Nanotechnology in Enzyme Immobilization: An Overview on Enzyme Immobilization with Nanoparticle Matrix

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 234-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kushagri Singh ◽  
Abha Mishra ◽  
Deepankar Sharma ◽  
Kavita Singh
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Immobilization ◽  
Operating Parameter ◽  
Normal Incidence ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Natural Polymer ◽  
Continuous Release ◽  
Enzyme Encapsulation ◽  
Immobilization Techniques ◽  
Biological Methods ◽  
Encapsulation Methods

Engineering of biocatalysts with the help of immobilization techniques is a worthy approach for the advancement of enzyme function and stability and is finer to the other chemical as well as biological methods. These biocatalysts encapsulation methods actually use very gentle method conditions that hardly affect biocatalysts internal specific biocatalytic activity and this leads to its internment without losing its freedom but restrict the movements related to unfolding. Additionally, enzyme encapsulation somehow imitates their mode of normal incidence within the cells and it also provides secured surroundings for enzymes to the operating parameter changes. According to these advantages, enzyme encapsulation finds enhanced applications in a wide variety of fields such as medicine and sustained or continuous release delivery systems, biosensing, clinic diagnostic, biocatalysts in the manufacture of high-value yield correlated to pharmaceuticals especially in cancer cure, fragrances as well as flavors. This review mainly focuses on the current status of enzyme immobilization using nanocarriers, nanoparticles or polymeric matrix materials, which aim to summarize the latest research on the natural polymer, chitosan based nanoparticles in various enzyme immobilizations.

Current Status of Immobilization Techniques for Geological Disposal of Radioactive Iodine in Japan

2015 ◽  
Vol 1744 ◽  
pp. 3-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuya Idemitsu ◽  
Tomofumi Sakuragi
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Radioactive Iodine ◽  
Hot Isostatic Pressing ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Synthetic Rock ◽  
Solidified Waste ◽  
Bearing Materials ◽  
Deep Underground ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Immobilization Techniques

ABSTRACTNuclear reprocessing plants in Japan produce radioactive iodine-bearing materials such as spent silver adsorbents. Japanese disposal plans classify radioactive waste containing a given quantity of iodine-129 as Transuranic Waste Group 1 for spent silver adsorbent or as Group 3 for bitumen-solidified waste, and stipulate that such waste must be disposed of by burial deep underground. Given the long half-life of iodine-129 of 15.7 million years, it is difficult to prevent release of iodine-129 from the waste into the surrounding environment in the long term. Moreover, because ionic iodine is soluble and not readily adsorbed, its migration is not significantly retarded by engineered or natural barriers. The release of iodine-129 from nuclear waste therefore must be restricted to permit reliable safety assessment; this technique is called “controlled release”. It is desirable that the release period for iodine be longer than 100,000 years. To this end, several techniques for immobilization of iodine have been developed; three leading techniques are the use of synthetic rock (alumina matrix solidification), BPI (BiPbO2I) glass, and high-performance cement. Iodine is fixed as AgI in the grain boundary of corundum or quartz through hot isostatic pressing in synthetic rock, as BPI in boron/lead-based glass, or as cement minerals such as ettringite in high-performance alumina cement. These techniques are assessed by three models: the corrosion model, the leaching model, and the solubility-equilibrium model. This paper describes the current status of these three techniques.

scholarly journals Microbial Technologies Employed for Biodegradation of Neonicotinoids in the Agroecosystem

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajjad Ahmad ◽  
Dongming Cui ◽  
Guohua Zhong ◽  
Jie Liu
Keyword(s):  
Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Acetylcholine Receptors ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Nervous Stimulation ◽  
The World ◽  
Synthetic Pesticides ◽  
Immobilization Techniques ◽  
Biological Methods

Neonicotinoids are synthetic pesticides widely used for the control of various pests in agriculture throughout the world. They mainly attack the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, generate nervous stimulation, receptor clot, paralysis and finally cause death. They are low volatile, highly soluble and have a long half-life in soil and water. Due to their extensive use, the environmental residues have immensely increased in the last two decades and caused many hazardous effects on non-target organisms, including humans. Hence, for the protection of the environment and diversity of living organism’s the degradation of neonicotinoids has received widespread attention. Compared to the other methods, biological methods are considered cost-effective, eco-friendly and most efficient. In particular, the use of microbial species makes the degradation of xenobiotics more accessible fast and active due to their smaller size. Since this degradation also converts xenobiotics into less toxic substances, the various metabolic pathways for the microbial degradation of neonicotinoids have been systematically discussed. Additionally, different enzymes, genes, plasmids and proteins are also investigated here. At last, this review highlights the implementation of innovative tools, databases, multi-omics strategies and immobilization techniques of microbial cells to detect and degrade neonicotinoids in the environment.

Recent advances in enzyme immobilization techniques: Metal-organic frameworks as novel substrates

2016 ◽  
Vol 322 ◽  
pp. 30-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyotsana Mehta ◽  
Neha Bhardwaj ◽  
Sanjeev K. Bhardwaj ◽  
Ki-Hyun Kim ◽  
Akash Deep
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Immobilization ◽  
Metal Organic Frameworks ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Immobilization Techniques

scholarly journals Devastated Crops: Multifunctional Efficacy for the Production of Nanoparticles

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Madhumitha ◽  
Selvaraj Mohana Roopan
Keyword(s):  
Metal Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Toxic Chemicals ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Nanoparticles Synthesis ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Specific Shape ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Biological Methods ◽  
Shape And Size

Integration of green chemistry principles to nanotechnology is one of the key issues in nanoscience research. Biological methods were used to synthesize metal and metal oxide nanoparticles of specific shape and size since they enhance the properties of nanoparticles in greener route. Plant-mediated methods devoid the use of toxic chemicals in the synthetic protocols which has adverse effects on the environment. Owing to the rich biodiversity of plants and their potential secondary constituents, plants and plant parts have gained attention in recent years as medium for nanoparticles' synthesis. In this review, we present the current status of nanoparticles synthesis using devastated crops.

scholarly journals Recent Developments in Carriers and Non-Aqueous Solvents for Enzyme Immobilization

Catalysts ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zongpei Zhao ◽  
Meng-Cheng Zhou ◽  
Run-Lin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Immobilization ◽  
Metal Organic Frameworks ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Organic Ligands ◽  
Enzyme Properties ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Immobilization Techniques ◽  
Immobilization Method

Immobilization techniques are generally based on reusing enzymes in industrial applications to reduce costs and improve enzyme properties. These techniques have been developing for decades, and many methods for immobilizing enzymes have been designed. To find a better immobilization method, it is necessary to review the recently developed methods and have a clear overview of the advantages and limitations of each method. This review introduces the recently reported immobilization methods and discusses the improvements in enzyme properties by different methods. Among the techniques to improve enzyme properties, metal–organic frameworks, which have diverse structures, abundant organic ligands and metal nodes, offer a promising platform.

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