Weight's influence at the exercise's impact on breast cancer risk

Obesity and exercising affect the risk for breast cancer in an opposite direction. From recent data, it was found that training during night hours can mitigate the beneficial effects of exercise on that risk. In the present study, it was examined the simultaneous effect of daytime or nighttime exercise and woman’s weight on the risk of breast cancer. It was concluded that the impact of nighttime exercise on breast cancer risk was marginally influenced by woman’s weight. The aim of the study was to examine the simultaneous effect of daytime or nighttime exercise and woman’s weight on the risk of breast cancer. A retrospective analysis of ninety-two women with or without a history of breast cancer, examining concurrently the influence of daytime or nighttime exercise and weight on breast cancer risk. In the simultaneous assessment of woman’s weight and exercise on breast cancer risk, it was found that the effect of the nighttime exercise remained strong, despite an increase in the confidence interval of the associated risk. The impact of nighttime exercise on breast cancer risk was marginally affected from the woman’s weight.

Characterization of novel stress degradation products of Bempedoic acid and Ezetimibe using UPLC–MS/MS: development and validation of stability-indicating UPLC method

Background A receptive and easily comprehended technique was evolved for simultaneous assessment of Bempedoic acid and Ezetimibe and its impurities characterized by UPLC–MS/MS. Results This technique involves chromatographic separation with a C18 column of water symmetry (150 mm × 4.6 mm, 3.5 µm). A mobile phase of 0.1% OPA (orthophosphoric acid) and acetonitrile in 50:50 v/v with 1 mL/min flow rate and ambient temperature was used. UV observation was taken at 230 nm. The recoveries, linearity, and quantification limits were found to be within the acceptable limit. Conclusions This technique was successfully tested with UPLC–MS to confirm the chemical structures of newly formed degradation products of Bempedoic acid and Ezetimibe and stress studies as per ICH Q2 (R1) guidelines.

Simultaneous assessment of eight phosphorylated STAT residues in T-cells by flow cytometry.

Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins are a family of transcription factors controlling functions in immune responses and other cell types. Given their importance, we developed a flow cytometry panel to assess eight phosphorylated STAT residues in human T-cells, including six tyrosine residues across six STAT proteins (STAT1, STAT2, STAT3, STAT4, STAT5a, STAT6) and additional serine residues on STAT1 and STAT3. We applied this protocol to test the in vitro induction of pSTATs in response to CD3/CD28 activation and a panel of recombinant cytokines. We also assessed the pSTAT expression profiles of naive CD4+ T-cells polarized to Th1, Th2, Th17 or iTregs. pSTAT1(S727), pSTAT2(Y689) and pSTAT3(S727) were constitutively expressed in most T-cells, even in the absence of stimulation. For pSTAT1(S727) and pSTAT3(S727), we observed two positive states, high and low. Conversely, expression of pSTAT1(Y701), pSTAT3(Y705), pSTAT4(Y693) and pSTAT6(Y641) were absent in resting T-cells and only expressed with CD3/CD28 activation or with specific cytokines. Variable frequencies of pSTAT5a(Y694) expression were observed in resting T-cells, which increased with activation or specific cytokine stimulation (e.g. IL-2). IFN-beta stimulation enhanced frequencies of expressing cells for all pSTATs. Correlations among several pSTATs, particularly pSTAT1(S727)high and pSTAT3(S727)high were observed. While polarization resulted in increases in canonically associated pSTATs, other non-canonical pSTAT changes were also observed. Collectively, we developed, optimized, and tested a sensitive and rapid approach for simultaneously assessing phosphorylation of six STAT proteins. Using this approach, we made several novel observations of T-cell pSTAT induction in response to stimuli.

Host-Microbe Metagenomics: a Lens To Refocus Our Perspective on Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases

A dynamic relationship involving pathogen, host immune response, and microbiome characterizes the biological framework of many infectious and inflammatory diseases. Combined host/microbe metagenomics (mNGS) enables simultaneous assessment of all three features, enabling the study and diagnosis of diverse infectious and inflammatory processes ranging from pneumonia to sepsis to inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis.