Regulation of Vaginal Microbiome by Nitric Oxide

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-31
Author(s):  
Taj Yeruva ◽  
Chi H. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lactobacillus Species ◽  
Vaginal Microbiome ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Vaginal Microflora ◽  
Probiotic Lactobacilli ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Hiv 1

In this review, the composition and regulation of vaginal microbiome that displays an apparent microbial diversity and interacts with other microbiota in the body are presented. The role of nitric oxide (NO) in the regulation of vaginal microflora in which lactobacillus species typically dominate has been delineated from the perspective of maintaining gynecologic ecosystem and prevention of onset of bacteriostatic vaginosis (BV) and/or sexually transmitted diseases (STD) including HIV-1 transmission. The interactions between NO and vaginal microbiome and its influence on the levels of Lactobacillus, hormones and other components are described. The recent progress, such as NO drugs, probiotic Lactobacilli and Lactobacillus microbots, that can be explored to alleviate abnormality of vagina microbiome, is also discussed. An identification of Oral-GI-Vagina axis, as well as the relationship between NO and Lactobacillus regulation in the healthy or pathological status of vagina microbiome, surely offers the advanced drug delivery option against BV or STD including AIDS.

The role of lactobacilli in restoring normal vaginal microbiota

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-132
Author(s):  
Yu.E. Dobrokhotova ◽  
◽  
K.R. Bondarenko ◽  
P.A. Shadrova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genital Tract ◽  
World Literature ◽  
Vaginal Microbiota ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lactobacillus Species ◽  
Vaginal Microbiome ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Protective Function

Achievements of modern science in the field of clinical microbiology, immunology and genetics help to take a different view of the significance of microflora for the human body on the whole. The role of various microorganisms in maintaining the normalization of the female reproductive system is constantly discussed in world literature. The emergence of the method of mass spectrometry has made it possible to identify several hundred types of microorganisms and determine the dominant. Vaginal microbiota is the first line of protection against pathogenic microorganisms in the genital tract. Changes in the content of healthy vaginal microbiome can affect vaginal homeostasis, reducing protective capabilities of the body and thereby increasing women’s susceptibility to infections of the lower genital tract. In addition, the vaginal microbiota plays an important role during pregnancy and childbirth, forming the neonatal microbiome. Despite the importance of studying the patterns of dominance of various types of lactobacilli in the vaginal biotope, there is currently little evidence of their protective function in relation to the female reproductive tract, which remains the subject of study. This knowledge gap is a challenge to the development of effective and applicable treatment methods with probiotic drugs, followed by an assessment of their effectiveness to protect and improve the reproductive health of the female population. Ke ywords: bacterial vaginosis, pregnancy, vaginal probiotics, vaginal microbiome, lactobacillus species identification, lactobacilli, lactic acid

scholarly journals Modulation of Epileptic Activity in Rats: Focus on Sleep, Physical Exercise and Nitric Oxide–mediated Neurotransmission in a Model of Homocysteine Thiolactone–induced Seizures

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragan Hrncic ◽  
Aleksandra Rasic-Markovic ◽  
Veselinka Susic ◽  
Dragan Djuric ◽  
Olivera Stanojlovic
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Epileptic Activity ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
The Body ◽  
Homocysteine Thiolactone ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Regular Physical Exercise

ABSTRACT Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder characterised by recurrent epileptic seizures. Understanding the mechanisms by which it initiates and develops, as well as its modulating factors, are of great scientific interest. Experimental models of epilepsy are useful for understanding these mechanisms. Homocysteine, an amino acid endogenously generated in the body, together with its reactive metabolite, homocysteine thiolactone (HCT), is recognised as a risk factor for a variety of diseases. HCT-induced seizures are a model of generalised epilepsy in which the coexistence of two types of epileptic activity has been documented. Th e complex interplay between sleep and epilepsy is still only poorly understood. Additionally, the relationship between physical exercise and epilepsy is quite intriguing, especially the mechanism underlying this relationship. Th e role of nitric oxide (NO)-mediated neurotransmission in the development of epileptic activity is highly debated in the existing scientific literature . In this review article, we described the modulation of epileptic activity in rats and focused on sleep, physical activity and NO-mediated signalling. First, we explain the characteristics of the experimental models of epileptic activity and the unique features of HCT-induced seizures. Second, the modulating eff ects of sleep and regular physical exercise training on epileptic activity, along with works from the authors, are discussed. Finally, the anticonvulsive eff ects of NO that is produced via nNOS and iNOS in HCT-induced seizures are reviewed.

Living with Barren Truths: A Tale of Triumphalism and Tribulations of a Technology

2021 ◽  
pp. 097168582110159
Author(s):  
Sital Mohanty ◽  
Subhasis Sahoo ◽  
Pranay Kumar Swain
Keyword(s):  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
The Body ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Social Fact ◽  
Science Technology ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship

Science, technology and human values have been the subject of enquiry in the last few years for social scientists and eventually the relationship between science and gender is the subject of an ongoing debate. This is due to the event of globalization which led to the exponential growth of new technologies like assisted reproductive technology (ART). ART, one of the most iconic technological innovations of the twentieth century, has become increasingly a normal social fact of life. Since ART invades multiple human discourses—thereby transforming culture, society and politics—it is important what is sociological about ART as well as what is biological. This article argues in commendation of sociology of technology, which is alert to its democratic potential but does not concurrently conceal the historical and continuing role of technology in legitimizing gender discrimination. The article draws the empirical insights from local articulations (i.e., Odisha state in eastern India) for the understandings of motherhood, freedom and choice, reproductive right and rights over the body to which ART has contributed. Sociologically, the article has been supplemented within the broader perspectives of determinism, compatibilism alongside feminism.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Dramatic Text and Performance with the Centrality of the Body with a Look at Anne Bogart’s Rendition of The Persians

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-31
Author(s):  
Samin Gheitasy ◽  
Leila Montazeri ◽  
Simin Dolatkhah
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Physical Approach ◽  
The World ◽  
Dramatic Text ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Anne Bogart ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Sociological View

The dramatic text defines, to some extent, the structure of the work but the type of performance and the physical approach to the text can represent different meanings. The body of the actor, as a means of conveying concepts from the text to the audience, can be effective in creating different interpretations and meanings of the text. Since eons ago, directors have used the body of the actor with different approaches, and the application of body on the stage has always been underdoing changes. Anne Bogart is one of the few directors who is less known in the Iranian theater despite possessing the most updated and well-known methods of practice and performance in the world. Using her viewpoint method, she brings live and dynamic bodies to the stage; bodies that are able to convey the hidden meanings of the text to the audience in the most suitable way. The overall purpose of this research is to find the relationship between the dramatic text and the performance with the centrality of the body with a sociological view toward the body. To this end, by presenting Foucault's theories, the researchers defines the role of the body in the society and its extent of effectivity and impressibility. Finally, this study explores the implications of this role in each element of Aeschylus’s The Persians, and it shall show how Bogart beautifully represents them using the bodies of her actors during performance.

Nourish the soul or damage the body? Belief in the connection between Christian moral failure and diminished health

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-262
Author(s):  
Steven L Foy ◽  
Collin W Mueller
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Religious Involvement ◽  
The Body ◽  
Religion And Health ◽  
Telephone Interviews ◽  
Moral Failure ◽  
Physical Health Outcomes ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship

Scholars have increasingly noted mechanisms by which religion may be detrimental to one’s health, but few have explored how individuals understand linkages between religious involvement and adverse health. Using data gathered from telephone interviews with Protestants and Catholics in North Carolina and South Carolina, we explore how individuals understand the role of religious moral failure in shaping health consequences. When asked to discuss the relationship between religion and health, 23 respondents described experiences or beliefs regarding how failing to meet the expectations of their religion corresponded with a range of reduced mental and physical health outcomes. Findings underscore the need for additional research on the role of religious involvement and life course experiences in shaping expectations that health declines result from moral failure.

From Analytical Аnthropology to Generative Anthropology

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Nina Sosna
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Active Researcher ◽  
Comprehension Ability ◽  
External Position ◽  
Time Distance ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Generative Anthropology ◽  
Affective Interaction ◽  
Radical Interaction

This article discusses the role of the technical in V.A. Podoroga's project of studying the literature worlds as archives of human experience. On the level of content, among many other components of these worlds he distinguished working and non-working machines, “gizmos” and various optical devices, including the mechanic eye, camera, mounting, etc. Formally, the action of these machines can be assessed as alienation, though in the context of modern media studies and exploration of the perspectives of anthropology, they can also be described as a problematic contact zone between the human and non-human, with a bias towards breaking the already historically disrupted bodily-affective interaction with the “outside”. Studies of Andrei Platonov's show the most radical interaction with the technical, in this case causing dissimilation of the human. However, even for this “inhuman” material, Podoroga chooses a form of human-measured approximation and distancing, which allows defending the position of an active researcher, observer, anthropologist. His efforts produce a kind of reconstruction, which at a certain time distance reveals the “seams”, “folds”, “cuts”, “plexuses”, “gaps” that formed at once the experience of the body and experience of writing. This is how the components of literature worlds are extracted, and from them “a picture of the universe can be deduced”. Although an external position to technics is considered to be the only guarantee of the human, even if it is strange, symptomatic, seizure-like, a different understanding of the technical is possible. Without claiming that a “machine” can assemble components in the absence of the observer's (reader's) comprehension ability, it seems nevertheless possible to relate the technical to more general principles: the methods of dispersion and gathering that form the form, the principles of intervalization and binding the heterogeneous, and most importantly, the principle of generating conditions for detecting an event. Then it will be necessary to clarify the relationship between techne and literature in the broader sense of poiesis, in the process of which elements can be formed from the indivisible “compressed”.

Examining the Role of Green Transformational Leadership on Promoting Green Organizational Behavior

2019 ◽  
pp. 200-224
Author(s):  
Chipo Mukonza ◽  
Ilze Swarts
Keyword(s):  
Transformational Leadership ◽  
Organizational Behavior ◽  
The Body ◽  
Intellectual Stimulation ◽  
Idealized Influence ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Inspirational Motivation ◽  
Website Analysis ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter examines the role of green transformational leadership on promoting green organizational behavior. Green transformational leadership has been found to be influencing green organizational behavior. The study uses content analysis and website analysis. Nedbank is used in the chapter as an archetype of an organization with a green transformational leadership which has influenced green organizational behavior. Four characteristics of green transformational leadership namely idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, and individualized consideration were used. The leadership engages its customer and rewards them for green behavior which is important for intellectual stimulation and motivating their employees. The study contributes to the body of knowledge on green transformational behavior by confirming the relationship. The chapter recommends that more trainings and educational awareness on green values be provided to the management so that ultimately this are emulated and practiced by their employees.

Physiotherapy and Human Relations

2016 ◽  
pp. 67-74
Author(s):  
Donald W. Winnicott
Keyword(s):  
Early Development ◽  
Emotional Development ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Relations ◽  
Somatic Disorder ◽  
Somatic Disorders ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship

In this paper on psycho-somatic disorders, Winnicott begins by acknowledging the vastness of the subject. Psycho-somatic disorder merges into the universal problem of the healthy interaction between the psyche and the soma—that is, between the personality of an individual and the body in which the person lives. The relationship between body and mind, role of early development and stages of emotional development are also discussed.

The Female Body in Global Media

2018 ◽  
pp. 544-560
Author(s):  
Tuija Parikka
Keyword(s):  
Female Body ◽  
The Body ◽  
Global Media ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter examines the relationship between the body, globalization, and the media. It discusses how the female body is subjected to being “played” in the global media and what that reveals of gender and minority–majority relationships and of global aims and fears. The cases presented in this chapter serve as samples of “sexy violence” imagery that cannot be thoroughly explained by theories of objectification, liberation, or commodification of women but, rather, are considered in reference to the socially constitutive role of globalization. Although the female body may function to discursively dissolve, enforce, or alleviate conflicts embedded in the processes and discourses of globalization, the preoccupation with “sexy violence” imagery in the global media does not necessarily offer a solution to global concerns but, rather, plays out the fears, aims, and anxieties about globalization through violence and aggression.

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