein stock solution. The volume exclusion of collagen on small molecules such as sucrose is negligible. A solution composed of 1.6% plasma proteins, 20% collagen, and .4% hyaluronate in Ringer solution, approximating the composition of the interstitium, was found to yield higher oncotic pressures than those previously reported from the interstitium. The probable role of impurities and degradation in the isolation process is discussed. Results reported earlier from in vitro and in vivo studies indicated that tissue oncotic pressures are considerably higher than generally recognized and that tissue fluid is in probable osmotic equilibrium with lymph in skin and muscle.

scholarly journals In Vivo Biological Investigation of Methanolic Extract of Thymus linearis Whole Plant

2018 ◽  
Vol 05 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Attiqa Naz ◽  
Muhammad Saeed ◽  
Rukhsana Ghaffar ◽  
Mehrin Shirazi
Keyword(s):  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Biological Investigation ◽  
Whole Plant

In vivo studies on the role of the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor (PBR) in steroidogenesis

1998 ◽  
Vol 24 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 479-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Papadopoulos ◽  
E. P. Widmaier ◽  
H. Amri ◽  
A. Zilz ◽  
H. Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Benzodiazepine Receptor ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Peripheral Benzodiazepine Receptor

Anxiolytic-like effect of Bifidobacterium adolescentis IM38 in mice with or without immobilisation stress

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.M. Jang ◽  
S.-E. Jang ◽  
M.J. Han ◽  
D.-H. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Benzodiazepine Receptor ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Bifidobacterium Adolescentis ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Way 100635 ◽  
Immobilisation Stress ◽  
Benzodiazepine Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Α Level

To better understand the role of gut microbiota in the anxiety, we isolated bifidobacteria and lactobacilli from the human faecal microbiota, investigated their inhibitory effects on the expression of interleukin (IL)-6 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages, and examined the anxiolytic-like effect of Bifidobacterium adolescentis IM38 in mice treated with or without immobilisation stress using the elevated plus maze (EPM) task. Oral administration of IM38 at a dose of 1×109 cfu/mouse showed a significant anxiolytic-like effect both in mice exposed to immobilisation stress and in control mice using the EPM test (P<0.05). Moreover, IM38 treatment significantly increased the amount of time spent on open arms and open arm entries. The anxiolytic-like effect of IM38 was comparable to that of buspirone (1 mg/kg). Moreover, this anxiolytic-like effect was blocked by treatment with flumazenil (3 mg/kg, i.p.), a benzodiazepine receptor antagonist, but was not affected by treatment with bicuculine or WAY-100635. IM38 treatment also reduced the blood levels of corticosterone and IL-6 in mice with or without immobilisation stress, whereas this effect was abolished by treatment with flumazenil. IM38 treatment also reduced the blood TNF-α level in mice subjected to immobilisation stress but not in normal control mice. Treatment with flumazenil also significantly increased TNF-α and IL-6 levels in immobilisation stress-free mice treated with IM38. These findings suggest that IM38 may attenuate anxiety through modulation of the benzodiazepine site on the GABAA receptor and modulate stress-related cytokine expression.

Pharmacological And In-Silico Investigations of Anxiolytic-like Effects of Phyllanthus Fraternus: A Probable Involvement Of GABA-A Receptor

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atul R. Chopade ◽  
Rahul P. Pol ◽  
Pramod A. Patil ◽  
Vyankatesh R. Dharanguttikar ◽  
Nilofar S. Naikwade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Docking Studies ◽  
Fingerprint Analysis ◽  
Gaba A ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Classical Models ◽  
Probable Role ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Phyllanthus Fraternus

Background:: Phyllanthus fraternus Webster Linn (family, Euphorbiaceae) is used as a traditional medication for the treatment of various disorders and has therapeutic implications. Objective:: This investigation intends investigation of the anxiolytic potential of Phyllanthus fraternus standardized extract and prediction of probable role of its marker phyto-constituents. Methods:: We have tested the standardized hydro-ethanolic extract of Phyllanthus fraternus (whole plant) for Elevated plusmaze model (EPM) and Light & Dark Exploration test as classical models for anxiety. Phyto-chemical HPTLC fingerprint analysis was performed for detection of two classes of compounds lignans and tannins. HPTLC analysis of standardized extract was performed using Phyllanthin Hypophyllanthin and Corilagin as marker compounds. Additionally, GABA receptor antagonism was studied in other sets of experiments to assess the involvement of this receptor in the anxiolytic-like effects produced by Phyllanthus fraternus. Results:: The lower doses of the lignan and tannin-rich extract of the Phyllanthus fraternus possess significant anxiolyticlike activity compared to the standard diazepam. Additionally, the results of the present study suggested that high doses (400mg/kg) of Phyllanthus fraternus have exerted some sedative-like effects. Phytochemical screening and HPTLC fingerprint analysis indicate the presence of lignans and tannins, whereas HPLC analysis of the standardized extract revealed the presence of marker lignan (Hypophyllanthin) and Tannin (Corilagin). The anxiolytic-like effect of Phyllanthus fraternus observed in the mice models were blocked by Flumazenil indicating the involvement of GABAA receptors in the modulation of this effect. Our molecular docking studies also supported probable anxiolytic and sedative effects. Conclusion:: To summarize results support the use of Phyllanthus fraternus in the anxiety-like symptoms/disease condition and suggest its anxiolytic-like effect governed by the GABA-A receptors.

Co-administration of Saffron and Chamomile give additive effects of antidiabetic and antioxidant activity with in-vivo augmentation of brain BDNF, acetylcholine levels and cognitive functions in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saara Ahmad ◽  
Asra Khan ◽  
Saiqa Tabassum ◽  
Zehra Batool ◽  
Saad Bilal Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes ◽  
Neurotropic Factor

Objectives: Co-administration of chamomile and saffron are effective against diabetes and related complications. Background: Diabetes mellitus refers to comorbidities associated with reduced release of the brain-derived neurotropic factor and disruption in the metabolism of neurotransmitters leading to depression and cognitive impairment. Allopathic medications are available for the treatment of diabetes but there is no cure and multiple adverse effects adhere to it. The therapeutic effects of co-administered chamomile with saffron may reverse the diabetes and its complications. Methods: The present study sought to test hypothesis, conducted on eighty Sprague-Dawley rats randomly divided into eight groups (n=10) including healthy controls, diabetic controls, methanolic extract treatment groups and water decoction treatment groups with respective dosage once a day for two weeks. The dose of single herb group in methanolic extract and water decoction was saffron 10 mg/kg and chamomile 30 mg/kg, while co-administered groups received both herbs in half doses, saffron 5 mg/kg and chamomile 15 mg/kg. Two widely used tests for the assessment of memory (Elevated plus maze and novel object recognition) were used to assess the mood and memory (cognitive) performance after the treatment. Results: It was observed that all treatment groups exhibited antidiabetic effects with improved mood and enhanced memory, high antioxidant profile, increased brain-derived neurotropic factor and acetylcholine concentration. However, the affects were greater in the co-administered groups of saffron and chamomile especially the combined water decoction group. Conclusion : The study provides the successful results of co-administration of chamomile and saffron to alleviate the diabetes and related complications.

scholarly journals Studies on the Nature of Immunity to Homologous Grafted Skin, With Special Reference to the Use of Pure Epidermal Grafts

1954 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. BILLINGHAM ◽  
ELIZABETH M. SPARROW
Keyword(s):  
Fibrous Tissue ◽  
Immune Serum ◽  
Prolonged Treatment ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Skin Homograft ◽  
Probable Role ◽  
Derivatives Of

1. Homografts of pure epidermis, i.e. of skin freed from all dermal elements, survive their orthotopic transplantation between unrelated rabbits for 10-15 days. They elicit and succumb to a transplantation immunity reaction just as ordinary skin homografts do. 2. The distinctive sequence of histological changes that take place in the dermis of a skin homograft during the course of its breakdown take place in the host's own young fibrous tissue when this forms the bed underlying pure epidermal homografts. 3. Although the breakdown of pure epidermal homografts is accelerated when they are transplanted to specifically immunized recipients, they normally survive for from 4-6 days. It is inferred that the serum and tissue exudates present in the bed to which such grafts are transplanted have no immediate inimical effect on the susceptible Malpighian cells when these are intimately exposed to them. 4. The possible application of pure epidermal grafts, and more particularly of dissociated epidermal cells, has been investigated in attempts to demonstrate a specific toxic action against a donor's cells of the blood, serum, and other derivatives of specifically immunized animals. After treatment in vitro, the ‘vitality’ of the epidermal grafts or cells was tested by transplanting them back to the animal from which they originated. 5. It was found that epidermal melanocytes of guinea-pig's skin are unaffected by prolonged treatment in vitro with ‘immune’ blood and serum, with or without the addition of lymphocytes or spleen cells. 6. The capacity of dissociated Malpighian cells in the rabbit to give rise to epithelium after grafting was completely or partially inhibited by treating them in vitro with excess immune serum for 22 hr. or longer at either 5° C. or 37° C. 7. It is suggested that this effect indicates the presence of a protective iso-antibody in the serum of rabbits which have reacted against skin homografts. The probable role of this antibody in the breakdown of skin homografts in vivo is discussed.

scholarly journals Probiotics and the envisaged role in treating human infertility

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nagham Younis ◽  
Adel Mahasneh
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Therapy ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Medical Settings ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Probable Role ◽  
Infertile Patients

Abstract Background Considerable attention is being directed nowadays towards using probiotics as an alternative therapy in treating several human diseases including gastrointestinal tract diseases especially colorectal cancers, cardiovascular diseases, hyperlipidemia, and blood pressure cases. However, infertility as affected by the microbiome and the probable role of probiotics in alleviating infertility problems did not receive the deserved attention, especially in IVF patients with male or female factors. Main body In this review, we tried to draw the attention of researchers in the medical settings to the importance of the forthcoming role of probiotics use in elucidating the role of the microbiome in infertile patients. The hope is to attain the best performance of both male and female reproductive systems and to shed some light on infertility problems. Conclusion More in vivo experiments are still needed to address many aspects of probiotics like proper administration, exact functional strains, required dose, application method, duration of treatment, and combination with antibiotics before considering probiotics as an alternative treatment.

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