A Review on Different Analytical Techniques for Determination of DNP Drugs and Their Metabolites in Pharmaceutical Formulations

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Puja Bag ◽  
Bhupinder Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Diabetic Neuropathy ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Diabetic Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Drug Content

Background: Neuropathy is the most common perplexity of diabetes 1 and 2. About 50% diabetic patients develop Diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP). At the beginning of diabetic neuropathy; results loss of sense especially in the lower limb, pain, and difficulty in movement. Glucose regulation effectively prevents the development of diabetic neuropathy in type 1 diabetic patients but the consequences in type 2 diabetic patients are more drastic. Introduction: No single treatment exists to prevent or renovate the pain caused by diabetic neuropathy. The drugs used for the treatment of DNP come in various formulations and with different storage conditions. Till date, the number of analytical methodologies has been reported for analysis of DNP drugs. Few reports are published describing analytical methods of single DNP drugs. Method: The main objective of this review is to compile the different analytical methods developed at UV-Vis (Ultraviolet-visible) spectrophotometer, HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) and LC-MS (Liquid Chromatography-Mass spectrometry) to identify and quantify the drug content in various formulations which are used to treat or prevent the Diabetic neuropathic pain mainly focusing on γ-aminobutyric acid analogues, anti-depressants, serotonin noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), aldose reductase inhibitors, opioids, and dietary supplements. Results and Discussion: We have compiled UV-Vis, HPLC and Liquid Chromatography-Mass spectrometry analytical methods developed to study the pharmacokinetic profile, quantify drug content and their metabolites in plasma as well as pharmaceutical formulations. The authors believe that the mentioned studies in the report will help audible readers to select a suitable method for analysis of these drugs and also help researchers to develop a more convenient, fast and sensitive method for these.

A Review of Analytical Methods for the Determination of Tibolone: Pharmacokinetics and Pharmaceutical Formulations Analysis and Application in Doping Control

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
Marilene Lopes Ângelo ◽  
Fernanda de Lima Moreira ◽  
Ana Laura Araújo Santos ◽  
Hérida Regina Nunes Salgado ◽  
Magali Benjamim de Araújo
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Estrogenic Activity ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Doping Control ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
In Doping

Background:: Tibolone is a synthetic steroid commercialized by Organon under the brand name Livial (Org OD14), which is used in hormone therapy for menopause management and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Tibolone is defined as a selective tissue estrogenic activity regulator (STEAR) demonstrating tissue-specific effects on several organs such as brain, breast, urogenital tract, endometrium, bone and cardiovascular system. Aims:: This work aims to (1) present an overview of important published literature on existing methods for the analysis of tibolone and/or its metabolites in pharmaceutical formulations and biological fluids and (2) to conduct a critical comparison of the analytical methods used in doping control, pharmacokinetics and pharmaceutical formulations analysis of tibolone and its metabolites. Results and conclusions: : The major analytical method described for the analysis of tibolone in pharmaceutical formulations is High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) coupled with ultraviolet (UV) detection, while Liquid Chromatography (LC) or Gas Chromatography (GC) used in combination with Mass Spectrometry (MS) or tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) is employed for the analysis of tibolone and/or its metabolites in biological fluids.

Developments in mycotoxin analysis: an update for 2015-2016

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Berthiller ◽  
C. Brera ◽  
M.H. Iha ◽  
R. Krska ◽  
V.M.T. Lattanzio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Ergot Alkaloids ◽  
Sampling Strategies ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Mycotoxin Analysis

This review summarises developments in the determination of mycotoxins over a period between mid-2015 and mid-2016. Analytical methods to determine aflatoxins, Alternaria toxins, ergot alkaloids, fumonisins, ochratoxins, patulin, trichothecenes and zearalenone are covered in individual sections. Advances in proper sampling strategies are discussed in a dedicated section, as are methods used to analyse botanicals and spices and newly developed liquid chromatography mass spectrometry based multi-mycotoxin methods. This critical review aims to briefly discuss the most important recent developments and trends in mycotoxin determination as well as to address limitations of presented methodologies.

Quantification of serum 1,5-anhydroglucitol in uremic and diabetic patients by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry

1994 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Niwa ◽  
L Dewald ◽  
J Sone ◽  
T Miyazaki ◽  
M Kajita
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Pressure Chemical Ionization ◽  
Pressure Chemical ◽  
Uremic Patients ◽  
High Concentrations

Abstract We developed a new method for measuring serum 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG), using liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure chemical-ionization mass spectrometry (LC/MS). With this method we measured serum 1,5-AG concentrations in uremic and diabetic patients and compared these values with those determined by an enzymatic method. Serum 1,5-AG concentrations were significantly less in the undialyzed and dialyzed uremic patients and in diabetic patients; the values in the dialyzed patients decreased after hemodialysis. In uremic patients with high concentrations of serum myo-inositol, the 1,5-AG values determined by LC/MS were significantly lower than those determined enzymatically. There was no significant correlation between 1,5-AG and fructosamine in the uremic patients. These results demonstrate that serum 1,5-AG cannot be used as an index for glycemic control in uremic patients and that the LC/MS method is indicated in uremic patients with high concentrations of myo-inositol.

A REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR ESTIMATION OF TADALAFIL IN PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATIONS

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 52 (03) ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
Z. G. Khan ◽  
◽  
S. B Bari ◽  
S. J. Surana ◽  
A. A. Shirkhedkar
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Inhibitor

Tadalafil (TAD) is a selective phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor. It is utilized for the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED) and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). It enhances the sexual performance in males during copulation. It is recommended in the guidelines as first-line therapy, because of convenience, high efficacy and low rates of side effects. As a result of the importance of this phosphodiesterase inhibitor agent in the treatment of ED, this work aims to compile the published analytical methods reported so far in the literature, for determination of TAD in biological samples and pharmaceutical formulations. Techniques like UV-VIS spectrophotometry, spectrofluorimetry, high - performance liquid – chromatography (HPLC), high - performance thin - layer chromatography (HPTLC), gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (GC-MS), liquid chromatography – mass spectrometry (LC-MS) with electrospray ionisation have been used for analysis, while high-performance liquid chromatography methods have been used most extensively.

scholarly journals Hydrogen sulfide attenuates diabetic neuropathic pain through NO/cGMP/PKG pathway and μ-opioid receptor

2020 ◽  
Vol 245 (9) ◽  
pp. 823-834
Author(s):  
Hao Li ◽  
Shulin Liu ◽  
Zheng Wang ◽  
Yonglai Zhang ◽  
Kaiguo Wang
Keyword(s):  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Diabetic Neuropathy ◽  
Opioid Receptor ◽  
Pain Modulation ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Spontaneous Pain ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Diabetic Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Μ Opioid Receptor

Diabetic neuropathic pain is a frequent complication of diabetic neuropathy. The specific manifestations of diabetic neuropathic pain include spontaneous pain and hyperalgesia, which seriously affect the quality of life of patients. Previous publications have shown that H2S has both pro-nociceptive and anti-nociceptive effects. This present investigation aimed to examine the anti-nociceptive effect of H2S on diabetic neuropathic pain. We established a diabetic neuropathic pain animal model with high-glucose, high-fat diet, and STZ, then treated rats with different concentrations of H2S and inhibitors of NOS, sGC, PKG, and opioid receptors. The mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia of rats were measured to assess the anti-nociceptive effects of H2S. The mRNA and protein expression of NOS and PKG1 were measured to explore their roles in the anti-nociceptive action of H2S. The results revealed that inhalation of H2S gas had anti-nociceptive effect in diabetic neuropathic pain model rats without affecting the blood glucose level and body mass. It increased the mRNA and protein level of nNOS, and the inhibitor of nNOS, 7-NI, abolished the anti-nociceptive effect of H2S. Furthermore, inhibitors of sGC and PKG could also abolish the anti-nociceptive effect of H2S. The expression of PKG1 was found to be increased by H2S, which was reversed by the inhibitors of nNOS, sGC, and PKG. Finally, CTOP, a μ-opioid receptor antagonist, abolished the anti-nociceptive effect of H2S, indicating that the μ-opioid receptor plays a role in the anti-nociceptive effect of H2S. In conclusion, the findings of this investigation suggest that hydrogen sulfide may attenuate the diabetic neuropathic pain through NO/cGMP/PKG pathway and μ-opioid receptor. Impact statement There are currently approximately 425 million diabetic patients worldwide, of which approximately 90% of patients with diabetes suffer from neuropathy. Diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP) is a common complication of diabetic neuropathy. Nearly half of the patients hospitalized with diabetes have pain symptoms or symptoms related to neurological injury, and the incidence increases with age and diabetic duration. Anti-DNP analgesics have either limited therapeutic effects or serious side effects or lack of clinical trials, which has limited their application. Physiopathological mechanisms and treatment of DNP remain a significant challenge. The present confirmed that inhalation of H2S may attenuate the diabetic neuropathic pain through NO/cGMP/PKG pathway and μ-opioid receptor. It provides us the animal study foundation for the application of H2S on the treatment of DNP and clarifies some target molecules in the pain modulation of DNP.

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