A Review on Chitosan in Drug Delivery for the Treatment of Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehran Shayganfard
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Psychiatric Diseases ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Hypoxic Ischemia ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Cord Injury

: Neurological diseases are known as global health problems with a growing number of patients annually. Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease as well as spinal cord injury, hypoxic ischemia injury, epilepsy, depression etc., are some examples of neurological diseases. One of the main problems in the treatment of these diseases is the delivery of drugs across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). These days, researchers have tended to find non-invasive and non-toxic strategies for solving this problem. As a non-toxic, safe, and potential agent, chitosan has attracted attention for use in drug delivery systems. Recently, numerous studies have designed drug delivery systems by using chitosan for the treatment of various neurological diseases. In this paper, the latest developments of chitosan and its derivatives and their utilization in the drug delivery systems for the treatment of different neurological and psychiatric diseases were reviewed.

scholarly journals Novel optimized drug delivery systems for enhancing spinal cord injury repair in rats

Drug Delivery ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 2548-2561
Author(s):  
Man Zhang ◽  
Yang Bai ◽  
Chang Xu ◽  
Jinti Lin ◽  
JiaKang Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Injury Repair ◽  
Cord Injury

Recent progress in therapeutic drug delivery systems for treatment of traumatic CNS injuries

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 1759-1778
Author(s):  
Bikram Khadka ◽  
Jae-Young Lee ◽  
Ki-Taek Kim ◽  
Jong-Sup Bae
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Cord Injury

Most therapeutics for the treatment of traumatic central nervous system injuries, such as traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury, encounter various obstacles in reaching the target tissue and exerting pharmacological effects, including physiological barriers like the blood–brain barrier and blood–spinal cord barrier, instability rapid elimination from the injured tissue or cerebrospinal fluid and off-target toxicity. For central nervous system delivery, nano- and microdrug delivery systems are regarded as the most suitable and promising carriers. In this review, the pathophysiology and biomarkers of traumatic central nervous system injuries (traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury) are introduced. Furthermore, various drug delivery systems, novel combinatorial therapies and advanced therapies for the treatment of traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury are emphasized.

A Non-Invasive, Low-Cost Study Design to Determine the Release Profile of Colon Drug Delivery Systems: A Feasibility Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 2070-2078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina J. M. Maurer ◽  
Reinout C. A. Schellekens ◽  
Klaus D. Wutzke ◽  
Gerard Dijkstra ◽  
Herman J. Woerdenbag ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Release Profile ◽  
Cost Study ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Colon Drug Delivery

scholarly journals Review on Transferosomes and Transferosomal Gels

2021 ◽  
pp. 114-126
Author(s):  
P. Kranthi Kumar ◽  
R. Santosh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Transdermal Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
First Pass Metabolism ◽  
Pharmaceutical Uses ◽  
Pass Metabolism

Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS), which are self-administrable and non-invasive, can improve bioavailability and patient compliance by bypassing first-pass metabolism. Vesicular-based TDDS have attracted a lot of attention in recent years because they're designed for controlled, efficient, and targeted drug delivery. One of these delivery technologies, transferosomal-based formulations, has grown in popularity due to its ability to achieve all of the desired criteria and quality qualities. Transferosomes combine the characteristics of liposomes and niosomes because they contain both liposomes (phospholipids and cholesterols) and niosomes as components (nonionic surfactants; edge activators). as a result, they are referred to as the first generation of elastic liposomes. However transdermal drug delivery is difficult due to the presence of the skin's protective barrier, transferosomal drug delivery overcomes all obstacles due to its unique characteristics, such as its ultradeformable vesicular nature. The benefits, limitations, modes of penetration, formulations, production and assessment methodologies, and pharmaceutical uses of transferosomal drug delivery systems are discussed in this paper. Conclusion: Transferosomes have several importance over other vesicular systems, including greater deformability, greater penetration power across skin, the ability to deliver systemic drugs, and higher stability.

Raman spectroscopy in pharmaceutical research and industry

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Jung ◽  
Maike Windbergs
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Quality Control ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Pharmaceutical Research ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Large Scale Production

Abstract In the fast-developing fields of pharmaceutical research and industry, the implementation of Raman spectroscopy and related technologies has been very well received due to the combination of chemical selectivity and the option for non-invasive analysis of samples. This chapter explores established and potential applications of Raman spectroscopy, confocal Raman microscopy and related techniques from the early stages of drug development research up to the implementation of these techniques in process analytical technology (PAT) concepts for large-scale production in the pharmaceutical industry. Within this chapter, the implementation of Raman spectroscopy in the process of selection and optimisation of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and investigation of the interaction with excipients is described. Going beyond the scope of early drug development, the reader is introduced to the use of Raman techniques for the characterization of complex drug delivery systems, highlighting the technical requirements and describing the analysis of qualitative and quantitative composition as well as spatial component distribution within these pharmaceutical systems. Further, the reader is introduced to the application of Raman techniques for performance testing of drug delivery systems addressing drug release kinetics and interactions with biological systems ranging from single cells up to complex tissues. In the last part of this chapter, the advantages and recent developments of integrating Raman technologies into PAT processes for solid drug delivery systems and biologically derived pharmaceutics are discussed, demonstrating the impact of the technique on current quality control standards in industrial production and providing good prospects for future developments in the field of quality control at the terminal part of the supply chain and various other fields like individualized medicine. On the way from the active drug molecule (API) in the research laboratory to the marketed medicine in the pharmacy, therapeutic efficacy of the active molecule and safety of the final medicine for the patient are of utmost importance. For each step, strict regulatory requirements apply which demand for suitable analytical techniques to acquire robust data to understand and control design, manufacturing and industrial large-scale production of medicines. In this context, Raman spectroscopy has come to the fore due to the combination of chemical selectivity and the option for non-invasive analysis of samples. Following the technical advancements in Raman equipment and analysis software, Raman spectroscopy and microscopy proofed to be valuable methods with versatile applications in pharmaceutical research and industry, starting from the analysis of single drug molecules as well as complex multi-component formulations up to automatized quality control during industrial production.

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