Chondrogenic Differentiation of Adult MSCs

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) obtained from various sources, including bone marrow, have been proposed as a therapeutic strategy for the improvement of tissue repair/regeneration, including the repair of cartilage defects or lesions. Often the highly inflammatory environment after injury or during diseases, however, greatly diminishes the therapeutic and reparative effectiveness of MSCs. Therefore, the identification of novel factors that can protect MSCs against an inflammatory environment may enhance the effectiveness of these cells in repairing tissues, such as articular cartilage. In this study, we investigated whether a peptide (P15-1) that binds to hyaluronan (HA), a major component of the extracellular matrix of cartilage, protects bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BMSCs) in an inflammatory environment. The results showed that P15-1 reduced the mRNA levels of catabolic and inflammatory markers in interleukin-1beta (IL-1β)-treated human BMSCs. In addition, P15-1 enhanced the attachment of BMSCs to HA-coated tissue culture dishes and stimulated the chondrogenic differentiation of the multipotential murine C3H/10T1/2 MSC line in a micromass culture. In conclusion, our findings suggest that P15-1 may increase the capacity of BMSCs to repair cartilage via the protection of these cells in an inflammatory environment and the stimulation of their attachment to an HA-containing matrix and chondrogenic differentiation.

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Fabrication of 3D-Printed Interpenetrating Hydrogel Scaffolds for Promoting Chondrogenic Differentiation

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13132146 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (13) ◽

pp. 2146

Author(s):

Jian Guan ◽

Fu-zhen Yuan ◽

Zi-mu Mao ◽

Hai-lin Zhu ◽

Lin Lin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Elastic Modulus ◽

Chondrogenic Differentiation ◽

Marker Genes ◽

Self Healing ◽

Polyethylene Glycol Diacrylate ◽

3D Microenvironment ◽

3D Printed

The limited self-healing ability of cartilage necessitates the application of alternative tissue engineering strategies for repairing the damaged tissue and restoring its normal function. Compared to conventional tissue engineering strategies, three-dimensional (3D) printing offers a greater potential for developing tissue-engineered scaffolds. Herein, we prepared a novel photocrosslinked printable cartilage ink comprising of polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA), gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA), and chondroitin sulfate methacrylate (CSMA). The PEGDA-GelMA-CSMA scaffolds possessed favorable compressive elastic modulus and degradation rate. In vitro experiments showed good adhesion, proliferation, and F-actin and chondrogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on the scaffolds. When the CSMA concentration was increased, the compressive elastic modulus, GAG production, and expression of F-actin and cartilage-specific genes (COL2, ACAN, SOX9, PRG4) were significantly improved while the osteogenic marker genes of COL1 and ALP were decreased. The findings of the study indicate that the 3D-printed PEGDA-GelMA-CSMA scaffolds possessed not only adequate mechanical strength but also maintained a suitable 3D microenvironment for differentiation, proliferation, and extracellular matrix production of BMSCs, which suggested this customizable 3D-printed PEGDA-GelMA-CSMA scaffold may have great potential for cartilage repair and regeneration in vivo.

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The Effects of Tgfb1 and Csf3 on Chondrogenic Differentiation of iPS Cells in 2D and 3D Culture Environment

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22062978 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (6) ◽

pp. 2978

Author(s):

Chie-Hong Wang ◽

Chun-Hao Tsai ◽

Tsung-Li Lin ◽

Shih-Ping Liu

Keyword(s):

Cell Proliferation ◽

Chondrogenic Differentiation ◽

Expression Profiles ◽

Es Cells ◽

3D Culture ◽

Ips Cells ◽

3D Cultures ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Cartilaginous Matrix ◽

Culture Environment

Mesenchymal stem (MS) cells, embryonic stem (ES) cells, and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are known for their ability to differentiate into different lineages, including chondrocytes in culture. However, the existing protocol for chondrocyte differentiation is time consuming and labor intensive. To improve and simplify the differentiation strategy, we have explored the effects of interactions between growth factors (transforming growth factor β1 (Tgfb1) and colony stimulating factor 3 (Csf3), and culture environments (2D monolayer and 3D nanofiber scaffold) on chondrogenic differentiation. For this, we have examined cell morphologies, proliferation rates, viability, and gene expression profiles, and characterized the cartilaginous matrix formed in the chondrogenic cultures under different treatment regimens. Our data show that 3D cultures support higher proliferation rate than the 2D cultures. Tgfb1 promotes cell proliferation and viability in both types of culture, whereas Csf3 shows positive effects only in 3D cultures. Interestingly, our results indicate that the combined treatments of Tgfb1 and Csf3 do not affect cell proliferation and viability. The expression of cartilaginous matrix in different treatment groups indicates the presence of chondrocytes. We found that, at the end of differentiation stage 1, pluripotent markers were downregulated, while the mesodermal marker was upregulated. However, the expression of chondrogenic markers (col2a1 and aggrecan) was upregulated only in the 3D cultures. Here, we report an efficient, scalable, and convenient protocol for chondrogenic differentiation of iPS cells, and our data suggest that a 3D culture environment, combined with tgfb1 and csf3 treatment, promotes the chondrogenic differentiation.

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