Eating Disorders in Athletes: From Risk Management to Therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-14
Author(s):  
Walter Milano ◽  
Luca Milano ◽  
Anna Capasso
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Daily Activities

Background: Balanced sporting activity should be considered a resource in the treatment of eating disorders (ED), in particular of the BED and in obesity and, if conducted and guided by expert preparers and rehabilitators, in some forms of anorexia and in bulimia. Objective: To assess the role of excessive physical activity, predominantly interfering with daily activities by ultimately resulting in greater energy consumption leading to weight loss, and study the diagnostic criteria of bulimia and anorexia nervosa. Methods: A number of literature studies also report the presence of ED among athletes. A 2004 study reported that the prevalence of eating disorders in sports would be 13.5% compared to 4.5% of the control subjects. Results: In general, nutrition is used as a tool for improving performance not only of athletes but also of technicians and coaches. But in the presence of factors of vulnerability towards ED, the tendency to manipulate the weight can result in an eating disorder or the so-called athletic anorexia or the RED-S. Conclusion: It is important to emphasize that not only do professional athletes suffer from it, but also good-looking amateurs and laypersons.

scholarly journals Possible role of the gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of anorexia nervosa

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuyuki Sudo
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Psychosocial Factors ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Fear Of Weight Gain

AbstractAnorexia nervosa (AN), an eating disorder, is characterized by extreme weight loss and fear of weight gain. Psychosocial factors are thought to play important roles in the development and progression of AN; however, biological factors also presumably contribute to eating disorders. Recent evidence has shown that the gut microbiota plays an important role in pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders including AN. In this article, we describe the possible role of the gut microbiota in the development and persistence of AN, based on the latest research works, including those of our group.

scholarly journals Associations between Blood Metabolic Profile at 7 Years Old and Eating Disorders in Adolescence: Findings from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children

Metabolites ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Santos Ferreira ◽  
Christopher Hübel ◽  
Moritz Herle ◽  
Mohamed Abdulkadir ◽  
Ruth Loos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Binge Eating ◽  
Binge Eating Disorder ◽  
Metabolic Factors ◽  
Lower Odds

Eating disorders are severe illnesses characterized by both psychiatric and metabolic factors. We explored the prospective role of metabolic risk in eating disorders in a UK cohort (n = 2929 participants), measuring 158 metabolic traits in non-fasting EDTA-plasma by nuclear magnetic resonance. We associated metabolic markers at 7 years (exposure) with risk for anorexia nervosa and binge-eating disorder (outcomes) at 14, 16, and 18 years using logistic regression adjusted for maternal education, child’s sex, age, body mass index, and calorie intake at 7 years. Elevated very low-density lipoproteins, triglycerides, apolipoprotein-B/A, and monounsaturated fatty acids ratio were associated with lower odds of anorexia nervosa at age 18, while elevated high-density lipoproteins, docosahexaenoic acid and polyunsaturated fatty acids ratio, and fatty acid unsaturation were associated with higher risk for anorexia nervosa at 18 years. Elevated linoleic acid and n-6 fatty acid ratios were associated with lower odds of binge-eating disorder at 16 years, while elevated saturated fatty acid ratio was associated with higher odds of binge-eating disorder. Most associations had large confidence intervals and showed, for anorexia nervosa, different directions across time points. Overall, our results show some evidence for a role of metabolic factors in eating disorders development in adolescence.

Eating Disorders and Hyperactivity: A Psychobiological Perspective

1997 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Davis
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Animal Experimentation ◽  
Severe Malnutrition ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Eating Disordered ◽  
High Level

Objective: To review the eating disorder research investigating the psychobiological connections between self-starvation and high-level exercising, including both animal experimentation and clinical field studies. In recent years it has been proposed that physical activity plays a central role in the pathogenesis and progression of the eating disorders—in particular, anorexia nervosa. Method: A review of research from animal experimentation and from clinical field studies investigating the biological and psychological implications of physical activity and starvation in the pathogenesis of eating disorders. Results: Animal research indicates that physical activity and starvation seem to potentiate one another and that alterations in the serotonergic system may underlie this process. Similar behavioural results have been found in recent clinical studies with eating-disordered patients, which suggests that physical activity plays a more central role in the development and maintenance of the eating disorders than had previously been thought. Conclusions: The emerging picture is that psychosocial factors seem to provide the most compelling factors in the etiology and onset of the disorder, while biological factors—in most cases induced by severe malnutrition and strenuous overexercising—predominate in the maintenance of the disorder.

Eating Habits, Physical Activity, Consumption of Substances and Eating Disorders in Adolescents

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 712-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yolanda Quiles-Marcos ◽  
Isabel Balaguer-Solá ◽  
Lidia Pamies-Aubalat ◽  
María José Quiles-Sebastián ◽  
Juan Carlos Marzo-Campos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Middle School Students ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
School Students ◽  
Nutritional Components

The aim of this study was to evaluate the differences between adolescents with a high or low risk of developing an eating disorder (ED) in different health behaviors (eating habits, physical activity and the consumption of substances) per gender. The EAT-40 and the Inventory of Behavioral Health in Scholars were applied to 2142 middle school students from Alicante (Spain), of whom 52.8% were girls and 47.2% were boys, with an average age of 13.92 years old (Sd = 1.34). Results indicated that girls with a high risk of developing an ED consumed fewer meals, ate fewer unhealthy foods, followed more diets and paid more attention to nutritional components. Furthermore, they also performed more physical activity with the objective of losing weight, and consumed more tobacco, alcohol and medicines. Boys at high risk of developing an ED followed more diets and paid more attention to nutritional components. For boys, no more differences were found. These results suggest that any program directed at the prevention of ED should not only include nutritional education, but should also seek to promote regular physical activity with objectives other than weight loss or the burning of calories.

The role of physical activity in the development and maintenance of eating disorders

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 957-967 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Davis ◽  
S. H. Kennedy ◽  
E. Ravelski ◽  
M. Dionne
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Secondary Symptom ◽  
Activity Data ◽  
Sport And Exercise

SynopsisThis study was intended to establish the pathogenic significance of sport and exercise in the development of eating disorders. Hospitalized eating disordered patients and an age-matched control group were assessed. Historical and current physical activity data were collected. An in-depth interview was also conducted to ascertain the age of onset of the diagnostic symptoms for eating disorders, and to determine whether: (i) exercising predated dieting; (ii) patients had been involved in competitive athletics; (iii) exercise was excessive; and (iv) weight loss was inversely related to level of exercise. The results indicated that patients were more physically active than controls from adolescence onwards, and prior to the onset of the primary diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa. A content analysis of the interview data indicated that 78% of patients engaged in excessive exercise, 60% were competitive athletes prior to the onset of their disorder, 60% reported that sport or exercise pre-dated dieting, and 75% claimed that physical activity levels steadily increased during the period when food intake and weight loss decreased the most. Together our results suggest that overactivity should not be routinely viewed as a secondary symptom in anorexia nervosa, equivalent to other behaviours. For a number of anorexic women, sport/exercise is an integral part of the pathogenesis and progression of self-starvation.

Pharmacotherapy for Eating Disorders

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan McElroy ◽  
Anna I. Guerdjikova ◽  
Nicole Mori ◽  
Paul E. Keck
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
Binge Eating ◽  
Binge Eating Disorder ◽  
Night Eating Syndrome ◽  
Night Eating

This chapter addresses the pharmacotherapy of the eating disorders (EDs). Many persons with EDs receive pharmacotherapy, but pharmacotherapy research for EDs has lagged behind that for other major mental disorders. This chapter first provides a brief rationale for using medications in the treatment of EDs. It then reviews the data supporting the effectiveness of specific medications or medication classes in treating patients with anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), binge eating disorder (BED), and other potentially important EDs, such as night eating syndrome (NES). It concludes by summarizing these data and suggesting future areas for research in the pharmacotherapy of EDs.

Epidemiology and Course of Eating Disorders

2010 ◽  
pp. 24-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela Keel
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
The Public ◽  
Purging Disorder ◽  
Not Otherwise Specified ◽  
Public Health Significance ◽  
Health Significance

The epidemiology of eating disorders holds important clues for understanding factors that may contribute to their etiology. In addition, epidemiological findings speak to the public health significance of these deleterious syndromes. Information on course and outcome are important for clinicians to understand the prognosis associated with different disorders of eating and for treatment planning. This chapter reviews information on the epidemiology and course of anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and two forms of eating disorder not otherwise specified, binge eating disorder and purging disorder.

Pharmacotherapy of the Eating Disorders

2010 ◽  
pp. 416-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan L. McElroy ◽  
Anna I. Guerdjikova ◽  
Anne M. O’Melia ◽  
Nicole Mori ◽  
Paul E. Keck
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
Binge Eating ◽  
Binge Eating Disorder ◽  
Night Eating Syndrome ◽  
Night Eating

Many persons with eating disorders (EDs) receive pharmacotherapy, but pharmacotherapy research for EDs has lagged behind that for other major mental disorders. In this chapter, we first provide a brief rationale for using medications in the treatment of EDs. We then review the data supporting the effectiveness of specific medications or medication classes in treating patients with anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder (BED), and other potentially important EDs, such as night eating syndrome (NES) and sleep-related eating disorder (SRED). We conclude by summarizing these data and suggesting future areas for research in the pharmacotherapy of EDs.

scholarly journals Delay Discounting of Reward and Impulsivity in Eating Disorders: From Anorexia Nervosa to Binge Eating Disorder

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 601-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trevor Steward ◽  
Gemma Mestre-Bach ◽  
Cristina Vintró-Alcaraz ◽  
Zaida Agüera ◽  
Susana Jiménez-Murcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Binge Eating ◽  
Delay Discounting ◽  
Binge Eating Disorder

Anorexia Nervosa in a Black Zimbabwean

1984 ◽  
Vol 145 (3) ◽  
pp. 326-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Buchan ◽  
L. D. Gregory
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Traditional Healer ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
The Social ◽  
Speculative Hypothesis ◽  
African Patients

SummaryIn spite of the comparative rarity of anorexia nervosa in African patients, the case of a young black Zimbabwean woman which fulfils Feighner's diagnostic criteria is presented. Special reference is made to several unusual features which include the social and psychological conflicts engendered by changes of culture, the clinical symptoms, and the role of a traditional healer in her recovery. A speculative hypothesis concerning aetiology is suggested.

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