Vasorelaxant and Antihypertensive Effects of Mentha pulegium L. in Rats: An in vitro and in vivo Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Ajebli ◽  
Mohamed Eddouks
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Acute Experiment ◽  
Antihypertensive Activity ◽  
Mentha Pulegium ◽  
In Vitro Experiment ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Ca2 Channels

Aims and objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of aqueous aerial part extract of Mentha pulegium L. (Pennyrile) (MPAE) on arterial pressure parameters in rats. Background: Mentha pulegium is a medicinal plant used to treat hypertension in Morocco. Material and methods: In the current study, MPAE was prepared and its antihypertensive activity was pharmacologically investigated. L-NAME-hypertensive and normotensive rats have received orally MPAE (180 and 300 mg/kg) during six hours for the acute experiment and during seven days for the sub-chronic treatment. Thereafter, systolic, diastolic, mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate were evaluated. While, in the in vitro experiment, isolated denuded and intact thoracic aortic rings were suspended in a tissue bath system and the tension changes were recorded. Results: A fall in blood pressure was observed in L-NAME-induced hypertensive treated with MPAE. The extract also produced a dose-dependent relaxation of aorta pre-contracted with NE and KCl. The study showed that the vasorelaxant ability of MPAE seems to be exerted through the blockage of extracellular Ca2+ entry. Conclusion: The results demonstrate that the extract of pennyrile exhibits antihypertensive activity. In addition, the effect may be, at least in part, due to dilation of blood vessels via blockage of Ca2+ channels.

Cardiovascular Effects of Micromeria graeca (L.) Benth. ex Rchb in Normotensive and Hypertensive Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 1253-1261
Author(s):  
Mourad Akdad ◽  
Mohamed Eddouks
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Antihypertensive Activity ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Vasorelaxant Effect ◽  
Arterial Blood

Aims: The present study was performed in order to analyze the antihypertensive activity of Micromeria graeca (L.) Benth. ex Rchb. Background: Micromeria graeca (L.) Benth. ex Rchb is an aromatic and medicinal plant belonging to the Lamiaceae family. This herb is used to treat various pathologies such as cardiovascular disorders. Meanwhile, its pharmacological effects on the cardiovascular system have not been studied. Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of aqueous extract of aerial parts of Micromeria graeca (AEMG) on the cardiovascular system in normotensive and hypertensive rats. Methods: In this study, the cardiovascular effect of AEMG was evaluated using in vivo and in vitro investigations. In order to assess the acute effect of AEMG on the cardiovascular system, anesthetized L-NAME-hypertensive and normotensive rats received AEMG (100 mg/kg) orally and arterial blood pressure parameters were monitored during six hours. In the sub-chronic study, rats were orally treated for one week, followed by blood pressure assessment during one week of treatment. Blood pressure was measured using a tail-cuff and a computer-assisted monitoring device. In the second experiment, isolated rat aortic ring pre-contracted with Epinephrine (EP) or KCl was used to assess the vasorelaxant effect of AEMG. Results: Oral administration of AEMG (100 mg/kg) provoked a decrease of arterial blood pressure parameters in hypertensive rats. In addition, AEMG induced a vasorelaxant effect in thoracic aortic rings pre-contracted with EP (10 μM) or KCl (80 mM). This effect was attenuated in the presence of propranolol and methylene blue. While in the presence of glibenclamide, L-NAME, nifedipine or Indomethacin, the vasorelaxant effect was not affected. Conclusion: This study showed that Micromeria graeca possesses a potent antihypertensive effect and relaxes the vascular smooth muscle through β-adrenergic and cGMP pathways.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the in vivo Antihypertensive Effect and Antioxidant Activity of HL-7 and HL-10 Peptide in Mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Setayesh-Mehr ◽  
Leila Vafadar Ghasemi ◽  
Ahmad Asoodeh
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Scorpion Venom ◽  
Antihypertensive Activity ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Antihypertensive Properties ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Hl 7

Abstract In this study, the in vivo antioxidant and antihypertensive properties of peptides HL-7 with the sequence of YLYELR and HL-10 with the sequence of AFPYYGHHLG were identified from scorpion venom of H. lepturus were evaluated. To study the in vivo effects of peptides, D-galactose-induced and DOCA salt-induced mice models were used. The results of the antioxidant assay for both peptides showed that the activity of serum and liver catalase (CAT), as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes, was significantly decreased in the D-galactose-induced group (NC), while MDA levels were increased in serum and the liver tissue samples (p<0.01). Compared with the D-galactose-induced mice, the peptide treated mice group had a higher activity of antioxidant enzymes namely CAT and SOD, as well as a lower lipid peroxidation level. Also, the results of antihypertensive activity for both peptides showed that systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of the mice treated with the HL-7 and HL-10 peptides were significantly reduced in a dose-dependent manner (p<0.01). The administration of the HL-7 peptide at doses of 5 mg/kg BW (LP1) and 15 mg/kg BW (HP1) significantly diminished the mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) by 31 mmHg and 40.47 mmHg, respectively. Accordingly, treatment of mice with the HL-10 peptide at doses of 5 mg/kg BW (LP2) and 15 mg/kg BW (HP2) considerably lowered the MAP by 18.3 mmHg and 21.93 mmHg, respectively. Our findings suggest that both the HL-7 and HL-10 peptides could be potentially utilized as antihypertensive and antioxidant components.

A C TYPE NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE IS A VASODILATOR IN VIVO AND IN VITRO IN THE COMMON DOGFISH

1992 ◽  
Vol 133 (2) ◽  
pp. R1-R4 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Bjenning ◽  
Y. Takei ◽  
T.X. Watanabe ◽  
K. Nakajima ◽  
S. Sakakibara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Natriuretic Peptides ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Brain Natriuretic Peptides ◽  
Dose Dependent

ABSTRACT The effects of an elasmbranch cardiac C-type natriuretic peptide (dogfish CNP-22) on arterial blood pressure were investigated in vivo in chronically cannulated dogfish Scyliorhinus canicula and in vitro by a myographic technique using the distal part of the first branchial artery. In-vivo dogfish CNP-22 caused a dose-dependent reduction in mean arterial blood pressure which was much more potent than that of α-human ANP. In-vitro dogfish CNP-22 also caused a dose-dependent relaxation which was independent of the endothelium. These results are in marked contrast to those obtained in similar studies on other vertebrate species in which CNP exhibited only mild hypotensive effects compared to both atrial and brain natriuretic peptides. This study indicates the importance of using homologous peptides in determing the physiological role of natriuretic peptides in non-mammalian vertebrates.

5-HT2B-receptor antagonist LY-272015 is antihypertensive in DOCA-salt-hypertensive rats

1999 ◽  
Vol 276 (3) ◽  
pp. H944-H952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie W. Watts ◽  
Gregory D. Fink
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Receptor Antagonist ◽  
High Blood Pressure ◽  
Reduce Blood Pressure ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Salt Hypertension

We previously demonstrated a change in the receptors mediating 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)-induced contraction in arteries of deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt-hypertensive rats. Specifically, contraction to 5-HT is mediated primarily by 5-HT2A receptors in arteries from normotensive sham rats and by both 5-HT2A and 5-HT2B receptors in arteries from hypertensive rats. We hypothesized that the 5-HT2B receptor may play a role in maintaining the high blood pressure of DOCA-salt-hypertensive rats, and herein we provide data connecting in vitro and in vivo findings. The endothelium-denuded isolated superior mesenteric artery of DOCA-salt rats displayed a marked increase in maximum contraction to the newly available 5-HT2B-receptor agonist BW-723C86 compared with that of arteries from sham rats, confirming that the 5-HT2B receptor plays a greater role in 5-HT-induced contraction in arteries from DOCA-salt rats. In chronically instrumented rats, the 5-HT2B-receptor antagonist LY-272015 (0.3, 1.0, and 3.0 mg/kg iv at 30-min intervals) was given cumulatively 1 time/wk during 4 wk of continued DOCA-salt treatment. LY-272015 did not reduce blood pressure of the sham-treated rats at any time or dose. However, LY-272015 (1.0 and 3.0 mg/kg) significantly reduced mean blood pressure in a subgroup of week 3 (−20 mmHg) and week 4 DOCA-salt (−40 mmHg) rats that had extremely high blood pressure (mean arterial blood pressure ∼200 mmHg). Blockade of 5-HT2Breceptors by in vivo administration of LY-272015 (3.0 mg/kg) was verified by observing reduced 5-HT-induced contraction in rat stomach fundus, the tissue from which the 5-HT2B receptor was originally cloned. These data support the novel hypothesis that 5-HT2B-receptor expression is induced during the development of DOCA-salt hypertension and contributes to the maintenance of severe blood pressure elevations.

In vitro and in vivo inhibition of renin by fatty acids.

1978 ◽  
Vol 234 (6) ◽  
pp. E593 ◽  
Author(s):  
T A Kotchen ◽  
W J Welch ◽  
R T Talwalkar
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Pressor Response ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Arachidonic Acids

Circulating neutral lipids inhibit the in vitro renin reaction. To identify the inhibitor(s), free fatty acids were added to human renin and homologous substrate. Capric, lauric, palmitoleic, linoleic, and arachidonic acids each inhibited the rate of angiotensin I production in vitro (P less than 0.01). Inhibition by polysaturated fatty acids (linoleic and arachidonic) was less (P less than 0.01) after catalytic hydrogenation of the double bonds. To evaluate an in vivo effect of renin inhibition intra-arterial blood pressure responses to infusions of renin and angiotensin II (5.0 microgram) were measured in anephric rats (n = 6) before and after infusion of linoleic acid (10 mg iv). Mean increase of blood pressure to angiotensin II before (75 mmHg +/- 9) and after (90 +/- 12) linoleic acid did not differ (P greater than 0.05). However, the pressor response to renin after linoleic acid (18 +/- 3) was less (P less than 0.00)) than that before (102 +/- 13). In summary, several fatty acids inhibit the in vitro renin reaction, and in part inhibition is dependent on unsaturation. Linoleic acid also inhibits the in vivo pressor response to renin. These results suggest that fatty acids may modify the measurement of plasma renin activity and may also affect angiotensin production in vivo.

scholarly journals Hypotensive and diuretic activities of aqueous-ethanol extract of Asphodelus tenuifolius

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naveed Aslam ◽  
Khalid Hussain Janbaz ◽  
Qaiser Jabeen
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Ethanol ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Isolated Aorta ◽  
Dose Dependent

<p class="Abstract">In order to rationalize the traditional uses of <em>Asphodelus </em>tenuifolius in cardiovascular complaints, aqueous-ethanol extract of the plant was investigated for hypotensive and diuretic activities using <em>in vivo</em> and in vitro models. Intravenous administration of the extract in anesthetized rats produced 14.5 (95% CI; 13.3–15.6), 24.5 (95% CI; 21.3-27.9) and 35.3% (95% CI; 32.0–42.5)  fall in mean arterial blood pressure at the doses of 3, 10 and 30 mg/kg, respectively. The extract increased the urine volume and electrolytes excretion significantly at the doses of 300 and 500 mg/kg in rats. In rabbit’s isolated aorta preparations, the extract, like verapamil, relaxed K<sup>+ </sup>(80 mM)-induced contractions more potently than phenylephrine (1 µM)–induced contractions, indicating Ca<sup>2+</sup> antagonistic activity. The extract produced dose-dependent stimulant followed by depressant effects in spontaneously contracting rabbit’s paired atria preparations. The results suggest that the extract of <em>A. </em>tenuifolius has hypotensive and diuretic effects in animals.</p><p> </p>

PROSTACYCLIN (PGI2) FORMATION IN RELATION TO ANAPHYLATOXIN C5a GENERATION DURING RABBIT ENDOTOXIN SHOCK

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Rampart ◽  
H Bult ◽  
A G Herman ◽  
P J Jose ◽  
T J Williams
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Endotoxin Shock ◽  
Rabbit Serum ◽  
Classical Pathway ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Anaphylatoxin C5a

Injection of endotoxin (LPS) in animals, a model for gram-negative septic shock, leads to intravascular activation of the complement system, and is one of the few conditions in which 6-oxo-PGF]CX and thromboxane (TX) B2 (non-enzymic metabolites of PGI2 and TXA2) can be detected in arterial blood. Previously we reported associations between complement activation, PGI2 biosynthesis and LPS-induced hypotension in rabbits. As C5a and C5adesArg trigger endothelial PGI2 formation in vitro, we have now measured the plasma levels of immunoreactive (ir) C5a in relation to generation of PGI2 and changes in arterial blood pressure in LPS shock. Pentobarbitone anaesthethized rabbits received LPS (E. coli 0111:B4, 0.5 mg/kg) or saline via the marginal ear vein. A catheter in the left carotid artery was used to collect blood and to monitor mean arterial blood pressure (MABP). Platelet and leukocyte numbers, haemolytic complement titre (CH50), and plasma ir6-oxo-PGFioc , irTXB2 and irC5a were measured 15 min before and at different times after saline or LPS injection. LPS caused a dose- and time-dependent formation of irC5a in rabbit serum in vitro, predominantly via the classical pathway. LPS also activated complement in vivo, as indicated by about 20 % reduction of CH50 titre (measured after 3h) and a marked increase of arterial irC5a (20-120 ng/ml) in the first 2 to 5 min. After 30 min, irC5a had returned to baseline levels (< 2-5 ng/ml) and remained so up to 3h after injection of LPS. This irC5a peak correlated with a shortlasting initiation of PGI2 release (from < 20 pg/ml up to 550 pg/ml) and a drop in MABP (from about 95 mmHg to 50 mmHg) 2-5 min after LPS. None of these changes occurred after saline injection.In conclusion, LPS activates complement in vivo with concomitant formation of C5a. This peptide may trigger -either directly or after phagocyte activation - endothelial PGI2 biosynthesis, leading to arterial hypotension. This is supported by the suppression of the initial rise of arterial ir6-oxo-PGF1α and hypotension in complement-depleted rabbits. Inhibition of C5a formation or activity may prove to be a meaningful approach to the treatment of septic circulatory shock.

Hypotensive effects of the triterpene oleanolic acid for cardiovascular prevention

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sureda ◽  
M. Monserrat-Mesquida ◽  
S. Pinya ◽  
P. Ferriol ◽  
S. Tejada
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Oleanolic Acid ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Cardiovascular Prevention ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Antihypertensive Activity ◽  
In Vitro Tests

Background:: Hypertension is a high prevalent chronic disease worldwide and a major cardiovascular risk factor. Oleanolic acid (3β-hydroxy-olea-12-en-28-oic acid) is a wide distributed bioactive pentacyclic triterpenoid with diverse biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, hepaprotective anti-diabetic or anti-hypertensive. Objective:: The aim of this study was to review and highlight the available data about antihypertensive activity of oleanolic acid and the described mechanisms of action. Method:: Extensive searches were made in the available literature on oleanolic acid and the data investigating its antihypertensive effects were analysed. Results:: Most of research has been performed on animal models of hypertension, ex vivo studies with aortic ring and some in vitro tests with cell cultures, whereas clinical trials are still lacking. Treatment of hypertensive animals with oleanolic acid significantly ameliorated the rise in the systolic blood pressure. In addition, the hypotensive effects of oleanolic acid are also related to a potent diuretic-natriuretic activity and nephroprotection. In vitro studies have characterized the participation of various signalling pathways that modulate the release of vasodilation mediators. Conclusion:: In vitro and in vivo studies suggest that oleanolic acid effectively reduce blood pressure and could be an interesting co-adjuvant to conventional treatment of hypertension.

scholarly journals EFFICACY OF AN ACTIVE COMPOUND OF THE HERB, ASHWAGANDHA IN PREVENTION OF STRESS INDUCED HYPERGLYCEMIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarjan H. N. ◽  
Yajurvedi H. N.
Keyword(s):  
Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Stress Exposure ◽  
In Vitro Experiment ◽  
Isolated Compound ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Different Doses

Objective: To find out whether an isolated compound (IC) from the ethanolic extract of roots of ashwagandha prevents stress-induced hyperglycemia by direct interference with the action of increased concentration of corticosterone on hepatocytes or by preventing hyper-secretion of corticosterone or both.Methods: A group of rats served as controls, and those in another group were subjected to restraint (1 h) and forced swimming exercise (15 min), after a gap of 4 h daily for 4 w. The third group of rats received orally IC (5 mg/kg bw/rat) 1 h prior to exposure to stressors. After the last treatment period, a blood sample was collected and serum was separated for the estimation of corticosterone and glucose. In in vitro experiment, hepatocytes were treated with different concentrations of corticosterone (100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 ng/ml). In another set of experiment, hepatocytes were treated with different doses of IC (1, 10, 100, 1000 and 10 000 μg/ml of medium) along with corticosterone (400ng/ml). The concentration of glucose and activities of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) were determined after the treatment.Results: Stress exposure caused a significant increase in serum concentration of corticosterone and glucose whereas, administration of IC did not result in similar changes. Further, treatment of corticosterone in in vitro significantly increased the activities of PEPCK and G6Pase and concentration of glucose in a dose-dependent manner in hepatocytes. However, treatment with IC did not interfere with the corticosterone-induced an increase in the activities of PEPCK and G6Pase as well as the concentration of glucose in hepatocytes.Conclusion: The in vivo and in vitro results put together reveal that IC does not directly interfere with the action of corticosterone on hepatocytes. However, it prevents stress-induced hyperglycemia by suppressing hyper-secretion of corticosterone. 

IN VIVO SELECTIVITY BETWEEN HYPOTENSIVE AND PLATELET ANTIAGGREGATING ACTIONS OF ILOPROST AND PGI2 IN BEAGLE DOGS

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Hermán ◽  
P Hadházy ◽  
K Magyar
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Bolus Administration ◽  
Beagle Dogs ◽  
Duration Of Action ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Level Of Significance

Iloprost (Schering A.G.) is a chemically stable derivative of prostacyclin. We compared the hypotensive and antiaggregatory effects of PGI2 and Iloprost. The concentration producing 50% inhibition (IC50) of ADP-induced platelet aggregation in vitro was 0.35±0.15 nmol/1 for PGI2 and 0.56±0.2 nmol/1 for Iloprost (n=5). The in vivo antiaggregatory activity was measured with a modified filtration pressure technique (F.Hermán et al.Thromb. Res.44 /1986/, 575) in anaesthetized beagle dogs; the change in arterial blood pressure was recorded simultaneously. Using this technique, the dose-response relationship and the duration of action of prostacyclin and Iloprost following bolus administration have been determined. PGI2 was equipotent with Iloprost in inhibiting platelet aggregation in vivo (ED25: 0.25±0.04 nmol/kg; 0.28±0.05 respectively). At the same time PGI2 was two times as potent as Iloprost in decreasing the mean arterial blood pressure (ED25: 0.41±0.12 nmol/kg; 0.87±0.14 nmol/kg respectively). The antiaggregatory and hypotensive effects of Iloprost last longer in each experiment than that of PGI2, but did not reach the level of significance probably due to the considerable interindividual differences. The in vivo selectivity ratios (hypotensive potency/antiaggregatory potency) of Iloprost and PGI2 were 0.32 and 0.6 respectively. These results show that in anesthetized beagles Iloprost is somewhat more selective than PGI2 in inhibiting platelet aggregation.

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