scholarly journals Effect oF β-Alanine on The Preparation of 4-Ethoxy-Cinnamic Acid

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-67
Author(s):  
N. T. Hoai ◽  
Tran Thi Yen Ngoc ◽  
Nguyen Dang Nam ◽  
Tran Thu Thuy ◽  
Cao Thi Thu Trang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Cinnamic Acid ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Corrosion Inhibitors ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
High Efficient ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy

Objective:Cinnamic acid and its derivatives have a numerous potential applications in many different fields such as pharmacy, organic “building blocks”, and corrosion inhibitors.Method:It is well-known that Verley-Doebner modification is a high efficient method for the preparation of cinnamic acid derivaties, especially with the compounds containing electron-donating subtituents at para position in aromatic ring. In this paper, 4-ethoxy-cinnamic acid was synthesized according to Verley-Doebner reaction with the use of pyrine acting as catalyst and solvent. The effect of the β-alanine concentration on the conversion of the starting material of 4-ethoxy-benzaldehyde was thoroughly investigated using high performance liquid chromatography. The results showed that consuming of 8% of β-alanine would convert 100% of 4-ethoxy-benzaldehyde to 4-ethoxy-cinnamic acid.Result:The structure of the obtained 4-ethoxy-cinnamic acid was also confirmed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and Gas chromatography-Mass spectroscopy.Cinnamic acid and its derivatives have numerous potential applications in many different fields such as pharmacy, organic “building blocks”, and corrosion inhibitors. It is well-known that Verley-Doebner modification is a high efficient method for the preparation of cinnamic acid derivaties, especially with the compounds containing electron-donating subtituents at para position in aromatic ring. In this paper, 4-ethoxy-cinnamic acid was synthesized according to Verley-Doebner reaction with the use of pyrine acting as catalyst and solvent. The effect of the β-alanine concentration on the conversion of the starting material of 4-ethoxy-benzaldehyde was thoroughly investigated using high performance liquid chromatography. The results showed that consuming 8% of β-alanine would convert 100% of 4-ethoxy-benzaldehyde to 4-ethoxy-cinnamic acid. The structure of the obtained 4-ethoxy-cinnamic acid was also confirmed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and Gas chromatography-Mass spectroscopy.

ANTIOXIDANTS FOR EPDM SEALS EXPOSED TO CHLORINATED TAP WATER

2014 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mio Gonokami ◽  
Yoshimasa Yamamoto ◽  
Oraphin Chaikumpollert ◽  
Yoshito Ohtake ◽  
Seiichi Kawahara
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Mass Spectroscopy ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Accelerated Degradation ◽  
Poly Ethylene ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy

ABSTRACT A suitable antioxidant for a poly(ethylene-co-propylene-co-5-ethylidene-2-norbornene) (EPDM) seal in tap water applications was determined with respect to volatilization and decomposition of the antioxidants. Seals were prepared by mixing EPDM with 1 phr antioxidant and other ingredients followed by vulcanizing the mixture at 433 K for 20 min. The resulting EPDM seals were immersed into chlorinated water to investigate accelerated degradation. The change in antioxidant content was measured by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The weight loss of amine antioxidants during vulcanization was quite low due to their low volatility and decomposition. Antioxidant weight loss during accelerated degradation depended on both the antioxidant's ability to trap radicals and solubility in chlorinated water.

A simple HPLC method for quantitating major organic solutes of renal medulla

1989 ◽  
Vol 256 (5) ◽  
pp. F954-F956 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. Wolff ◽  
P. H. Yancey ◽  
T. S. Stanton ◽  
R. S. Balaban
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Renal Medulla ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Rabbit Kidney ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Organic Solutes ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy

A simple high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method of separating and quantitating the predominant organic solutes of the renal medulla is described. These organic solutes include myo-inositol, glycerophosphorylcholine, sorbitol, betaine, and urea. Other physiologically significant solutes, including glucose and mannitol, can be separated and quantitated concurrently with this method. With the use of this technique, the organic solutes of the rabbit kidney were determined. No new organic compounds were detected by HPLC that could significantly contribute to intracellular osmolality of the medulla. The values for the organic solutes already described were similar to those obtained by more complicated and limited approaches such as classical enzymatic techniques, ion electrodes, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy.

Identification of 3β-hydroxy-5,7-pregnadien-20-one and 3β-hydroxy-5,7-androstadien-17-one as endogenous steroids in the fetal horse gonad

1983 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Tait ◽  
S. Santikarn ◽  
W. R. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Mass Spectroscopy ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Synthetic Steroids ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Endogenous Steroids

The 5,7-dienes, 3β-hydroxy-5,7-pregnadien-20-one and 3β-hydroxy-5,7-androstadien-17-one were extracted from fetal horse gonads and purified by solvent partition, thin-layer chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography. The isolated steroids were identified by comparison with the synthetic steroids using ultraviolet and mass spectroscopy and by gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy. The identification of these compounds as endogenous steroids, together with the data on their biosynthesis reported previously, support the proposal that in the fetal horse gonad there is a 5,7-diene pathway biosynthesizing 3β-hydroxy-5,7-androstadien-17-one, which is the proposed precursor for equilin in the placenta.

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