Does COVID-19 Change CSR? A Family Business Perspective

The purpose of this study was to analyze the #Damos La Cara (“Let’s show our face”) initiative, which is an initiative promoted by the Instituto de la Empresa Familiar, the most representative organization of family businesses in Spain. This analysis allowed us to characterize the Spanish family business and to analyze their reactions and interventions in the face of the crisis posed by COVID-19 from the perspective of CSR. The methodology used consisted of a content analysis, viewing 127 videos wherein family members presented their companies and the activities carried out to improve their relations with their employees and their environment. The conclusions reached allowed us to affirm that they were mostly second- and third-generation companies from the manufacturing sector; the most repeated actions were social commitment to their workers (internal) and the donation of medical materials (corporate). To the best of our knowledge, this was the first time that an analysis of these characteristics had been carried out in the field of family businesses. This analysis showed the intense philanthropic activity carried out by Spanish family businesses, not only in emergencies but also as a regular activity and as a consequence of their values and long-term vision.

PENERAPAN STANDAR PROSEDUR OPERASIONAL (SPO) PENERIMAAN DALAM MENJAGA KUALITAS MUTU SEDIAAN FARMASI DI APOTEK X

Standar Pelayanan Kefarmasian adalah tolak ukur yang dipergunakan sebagai pedoman bagi tenaga kefarmasian dalam menyelenggarakan pelayanan kefarmasian. Salah satu faktor yang mendukung adalah pengelolaan sediaan farmasi dan alat kesehatan yang mencakup bagian penerimaan. Penerimaan dalam perundang-undangan yang berlaku di Indonesia diatur dalam Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Nomor 73 tahun 2016 tentang Standar Pelayanan Kefarmasian di Apotek. Penerimaan merupakan kegiatan untuk menjamin kesesuaian jenis, spesifikasi, jumlah, mutu, waktu penyerahan dan harga yang tertera dalam surat pesanan dengan kondisi fisik yang diterima. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerapan Standar Prosedur Operasional (SPO) di Apotek X telah sesuai dengan peraturan perundang-undangan. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah observasional deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif yang bertujuan untuk mendapatkan informasi yang lebih mendalam tentang penerimaan dilakukan di Apotek X. Standards of Pharmaceutical Services are benchmarks used as guidelines for pharmaceutical personnel in carrying out pharmaceutical services. One supporting factor is the management of pharmaceutical products, medical devices, and consumable medical materials that include the reception. Reception of pharmaceutical products has been regulated by Minister of Health Regulation Number 73 of 2016 concerning The Standards of Pharmaceutical Services at Pharmacy. Reception is an activity to ensure the suitability of type, specifications, quantity, quality, delivery time and price stated in the order letter with physical conditions received. This study aims to determine the application of Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) in Pharmacy X in accordance with statutory regulations. This type of research is a descriptive observational study with a qualitative approach that aims to get more in-depth information about acceptance conducted at Pharmacy X.

INVENTORY CONTROL OF DISPOSABLE MEDICAL MATERIALS AT THE BALI MANDARA EYE HOSPITAL

Background: As a health service institution, hospitals have characteristics and management complexities which have an impact on their financing aspects. Controlling the supply of pharmaceutical supplies aims to create a balance between supply and demand in order to realize effective and efficient health services.Aims: This study aimed to design a method for controlling the optimal supply of disposable medical materials at the Bali Mandara Eye Hospital, Bali. Methods: This is a qualitative study based on in-depth interviews with three informants, and involving 11 doctors (users) to determine the critical value of disposable medical materials.Results: ABC analysis was used to classify all types of goods based on their importance to determine priorities based on the value of use. The budget allocation was dominated by only a small portion or only a few types of pharmaceutical supplies. The results show that there was a decrease in the total cost of inventory by 19.14% after the application of the EOQ method. The application of the reorder point (ROP) method can anticipate the occurrence of stock outs or vacancies.Conclusion: The EOQ method is more efficient than the conventional method applied at the Bali Mandara Eye Hospital Pharmacy Installation. The EOQ and ROP methods greatly affect the efficiency and effectiveness of controlling the inventory of medical disposable materials at the Bali Mandara Eye Hospital.Keywords: : inventory control, effective and efficient, medical disposable materials

A Smart Mobile Application to Simplify Medical Documents and Improve Health Literacy: System Design and Feasibility Validation (Preprint)

BACKGROUND People with low health literacy experience more challenges in understanding instructions given by their health providers, following prescriptions, and understanding their healthcare system well enough to get the maximum benefits. People with insufficient health literacy have a higher risk of making medical mistakes, more chances of experiencing adverse drug effects, and inferior control of chronic diseases. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to design, develop, and evaluate a mHealth application, MediReader, to help individuals better understand complex medical materials and improve their health literacy. METHODS MediReader is designed and implemented through several steps: (1) Measure and understand an individual’s health literacy level. (2) Identify medical terminologies the individual may not understand based on his/her health literacy. (3) Annotate and interpret the identified medical terminologies tailored to the individual’s reading skill levels with meanings defined in the appropriate external knowledge sources. (4) Evaluate MediReader with task-based user study and satisfaction surveys. RESULTS Based on the comparison with a control group, user study results demonstrate that MediReader can improve users’ understanding of medical documents. The improvement is especially significant for users with lower health literacy levels. The satisfaction survey shows that users are satisfied with the tool in general. CONCLUSIONS MediReader provides an easy-to-use interface for users to read and understand medical documents. It can effectively identify medical terms a user may not understand, and then annotate and interpret them with appropriate meanings with languages that the user can understand. Experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of using this tool to improve an individual’s understanding of medical materials.

Overview of Distribution of Medicines and Consumable Medical Materials (Bmhp) from Pharmacy Warehouse Pharmacy Depot to Inpatient Installations of Diseases in General Hospital in South Tangerang City in 2021

The problem in distributing pharmaceutical preparations that often occur in hospitals is when medicines arrive late at the hospital pharmacy depot/satellite. Not only employees who feel loss but patients who need medicines are even more harmed because they have to wait for the medicine that comes too late. The type of research used in this study is descriptive qualitative research using case study design. Primary data is obtained from direct observations and in-depth interviews and document studies. This research was conducted in South Tangerang City Hospital from May to June 2021. Based on the results of research obtained for input obtained human resources results in pharmaceutical warehouses are not adequate, infrastructure to distribute medicines and medical materials consumables to the room has not been up to standard. In the process obtained results that have been done by the distribution flow of drugs and medical materials consumables. In the output obtained results there is still a void of drugs. Conclusion In the input of human resources in the Pharmacy Warehouse is not adequate, the infrastructure in distributing medicines and medical materials consumables to the room has not been up to standard. The distribution process has been carried out by the standards of operational procedures in force. At the output is still the discovery of empty drug stocks. Suggest the head of the warehouse to be able to supervise the SOP that the distribution of drugs and BMHP. The need to hold a special trolley addition in the Pharmacy Warehouse to facilitate the distribution of drugs and medical materials consumables.

An In vivo Experimental Study on Investigation of the Osseointegration of Zeolites A and Silicalite in Rats

Background: Zeolites are naturally occurring and can be artificially synthesized hydrated microporous crystallized aluminosilicates. Thus far, medical materials have comprised polycrystalline materials, glass, glass-ceramics and ceramic-filled composites for bone repair. The study aimed to investigate the potential in vivo osseointegration of two types of zeolites (A and silicalite) in rats by histologically presenting the repair process. Methods: Bone cavities of 1 mm3 were formed in rats and filled either with zeolite A or silicalite to investigate the possibility of using zeolites to repair bone defects. A comparative histological evaluation was performed regarding the interaction of zeolites with bone tissue and their osseointegration capacity for 15, 30 and 45-day intervals. Result: According to the results obtained, the growth of both fibrous and bone tissues took place around the zeolites placed in the live organism. It was observed that the zeolites used in this study did not give rise to necrosis, local tissue reaction, allergic or and any other harmful response. In conclusion, histopathology revealed that zeolites A and silicalite were biocompatible with the bone and could integrate with it at certain time intervals.

Surface Modification of Bamboo Charcoal by O2 Plasma Treatment and UV-Grafted Thermo-Sensitive AgNPs Hydrogel to Improve Antibacterial Properties in Biomedical Application

With the advancement of science and modern medical technology, more and more medical materials and implants are used in medical treatment and to improve human life. The safety of invasive medical materials and the prevention of infection are gradually being valued. Therefore, avoiding operation failure or wound infection and inflammation caused by surgical infection is one of the most important topics in current medical technology. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have minor irritation and toxicity to cells and have a broad-spectrum antibacterial effect without causing bacterial resistance and other problems. They are also less toxic to the human body. Bamboo charcoal (BC) is a bioinert material with a porous structure, light characteristics, and low density, like bone quality. It can be used as a lightweight bone filling material. However, it does not have any antibacterial function. This study synthesized AgNPs under the ultraviolet (UV) photochemical method by reducing silver nitrate with sodium citrate. The formation and distribution of AgNPs were confirmed by UV-visible spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction measurement (XRD). The BC was treated by O2 plasma to increase the number of polar functional groups on the surface. Then, UV light-induced graft polymerization of N-isopropyl acrylamide (NIPAAm) and AgNPs were applied onto the BC to immobilize thermos-/antibacterial composite hydrogels on the BC surface. The structures and properties of thermos-/antibacterial composite hydrogel-modified BC surface were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared spectrum (FT-IR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results show that thermos-/antibacterial composite hydrogels were then successfully grafted onto BC. SEM observations showed that the thermos-/antibacterial composite hydrogels formed a membrane structure between the BC. The biocompatibility of the substrate was evaluated by Alamar Blue cell viability assay and antibacterial test in vitro.