Antimicrobial Peptides From Lycosidae (Sundevall, 1833) Spiders

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 527-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcella Nunes Melo-Braga ◽  
Flávia De Marco Almeida ◽  
Daniel Moreira dos Santos ◽  
Joaquim Teixeira de Avelar Júnior ◽  
Pablo Victor Mendes dos Reis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Host Defense ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Antibiotic Activity ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Host Defense System ◽  
Patent Applications

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been found in all organism taxa and may play an essential role as a host defense system. AMPs are organized in various conformations, such as linear peptides, disulfide bond-linked peptides, backbone-linked peptides and circular peptides. AMPs apparently act primarily on the plasma membrane, although an increasing number of works have shown that they may also target various intracellular sites. Spider venoms are rich sources of biomolecules that show several activities, including modulation or blockage of ion channels, anti-insect, anti-cancer, antihypertensive and antimicrobial activities, among others. In spider venoms from the Lycosidae family there are many linear AMPs with a wide range of activities against several microorganisms. Due to these singular activities, some Lycosidae AMPs have been modified to improve or decrease desirable or undesirable effects, respectively. Such modifications, especially with the aim of increasing their antibiotic activity, have led to the filing of many patent applications. This review explores the abundance of Lycosidae venom AMPs and some of their derivatives, and their use as new drug models.

scholarly journals Plant Defensins: Novel Antimicrobial Peptides as Components of the Host Defense System

1995 ◽  
Vol 108 (4) ◽  
pp. 1353-1358 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. F. Broekaert ◽  
FRG. Terras ◽  
BPA. Cammue ◽  
R. W. Osborn
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Host Defense ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Plant Defensins ◽  
Host Defense System

Antimicrobial Peptides - Small but Mighty Weapons for Plants to Fight Phytopathogens

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 720-742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaushik Das ◽  
Karabi Datta ◽  
Subhasis Karmakar ◽  
Swapan K. Datta
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Biotechnological Potential ◽  
Functional Aspects ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Vital Component ◽  
Pathogen Entry

Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs) have diverse structures, varied modes of actions, and can inhibit the growth of a wide range of pathogens at low concentrations. Plants are constantly under attack by a wide range of phytopathogens causing massive yield losses worldwide. To combat these pathogens, nature has armed plants with a battery of defense responses including Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs). These peptides form a vital component of the two-tier plant defense system. They are constitutively expressed as part of the pre-existing first line of defense against pathogen entry. When a pathogen overcomes this barrier, it faces the inducible defense system, which responds to specific molecular or effector patterns by launching an arsenal of defense responses including the production of AMPs. This review emphasizes the structural and functional aspects of different plant-derived AMPs, their homology with AMPs from other organisms, and how their biotechnological potential could generate durable resistance in a wide range of crops against different classes of phytopathogens in an environmentally friendly way without phenotypic cost.

A role of uroleuconaphins, polyketide red pigments in aphid, as a chemopreventor in the host defense system against infection with entomopathogenic fungi

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (12) ◽  
pp. 992-999
Author(s):  
Mitsuyo Horikawa ◽  
Mitsuaki Shimazu ◽  
Maki Aibe ◽  
Hiroto Kaku ◽  
Makoto Inai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Defense ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Red Pigments ◽  
Host Defense System

scholarly journals Haematophagous arthropod saliva and host defense system: a tale of tear and blood

2005 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 665-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno B. Andrade ◽  
Clarissa R. Teixeira ◽  
Aldina Barral ◽  
Manoel Barral-Netto
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Host Defense ◽  
Blood Meal ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Current Information ◽  
System A ◽  
Host Defense System

The saliva from blood-feeding arthropod vectors is enriched with molecules that display diverse functions that mediate a successful blood meal. They function not only as weapons against host's haemostatic, inflammatory and immune responses but also as important tools to pathogen establishment. Parasites, virus and bacteria taking advantage of vectors' armament have adapted to facilitate their entry in the host. Today, many salivary molecules have been identified and characterized as new targets to the development of future vaccines. Here we focus on current information on vector's saliva and the molecules responsible to modify host's hemostasis and immune response, also regarding their role in disease transmission.

scholarly journals The Two-Faced Cytokine IL-6 in Host Defense and Diseases

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 3528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masashi Narazaki ◽  
Tadamitsu Kishimoto
Keyword(s):  
Host Defense ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Castleman Disease ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Off Label Use ◽  
Defense System ◽  
New Era ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Host Defense System

Interleukein-6 (IL-6), is produced locally from infectious or injured lesions and is delivered to the whole body via the blood stream, promptly activating the host defense system to perform diverse functions. However, excessive or sustained production of IL-6 is involved in various diseases. In diseases, the IL-6 inhibitory strategy begins with the development of the anti-IL-6 receptor antibody, tocilizumab (TCZ). This antibody has shown remarkable effects on Castleman disease, rheumatoid arthritis and juvenile idiopathic arthritis. In 2017, TCZ was proven to work effectively against giant cell arteritis, Takayasu arteritis and cytokine releasing syndrome, initiating a new era for the treatment of these diseases. In this study, the defensive functions of IL-6 and various pathological conditions are compared. Further, the diseases of which TCZ has been approved for treatment are summarized, the updated results of increasing off-label use of TCZ for various diseases are reviewed and the conditions for which IL-6 inhibition might have a beneficial role are discussed. Given the involvement of IL-6 in many pathologies, the diseases that can be improved by IL-6 inhibition will expand. However, the important role of IL-6 in host defense should always be kept in mind in clinical practice.

Macrophages in the Brain: Friends or Enemies?

Physiology ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Piani ◽  
DB Constam ◽  
K Frei ◽  
A Fontana
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Host Defense ◽  
The Body ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Tissue Destruction ◽  
Brain Macrophages ◽  
Host Defense System ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Macrophage Lineage

Cells of the macrophage lineage are ubiquitously distributed in the body, including the central nervous system. They represent an essential host defense system to protect from infections. However, recent evidence indicates that brain macrophages may also be responsible for tissue destruction, including loss of neurons and demyelination.

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