Global View on Alzheimer’s Disease and Diabetes Mellitus: Threats, Risks and Treatment Alzheimer’s Disease and Diabetes Mellitus

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (14) ◽  
pp. 1277-1282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blanka Klimova ◽  
Kamil Kuca ◽  
Petra Maresova
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Economic Threat ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Randomized Control ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Effect

The incidence of both diabetes and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is increasing and is becoming a social and economic threat worldwide. Recent research studies indicate that both diseases share some pathophysiological features and that specifically, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a risk factor of Alzheimer’s disease. The aim of this study is to explore the relationship between diabetes mellitus and AD, explore the efficacy of selected drugs on patients with diabetes and AD, and compare the relative risk of diabetes for Alzheimer’s disease within different clinical studies. The method of literature search in several acknowledged databases such as Web of Science, Elsevier Science Direct, PubMed and Scopus in the period from 2000 to 2015 for the following keywords: “Alzheimer’s AND disease AND diabetes AND mellitus” was used. The identified studies were divided into two basic groups, based on their focus: efficacy of the selected drugs on patients suffering from AD and diabetes, and a link between diabetes and AD; as diabetes is seen as a risk factor of AD. The findings of this study confirm that there is a close and direct link between diabetes and AD, which indicates that there is a need for early diagnosis of metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, and T2DM. In fact, the reviewed clinical trials have proved an increase in the risk of AD. However, the values of this risk are relatively low. The results also illustrate that both pharmacological (e.g., the antidiabetic drugs together with insulin dosing) and nonpharmacological (e.g., being intensively engaged in physical activities) treatments can have a positive effect. The results of this study confirm that diabetes and AD are not independent disorders since they share some common pathophysiological mechanisms. In addition, more clinical randomized control trials are needed to explore the efficacy of both pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches to the treatment of T2DM and AD.

scholarly journals Diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer’s disease

2011 ◽  
Vol 152 (13) ◽  
pp. 512-515
Author(s):  
Pál Salacz ◽  
Éva Csibri
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Vascular Effects ◽  
Neurodegenerative Process ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes ◽  
Aging Societies ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Effect

The incidence of Alzheimer’s disease and diabetes is increasing with age. Thus, in light of demographic change and aging societies, they are becoming a growing issue for public health. Further, there are linkages between the two diseases. In particular, risk assessment studies suggest that type 2 diabetes mellitus is a risk factor of Alzheimer’s disease. Hence, even though Alzheimer’s disease can only be influenced to a limited extent, optimal treatment of diabetes mellitus may have also a positive effect on Alzheimer’s disease. While the relationship between the two diseases is not yet completely clear, in addition to the known vascular effects of diabetes mellitus recent results shed light on central nervous system effects directly influencing the neurodegenerative process. Treatment of central insulin resistance, a phenomenon explored in recent years, may be a promising avenue, not only in addressing metabolic disorder, but also Alzheimer’s disease. Orv. Hetil., 2011, 152, 512–515.

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus as a Risk Factor for Alzheimer’s Disease

2016 ◽  
pp. 387-413
Author(s):  
Jacqueline A. Bonds ◽  
Peter C. Hart ◽  
Richard D. Minshall ◽  
Orly Lazarov ◽  
Jacob M. Haus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factor

Diabetes Mellitus Is a Risk Factor for Vascular Dementia, but Not for Alzheimer's Disease: A Population-Based Study of the Oldest Old

2002 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda B. Hassing ◽  
Boo Johansson ◽  
Sven E. Nilsson ◽  
Stig Berg ◽  
Nancy L. Pedersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Vascular Dementia ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Diabetes Diagnosis ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: The purpose of this study was to examine if Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a risk factor for dementia in very old age, specifically for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD). Methods: We evaluated the risk of dementia in relation to Type 2 diabetes using a population-based sample of 702 individuals aged 80 years and older (mean age 83 years). A total of 187 persons received a dementia diagnosis. Thirty-one individuals had a diabetes diagnosis prior to onset of the dementia. Results: Cox proportional hazard analyses, adjusted for age, gender, education, smoking habits, and circulatory diseases, indicated an elevated risk to develop VaD (relative risk = 2.54, 95% confidence interval 1.35–4.78) in individuals with diabetes mellitus. No association was found between diabetes and AD. Conclusion: Type 2 diabetes is selectively related to the different subtypes of dementia. There is no increased risk of AD but more than a twofold risk of VaD in persons with diabetes.

scholarly journals The Action of Polyphenols in Diabetes Mellitus and Alzheimer's Disease: A Common Agent for Overlapping Pathologies

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 590-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana C. Silveira ◽  
Jane Pires Dias ◽  
Vanessa M. Santos ◽  
Pedro Fontes Oliveira ◽  
Marco G. Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Genetic Alterations ◽  
Therapeutic Alternatives ◽  
The Relationship

:Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are two prevalent diseases in modern societies, which are caused mainly by current lifestyle, aging and genetic alterations. It has already been demonstrated that these two diseases are associated, since individuals suffering from DM are prone to develop AD. Conversely, it is also known that individuals with AD are more susceptible to DM, namely type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Therefore, these two pathologies, although completely different in terms of symptomatology, end up sharing several mechanisms at the molecular level, with the most obvious being the increase of oxidative stress and inflammation.:Polyphenols are natural compounds widely spread in fruits and vegetables whose dietary intake has been considered inversely proportional to the incidence of DM and AD. So, it is believed that this group of phytochemicals may have preventive and therapeutic potential, not only by reducing the risk and delaying the development of these pathologies, but also by improving brain’s metabolic profile and cognitive function.:The aim of this review is to understand the extent to which DM and AD are related pathologies, the degree of similarity and the relationship between them, to detail the molecular mechanisms by which polyphenols may exert a protective effect, such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, and highlight possible advantages of their use as common preventive and therapeutic alternatives.

The Relationship between Dyslipidemia and Alzheimer’s Disease in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heug-chun Keon ◽  
Ji-hyeong Jang ◽  
Min Seo ◽  
Jee-hye Kang ◽  
Tae-eun Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Insulin Resistance and Diabetes Mellitus in Alzheimer’s Disease

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1236
Author(s):  
Jesús Burillo ◽  
Patricia Marqués ◽  
Beatriz Jiménez ◽  
Carlos González-Blanco ◽  
Manuel Benito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Signaling ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Progressive Disease

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a progressive disease that is characterized by the appearance of insulin resistance. The term insulin resistance is very wide and could affect different proteins involved in insulin signaling, as well as other mechanisms. In this review, we have analyzed the main molecular mechanisms that could be involved in the connection between type 2 diabetes and neurodegeneration, in general, and more specifically with the appearance of Alzheimer’s disease. We have studied, in more detail, the different processes involved, such as inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy, and mitochondrial dysfunction.

scholarly journals Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Alzheimer’s Disease: Role of Insulin Signalling and Therapeutic Implications

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 3306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Tumminia ◽  
Federica Vinciguerra ◽  
Miriam Parisi ◽  
Lucia Frittitta
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Insulin Signalling ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Neuronal Stem Cell

In the last two decades, numerous in vitro studies demonstrated that insulin receptors and theirs downstream pathways are widely distributed throughout the brain. This evidence has proven that; at variance with previous believes; insulin/insulin-like-growth-factor (IGF) signalling plays a crucial role in the regulation of different central nervous system (CNS) tasks. The most important of these functions include: synaptic formation; neuronal plasticity; learning; memory; neuronal stem cell activation; neurite growth and repair. Therefore; dysfunction at different levels of insulin signalling and metabolism can contribute to the development of a number of brain disorders. Growing evidences demonstrate a close relationship between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease. They, in fact, share many pathophysiological characteristics comprising impaired insulin sensitivity, amyloid β accumulation, tau hyper-phosphorylation, brain vasculopathy, inflammation and oxidative stress. In this article, we will review the clinical and experimental evidences linking insulin resistance, T2DM and neurodegeneration, with the objective to specifically focus on insulin signalling-related mechanisms. We will also evaluate the pharmacological strategies targeting T2DM as potential therapeutic tools in patients with cognitive impairment.

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