Current biomedical and diagnostical applications of gold micro and nanoparticles

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslav Pohanka
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Colloidal Gold ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Gold Particles ◽  
Solid Gold ◽  
Therapy And Diagnosis

: Production of particles and their adaptation in the pharmacology became an object of interest and there are currently introduced therapies based on the use of micro and nanoparticles. The use of gold particles is not an exception. This review is focused on the application of gold micro and nanoparticles in the pharmacology and biomedicine. Their use in the therapy and diagnosis respective theranostic of cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, antimicrobial means, drugs distribution and other are discussed. Beside these applications, specifications of gold, gold particles and colloidal gold manufacturing and their comparation with the solid gold are described as well. This review is based on survey of actual scientific literature.

Ultrastructural analysis of the spatial distribution of MRNA

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 552-553
Author(s):  
Gary Bassell ◽  
Robert H. Singer
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Colloidal Gold ◽  
Dna Probe ◽  
Nucleotide Analogs ◽  
Gold Particles

We have been investigating the spatial distribution of nucleic acids intracellularly using in situ hybridization. The use of non-isotopic nucleotide analogs incorporated into the DNA probe allows the detection of the probe at its site of hybridization within the cell. This approach therefore is compatible with the high resolution available by electron microscopy. Biotinated or digoxigenated probe can be detected by antibodies conjugated to colloidal gold. Because mRNA serves as a template for the probe fragments, the colloidal gold particles are detected as arrays which allow it to be unequivocally distinguished from background.

Specificity of Lectins Labeled with Colloidal Gold to the Exopolymeric Matrix Carbohydrates of the Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria Biofilm Formed on Steel

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 11-20
Author(s):  
D.R. Abdulina ◽  
◽  
L.M. Purish ◽  
G.O. Iutynska ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Colloidal Gold ◽  
Steel Surface ◽  
Lectin Binding ◽  
Sulfate Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Gold Particles ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

The studies of the carbohydrate composition of the sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) biofilms formed on the steel surface, which are a factor of microbial corrosion, are significant. Since exopolymers synthesized by bacteria could activate corrosive processes. The aim of the study was to investigate the specificity of commercial lectins, labeled with colloidal gold to carbohydrates in the biofilm exopolymeric matrix produced by the corrosive-relevant SRB strains from man-caused ecotopes. Methods. Microbiological methods (obtaining of the SRB biofilms during cultivation in liquid Postgate B media under microaerophilic conditions), biochemical methods (lectin-binding analysis of 10 commercial lectins, labeled with colloidal gold), transmission electron microscopy using JEM-1400 JEOL. Results. It was shown using transmission electron microscopy that the binding of lectins with carbohydrates in the biofilm of the studied SRB strains occurred directly in the exopolymerіс matrix, as well as on the surfaces of bacterial cells, as seen by the presence of colloidal gold particles. For detection of the neutral carbohydrates (D-glucose and D-mannose) in the biofilm of almost all studied bacterial strains PSA lectin was the most specific. This lectin binding in biofilms of Desulfotomaculum sp. К1/3 and Desulfovibrio sp. 10 strains was higher in 90.8% and 94.4%, respectively, then for ConA lectin. The presence of fucose in the SRB biofilms was detected using LABA lectin, that showed specificity to the biofilm EPS of all the studied strains. LBA lectin was the most specific to N-аcetyl-D-galactosamine for determination of amino sugars in the biofilm. The amount of this lectin binding in D. vulgaris DSM644 biofilm was 30.3, 10.1 and 9.3 times higher than SBA, SNA and PNA lectins, respectively. STA, LVA and WGA lectins were used to detect the N-acetyl-Dglucosamine and sialic acid in the biofilm. WGA lectin showed specificity to N-acetyl-D-glucosamine in the biofilm of all the studied SRB; maximum number of bounded colloidal gold particles (175 particles/μm2) was found in the Desulfotomaculum sp. TC3 biofilm. STA lectin was interacted most actively with N-acetyl-D-glucosamine in Desulfotomaculum sp. TC3 and Desulfomicrobium sp. TC4 biofilms. The number of bounded colloidal gold particles was in 9.2 and 7.4 times higher, respectively, than using LVA lectin. The lowest binding of colloidal gold particles was observed for LVA lectin. Conclusions. It was identified the individual specificity of the 10 commercial lectins to the carbohydrates of biofilm matrix on the steel surface, produced by SRB. It was estimated that lectins with identical carbohydrates specificity had variation in binding to the biofilm carbohydrates of different SRB strains. Establishing of the lectin range selected for each culture lead to the reduction of the scope of studies and labor time in the researching of the peculiarities of exopolymeric matrix composition of biofilms formed by corrosiverelevant SRB.

scholarly journals Ultrastructural visualization of cytoskeletal mRNAs and their associated proteins using double-label in situ hybridization.

1989 ◽  
Vol 108 (6) ◽  
pp. 2343-2353 ◽  
Author(s):  
R H Singer ◽  
G L Langevin ◽  
J B Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Colloidal Gold ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Simultaneous Detection ◽  
Gold Particles ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Nucleic Acid Molecule

We have been able to visualize cytoskeletal messenger RNA molecules at high resolution using nonisotopic in situ hybridization followed by whole-mount electron microscopy. Biotinated cDNA probes for actin, tubulin, or vimentin mRNAs were hybridized to Triton-extracted chicken embryo fibroblasts and myoblasts. The cells were then exposed to antibodies against biotin followed by colloidal gold-conjugated antibodies and then critical-point dried. Identification of mRNA was possible using a probe fragmented to small sizes such that hybridization of several probe fragments along the mRNA was detected as a string of colloidal gold particles qualitatively and quantitatively distinguishable from nonspecific background. Extensive analysis showed that when eight gold particles were seen in this iterated array, the signal to noise ratio was greater than 30:1. Furthermore, these gold particles were colinear, often spiral, or circular suggesting detection of a single nucleic acid molecule. Antibodies against actin, vimentin, or tubulin proteins were used after in situ hybridization, allowing simultaneous detection of the protein and its cognate message on the same sample. This revealed that cytoskeletal mRNAs are likely to be extremely close to actin protein (5 nm or less) and unlikely to be within 20 nm of vimentin or tubulin filaments. Actin mRNA was found to be more predominant in lamellipodia of motile cells, confirming previous results. These results indicate that this high resolution in situ hybridization approach is a powerful tool by which to investigate the association of mRNA with the cytoskeleton.

A method for determining the periodicity of a troponin component in isolated insect flight muscle thin filaments by gold/Fab labelling

1992 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 503-508
Author(s):  
R. Newman ◽  
G.W. Butcher ◽  
B. Bullard ◽  
K.R. Leonard
Keyword(s):  
Gold Particle ◽  
Colloidal Gold ◽  
Striated Muscle ◽  
Flight Muscle ◽  
Insect Flight ◽  
Insect Flight Muscle ◽  
Fab Fragment ◽  
Thin Filaments ◽  
Gold Particles ◽  
Almost All

Insect flight muscle has a large component (Tn-H) in the tropomyosin-troponin complex that is not present in vertebrate striated muscle thin filaments. Tn-H is shown by gold/Fab labelling to be present at regular intervals in insect flight muscle thin filaments. The Fab fragment of a monoclonal antibody to Tn-H was conjugated directly with colloidal gold and this probe used to label isolated thin filaments from the flight muscle of Lethocerus indicus (water bug). The distribution of gold particles seen in electron microscope images of negatively stained thin filaments was analysed to show that the probe bound to sites having a periodicity of approximately 40 nm, which is the expected value for the tropomyosin-troponin repeat. Conjugates of Fab with colloidal gold particles of 3 nm diameter labelled almost all sites. Conjugates with gold particles of 5 nm and 10 nm diameter labelled less efficiently (70% and 30%, respectively) but analysis of the distribution of inter-particle intervals among a number of filaments again gave the same fundamental spacing of 40 nm. The error in the measurements (standard deviation approximately +/− 4.2 for 5 nm gold/Fab) is less than earlier estimates for the size of the gold/Fab complex. Measurements on gold/Fab in negative stain suggest that the bound Fab contributes a shell about 2 nm in thickness around the gold particle. The radius of the probe (about 4.5 nm for 5 nm gold/Fab) would then be consistent with the value of error found. The size of the probe suggests that the gold particle binds to the side of the Fab molecule, rather close to the antibody combining site. The potential resolution of the technique may thus be better than originally expected.

Colloidal gold particles as a new in vivo marker of early acute lung injury

2004 ◽  
Vol 287 (4) ◽  
pp. L867-L878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Heckel ◽  
Rainer Kiefmann ◽  
Martina Dörger ◽  
Mechthild Stoeckelhuber ◽  
Alwin E. Goetz
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Acute Lung Injury ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Colloidal Gold ◽  
Microvascular Permeability ◽  
Arterial Oxygen ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gold Particles

Permeability of the endothelial barrier to large molecules plays a pivotal role in the manifestation of early acute lung injury. We present a novel and sensitive technique that brings microanatomical visualization and quantification of microvascular permeability in line. White New Zealand rabbits were anesthetized and ventilated mechanically. Rabbit serum albumin (RSA) was labeled with colloidal gold particles. We quantified macromolecular leakage of gold-labeled RSA and thickening of the gas exchange distance by electron microscopy, taking into account morphology of microvessels. The control group receiving a saline solution represented a normal gas exchange barrier without extravasation of gold-labeled albumin. Infusion of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) resulted in a significant displacement of gold-labeled albumin into pulmonary cells, the lung interstitium, and even the alveolar space. Correspondingly, intravital fluorescence microscopy and digital image analysis indicated thickening of width of alveolar septa. The findings were accompanied by a deterioration of alveolo-arterial oxygen difference, whereas wet/dry ratio and albumin concentration in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid failed to detect that early stage of pulmonary edema. Inhibition of the nuclear enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase by 3-aminobenzamide prevented LPS-induced microvascular injury. To summarize: colloidal gold particles visualized by standard electron microscopy are a new and very sensitive in vivo marker of microvascular permeability in early acute lung injury. This technique enabling detailed microanatomical and quantitative pathophysiological characterization of edema formation can form the basis for evaluating novel treatment strategies against acute lung injury.

scholarly journals Post-embedding colloidal gold immunolocalization of laminin to the lamina rara interna, lamina densa, and lamina rara externa of renal glomerular basement membranes.

1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 847-853 ◽  
Author(s):  
D R Abrahamson
Keyword(s):  
Colloidal Gold ◽  
Basement Membranes ◽  
Lamina Densa ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Gold Particles ◽  
Rabbit Igg ◽  
Gold Immunolocalization ◽  
Lowicryl K4m

Ultrastructural distribution of laminin within renal glomerular (GBM) and tubular basement membranes (TBM) was investigated using post-embedding immunolocalization with colloidal gold. Rat kidneys were fixed with 4% formaldehyde and embedded at 4 degrees C in Lowicryl K4M medium. Thin sections were then sequentially treated with affinity-purified rabbit anti-laminin IgG and anti-rabbit IgG conjugated to 10 nm diameter colloidal gold. Gold bound specifically to the GBM and TBM with particle densities of 690/micron2 and 731/micron2, respectively. In the GBM, the number of gold particles bound/micron2 of lamina densa greater than lamina rara externa greater than lamina rara interna. Closely similar binding patterns were found when kidneys were fixed with 0.5% glutaraldehyde plus 3% formaldehyde and embedded at 60 degrees C in L.R. White resin, but slightly less gold bound to sections overall than that seen with formaldehyde alone and Lowicryl. Taken together, these results illustrate that anti-laminin IgG, whether applied to fixed sections in vitro or introduced in vivo, bound to the lamina rara interna, lamina densa, and lamina rara externa of the GBM and throughout the TBM.

scholarly journals Preparation of Protein a Gold

1997 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 12-13
Author(s):  
Paul Webster
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Colloidal Gold ◽  
Protein A ◽  
List Type ◽  
Type Number ◽  
Stained Glass ◽  
Small Particles ◽  
Silver Enhancement ◽  
Gold Particles

Colloidal gold has been used for centuries in the preparation of stained glass for windows and fine glassware. In recent years, colloidal gold particles have become a useful tool in microscopy for staining tissues and sections. Colloidal gold particles are especially useful for biological electron microscopy, Some of the reasons why are listed below.*Homogeneous preparations of particles varying in size from 3μm to 20μm can be easily prepared.*Colloidal gold suspensions are inexpensive to prepare. Most proteins can be easily coupled to colloidal gold particles.*Most proteins can be easily coupled to colloidal gold particles.*Proteins coupled to gold particles do not appear to lose their biological activity.*The colloidal gold particles can be easily seen in the electron microscope.*Colloidal gold does not naturally occur in biological material. Therefore, if you see it, it is because you put it there.*Colloidal gold probes can be used for light microscopy, The larger gold particles can be directly observed by the light microscope. Small particles are detected by silver enhancement or epipolarized illumination.*The same probes can be used for both LM and TEM imrnunocytochemistry.

Synchrotron X-ray synthesis of colloidal gold particles for drug delivery

2006 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yung-Chin Yang ◽  
Chang-Hai Wang ◽  
Yeu-Kuang Hwu ◽  
Jung-Ho Je
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Colloidal Gold ◽  
Gold Particles ◽  
X Ray

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 Persistence: Data Summary up to Q2 2020

Data ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriele Cervino ◽  
Luca Fiorillo ◽  
Giovanni Surace ◽  
Valeria Paduano ◽  
Maria Teresa Fiorillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Literature ◽  
The World ◽  
New Guidelines ◽  
Therapy And Diagnosis

The coronavirus pandemic is causing confusion in the world. This confusion also affects the different guidelines adopted by each country. The persistence of Coronavirus, responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) has been evaluated by different articles, but it is still not well-defined, and the method of diffusion is unclear. The aim of this manuscript is to underline new Coronavirus persistence features on different environments and surfaces. The scientific literature is still poor on this topic and research is mainly focused on therapy and diagnosis, rather than the characteristics of the virus. These data could be an aid to summarize virus features and formulate new guidelines and anti-spread strategies.

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