scholarly journals Khat (Catha Edulis) as a Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Disorders: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teshale Ayele Mega ◽  
Nikodimos Eshetu Dabe
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Cardiovascular Disorders ◽  
Khat Chewing ◽  
The Mean

Background:About 20 million people worldwide are believed to be using khat. Although some studies reported that khat chewing might result in cardiovascular disorders, conclusive evidence is limited.Method:The objective of this review was to synthesize the best available evidence for the effect of khat on the cardiovascular system. Databases searched were PubMed, Cochrane database of systematic reviews, CINAHL, poplin, LILACS, MedNar and Scopus. All papers included in the review were subjected to rigorous appraisal using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) standardized critical appraisal tool. Review Manager Software (Revman 5.3) was used for meta-analysis and effect size and the 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated.Result:Data was extracted from 10 articles. Our meta-analysis included 9,207 subjects, (2123 chewers and 7084 non-chewers, respectively) to elucidate the effect of khat on heart rate, diastolic and systolic blood pressure. The mean diastolic and systolic blood pressure of khat chewers was higher than the non-chewers with a mean difference of 5.1 mmHg, 95%CI [2.7,7.5] and 7.9 mmHg, 95%CI [2.65, 13.18], respectively. Similarly, the heart rate of the chewers remained consistently higher, making the mean difference of 6.9 beats/min, 95%CI [0.5, 13.3]. In addition, khat was found to have either a causative or worsening effect on stroke, myocardial infarction and heart failure.Conclusion:We showed that khat chewing could significantly affect the cardiovascular system through its effect on heart rate and blood pressure. Therefore, health promotion should be aimed to encourage quitting khat chewing.

Cardiovascular Responses to Muscle Stretching: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewan Thomas ◽  
Marianna Bellafiore ◽  
Ambra Gentile ◽  
Antonio Paoli ◽  
Antonio Palma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Qualitative Description ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Quantitative Synthesis

AbstractThe aim of this study will be to review the current body of literature to understand the effects of stretching on the responses of the cardiovascular system. A literature search was performed using the following databases: Scopus, NLM Pubmed and ScienceDirect. Studies regarding the effects of stretching on responses of the cardiovascular system were investigated. Outcomes regarded heart rate(HR), blood pressure, pulse wave velocity (PWV of which baPWV for brachial-ankle and cfPWV for carotid-femoral waveforms), heart rate variability and endothelial vascular function. Subsequently, the effects of each outcome were quantitatively synthetized using meta-analytic synthesis with random-effect models. A total of 16 studies were considered eligible and included in the quantitative synthesis. Groups were also stratified according to cross-sectional or longitudinal stretching interventions. Quality assessment through the NHLBI tools observed a “fair-to-good” quality of the studies. The meta-analytic synthesis showed a significant effect of d=0.38 concerning HR, d=2.04 regarding baPWV and d=0.46 for cfPWV. Stretching significantly reduces arterial stiffness and HR. The qualitative description of the studies was also supported by the meta-analytic synthesis. No adverse effects were reported, after stretching, in patients affected by cardiovascular disease on blood pressure. There is a lack of studies regarding vascular adaptations to stretching.

scholarly journals FRI0618-HPR EFFECTS OF MUSIC THERAPY ON PAIN, ANXIETY, AND VITAL SIGNS IN CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY RHEUMATIC DISEASES PATIENTS DURING BIOLOGICAL DRUGS INFUSION

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 914.2-914
Author(s):  
S. Boussaid ◽  
M. Ben Majdouba ◽  
S. Jriri ◽  
M. Abbes ◽  
S. Jammali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Music Therapy ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Biological Therapies ◽  
Biological Drugs ◽  
Pain Anxiety ◽  
The Mean

Background:Music therapy is based on ancient cross-cultural beliefs that music can have a “healing” effect on mind and body. Research determined that listening to music can increase comfort and relaxation, relieve pain, lower distress, reduce anxiety, improve positive emotions and mood, and decrease psychological symptoms. Music therapy has been used greatly in various medical procedures to reduce associated anxiety and pain. Patients have a high level of anxiety when they are in the hospital, this is the case of patients with rheumatic diseases who consult regularly to have intravenous infusion of biological therapies.Objectives:The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of music therapy on pain, anxiety, and vital signs among patients with chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases during intravenous infusion of biological drugs.Methods:Fifty patients were divided into two groups: The experimental group G1 (n=25) received drug infusion while lestening to soft music (30 minutes); and the control group G2 (n=25) received only drug infusion. Measures include pain, anxiety, vital signs (blood pressure, heart rate and respiratory rate). The pain was measured using visual analogic scale (VAS). The state-trait anxiety inventory (STAI) was used for measuring anxiety, low anxiety ranges from 20 to 39, the moderate anxiety ranges from 40 to 59, and high anxiety ranges from 60 to 80. Vital signs (systolic blood pressure [SBP], diastolic blood pressure [DBP], heart rate [HR], and respiratory rate [RR]) were measured before, during and immediately after the infusion.Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) was used for analysis.Results:The mean age in G1 was 44.45 years (26-72) with a sex ratio (M/F) of 0.8. Including the 25 patients, 12 had rheumatoid arthritis, 10 had ankylosing spondylitis and 3 had psoriatic arthritis. The mean disease duration was 8 years. In G2, the mean age was 46 years (25-70) with a sex ratio (M/F) of 0.75, 12 had rheumatoid arthritis, 11 had ankylosing spondylitis and 2 had psoriatic arthritis. The mean disease duration was 7.5 years. The biological drugs used were: Infliximab in 30 cases, Tocilizumab in 12 cases and Rituximab in 8 cases.Before the infusion, the patients of experimental group had a mean VAS of 5/10±3, a mean STAI of 50.62±6.01, a mean SBP of 13.6 cmHg±1.4, a mean DBP of 8.6 cmHg±1, a mean HR of 85±10 and a mean RR of 18±3. While in control group the mean VAS was 5.5±2, the mean STAI was 50.89±5.5, the mean SBP was 13.4±1.2, the mean DBP was 8.8±1.1, the mean HR was 82±8 and the mean RR was 19±2.During the infusion and after music intervention in G1, the mean STAI became 38.35±5 in G1 versus 46.7±5.2 in G2 (p value=0.022), the mean SBP became 12.1±0.5 in G1 versus 13±1 in G2 (p=0.035), the mean DBP became 8.1±0.8 in G1 versus 8.4±0.9 in G2 (p=0.4), the mean HR became 76±9 in G1 versus 78±7 in G2 (p=0.04) and the mean RR became 17.3±2.1 in G1 versus 18.2±1.7 in G2 (p=0.39).This study found a statistically significant decrease in anxiety, systolic blood pressure and heart rate in patients receiving music interventions during biological therapies infusion, but no significant difference were identified in diastolic blood pressure and respiratory rate.Conclusion:The findings provide further evidence to support the use of music therapy to reduce anxiety, and lower systolic blood pressure and heart rate in patients with rheumatic disease during biological therapies infusion.References:[1] Lin, C., Hwang, S., Jiang, P., & Hsiung, N. (2019).Effect of Music Therapy on Pain After Orthopedic Surgery -A Systematic review and Meta-Analysis. Pain Practice.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

scholarly journals The Antihypertensive Effects and Safety of LCZ696 in Patients with Hypertension: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 2824
Author(s):  
Su-Kiat Chua ◽  
Wei-Ting Lai ◽  
Lung-Ching Chen ◽  
Huei-Fong Hung
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Publication Bias ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Systemic Review ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
The Mean

Background: The management of hypertension remains suboptimal throughout the world. Methods: We performed a random-effects model meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to determine the effectiveness and safety of sacubitril/valsartan (LCZ696) for the treatment of high arterial pressure. Relevant published articles from PubMed, Cochrane base, and Medline were examined, and the last search date was December 2020. Only published randomized controlled trials and double-blind studies were selected for further analysis. The mean reductions in systolic blood pressure (msSBP) and diastolic blood pressure (msDBP) in the sitting position, as well as the mean reductions in ambulatory systolic blood pressure (maSBP) and ambulatory diastolic blood pressure (maDBP), were assumed as efficacy endpoints. Adverse events (AEs) were considered as safety outcomes. Results: Ten studies with a total of 5931patients were included for analysis. Compared with placebo, LCZ696 had a significant reduction in msSBP (weight mean difference (WMD) = −6.52 mmHg, 95% confidence interval (CI): −8.57 to −4.47; p < 0.001), msDBP (WMD = −3.32 mmHg, 95% CI: −4.57 to −2.07; p < 0.001), maSBP (WMD = −7.08 mmHg, 95% CI: −10.48 to −3.68; p < 0.001), maDBP (WMD = −3.28 mmHg, 95% CI: −4.55 to −2.02, p < 0.001). In subgroup analysis, only 200 mg and 400 mg LCZ696 showed a significant BP reduction. There was no difference in the AE rate between the LCZ696 and placebo groups (WMD = 1.02, 95% CI: 0.83 to 1.27, p = 0.54). Egger’s test revealed a potential publication bias for msSBP (p = 0.025), but no publication bias for other outcomes. Conclusion: LCZ696 may reduce blood pressure more efficaciously than traditional therapy in hypertensive patients without increasing adverse effects.

Comparative β-Adrenoreceptor-Blocking Effects and Pharmacokinetics of Propranolol and Pindolol in Hypertensive Africans

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (s5) ◽  
pp. 393s-396s ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Salako ◽  
A. O. Falase ◽  
A. Fadeke Aderounmu
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Exercise Heart Rate ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Blocking Effects ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
African Patients

1. The β-adrenoreceptor-blocking effects of pindolol were compared with those of propranolol and a placebo in a double-blind cross-over trial involving nine hypertensive African patients. 2. Heart rate, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure were measured at rest and immediately after exercise before and at intervals up to 6 h after oral administration of the drugs. In addition, plasma pindolol and propranolol concentrations were determined at the same intervals. 3. Pindolol diminished systolic blood pressure at rest and after exercise and antagonized exercise-induced tachycardia, but had no effect on resting heart rate. Propranolol diminished systolic blood pressure predominantly after exercise and reduced both resting and exercise heart rate. Both drugs had no effect on diastolic pressure. 4. The mean plasma concentration reached a peak at 2 h for each drug and this coincided with the interval at which maximal β-adrenoreceptor-blocking effect was observed.

scholarly journals Electrocardiographic Changes during Normal Pregnancy

2017 ◽  
Vol 02 (03) ◽  
pp. 035-038
Author(s):  
Beeram Sumalatha ◽  
Maddury Jyotsna ◽  
Garre Indrani
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Qtc Interval ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Cardiovascular Changes ◽  
Pr Interval ◽  
Qrs Duration ◽  
The Mean

Background Pregnancy is a physiologic condition which is unique in that it alters the physiology of each organ in the body. Cardiovascular changes during pregnancy are significant and start at 6 to 8 weeks of gestation. Physiologic cardiovascular changes during pregnancy suggest the chance of altered electrocardiographic (ECG) parameters during pregnancy. Study of variations in ECG in normal pregnant women serves as a basis to detect pathologic changes in pregnant women. Material and Methods This is a cross-sectional data of case series of pregnant women across all stages of gestation who attended antenatal clinic of our teaching hospital, on Women's Day (March 8, 2017). A 12-lead ECG was recorded in all the participants in supine position. The parameters noted from the ECG include heart rate, PR interval, QRS duration, QRS axis, corrected QT (QTc) interval, and ST-T changes. Results Total 151 pregnant women were studied. The average age was 23.38 ± 3.49 years. With respect to gestational age, 12 (7.94%), 48 (31.78%), and 91 (60.26%) women were in the first, second, and third trimesters of pregnancy, respectively. With respect to parity, 60 (39.7%) were primigravidae and 91 (60.26%) were multigravidae. The mean ECG heart rate was increased (100.15 ± 12.48 beats/min). The mean systolic blood pressure (109.67 ± 9.34 mm Hg) and the mean diastolic blood pressure (71.32 ± 6.89 mm Hg) were decreased. The mean of ECG intervals and durations (PR, QRS, QTc) were in normal range (0.14 ± 0.01, 0.08 ± 0.008, and 407.83 ± 11.98, respectively). There was no abnormal P-wave dispersion. Even though the QTc was in normal range in 63.56% of pregnant women, this parameter was in upper quadrant of the normal range. General linear regression demonstrated that systolic blood pressure and palpitations were the only variables to independently predict QTc in upper quadrant of normal range (p = 0.05, 0.03, respectively). Conclusion The cardiovascular hemodynamic adaptation to pregnancy is a well-established fact that is also seen in our study. There is shortening of PR interval and QRS duration. Even though QTc is with in normal range, in more than half (63.56%) of pregnant women, it is in the upper quadrant of the normal range.

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF HAEMODYNAMIC STABILITY WITH 0.5% AND 0.75% HYPERBARIC BUPIVACAINE DURING SPINAL ANAESTHESIA IN WOMEN UNDERGOING CAESAREAN SECTION

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 2078-81
Author(s):  
Hina Iftikhar ◽  
Aneel Aslam ◽  
Habib Ur Rehman ◽  
Zulfiqar Ali ◽  
Mohammad Ali Abbass ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Spinal Anaesthesia ◽  
P Value ◽  
Hyperbaric Bupivacaine ◽  
Haemodynamic Stability ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Objective: To compare the effect of 0.5% and 0.75% hyperbaric Bupivacaine on haemodynamic stability in terms of mean systolic blood pressure and heart rate recorded at 4 min in patients undergoing caesarian section in spinal anesthesia. Study Design: Quasi experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Anaesthesiology, Combined Military Hospital, Malir, from Jul to Dec 2018. Methodology: The patients were assigned in two groups (A and B) using lottery method. Group A received 0.5% hyperbaric Bupivacaine solution. Group B received 0.5% hyperbaric Bupivacaine solution. Spinal anaesthesia was given, blood pressure and heart rate were recorded. Data were analyzed in SPSS version 23. Both groups were compared for mean systolic blood pressure and heart rate by using independent sample t-test. Results: The mean age of patients was 29.62 ± 6.21 years in 0.75% Bupivacaine group while 29.31 ± 6.20 years in 0.5% Bupivacaine group. The mean systolic blood pressure of patients was 111.63 ± 5.96 mmHg in 0.75% Bupivacaine group while 117.16 ± 7.12 mmHg in 0.5% Bupivacaine group. The difference was significant in both groups (p-value <0.05). The mean heart rate of patients was 92.27 ± 4.71 beats per min (bpm) in 0.75% Bupivacaine group while 97.68 ± 4.58 bpm in 0.5% Bupivacaine group. The difference was significant in both groups (p-value <0.05). Conclusion: 0.5% hyperbaric Bupivacaine was better than 0.75% hyperbaric Bupivacaine solution in spinal anaesthesia during caesarean section.

scholarly journals The Effect of Methylphenidate and Atomoxetine on Heart Rate and Systolic Blood Pressure in Young People and Adults with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Meta-Regression

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 1789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin F. Liang ◽  
Samuel Z. Lim ◽  
Wilson W. Tam ◽  
Cyrus S. Ho ◽  
Melvyn W. Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cardiac Events ◽  
Adverse Cardiac Events ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Meta Regression ◽  
Pre Treatment

Objectives: This meta-analysis aims to study the effects of atomoxetine and methylphenidate on heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and a number of adverse cardiac events on patients receiving treatment for attention-deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) in comparison to placebo and between atomoxetine and methylphenidate. Methods: We searched the following databases: PubMed, EMBASE, and ScienceDirect. Meta-analysis was performed on studies that examined the relationships between methylphenidate or atomoxetine and HR, SBP, as well as a number of adverse cardiac events. These studies were either placebo-controlled or comparison studies between methylphenidate and atomoxetine. Meta-regression identified patient- and treatment-related factors that may contribute to heterogeneity. Results: Twenty-two studies were included and the total number of participants was 46,107. Children/adolescents and adults treated with methylphenidate had more significant increases in post- vs. pre-treatment HR (p < 0.001) and SBP (p < 0.001) than those treated by placebo. Children and adolescents treated with atomoxetine had more significant increases post- vs. pre-treatment HR (p = 0.025) and SBP (p < 0.001) than those treated with methylphenidate. Meta-regression revealed mean age of participants, mean dose, and duration of atomoxetine and methylphenidate as significant moderators that explained heterogeneity. There were no differences in the number of adverse cardiac events between participants with methylphenidate treatment and placebo or atomoxetine. Conclusions: Children/adolescents and adults treated with methylphenidate resulted in significant increases in post- vs. pre-treatment HR and SBP as compared to placebo. Similarly, children and adolescents treated with atomoxetine had significant increases in post- vs. pre-treatment HR and SBP than those treated with methylphenidate. These findings have potential implications for continuous monitoring of HR and SBP throughout the course of treatment although the risk for adverse cardiac events were insignificant.

scholarly journals Effects of music on systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and heart rate: a meta-analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rohit S. Loomba ◽  
Rohit Arora ◽  
Parinda H. Shah ◽  
Suraj Chandrasekar ◽  
Janos Molnar
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Meta Analysis

scholarly journals Effect of Ice Massage to Head and Spine on Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Variability in Patients with Hypertension: a Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 22-26
Author(s):  
Mooventhan A, MD ◽  
Sneha Bharati, BNYS ◽  
Nivethitha L, PhD ◽  
Manjunath NK, PhD
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Reduce Blood Pressure ◽  
Clinical Impact ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Mean

Background: Ice massage is one of the common hydrotherapeutic procedures. The current study is first of its kind, conducted to evaluate the effect of ice massage to head and spine on blood pressure and heart rate variability in patients with hypertension. Materials and Methods: Fifteen hypertensive subjects with the mean ± standard deviation (SD) age of 48.87 ± 11.17 yrs were recruited and underwent only one session of ice massage to head and spine for 20 min. Blood pressure and heart rate variability were assessed before and immediately after the intervention. Results: Results of this study showed a significant reduction in systolic blood pressure (p = <.001), diastolic blood pressure (p < .001) and heart rate (p = .012), and a significant increase in R-R Interval (the intervals between adjacent R waves in the electro cardiogram) (p = .001) in the posttest assessments compared to its respective pre-test assessments. Conclusion: Results suggest that 20 min of ice massage to head and spine may reduce blood pressure and heart rate in patients with hypertension. However, there is no evidence that this provides any significant clinical impact for the patient.

scholarly journals Impact of winter savory essential oil on the functioning of cardiovascular system of the elderly

2019 ◽  
pp. 86-93
Author(s):  
A. M. Yarosh ◽  
I. A. Batura ◽  
V. V. Tonkovtseva ◽  
F. M. Melikov ◽  
T. R. Bekmambetov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Relaxation Therapy ◽  
Peripheral Vascular ◽  
Time Periods

Objective. To study the effects of winter savory essential oil on the functioning of cardiovascular system of the elderly. Materials and methods. The study includes 97 women of older age with increased systolic blood pressure, which were divided into control (session of relaxation therapy only), and experimental (session of relaxation therapy combined with aromatherapy of winter savory essential oil) groups. Before and after the sessions, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate of the testees were measured and the following indices were determined: pulse blood pressure, minute blood volume, mean dynamic blood pressure, total peripheral vascular resistance, heart index, systolic index, Robinson index, Kerdo index, circulatory efficiency coefficient. Results. The study found that the use of winter savory essential oil led to a significant decrease in systolic blood pressure (exposure for 10 and 30 minutes) and heart rate (all time periods). The values of pulse and average dynamic blood pressure significantly decreased during aromatherapy for 10 or 30 minutes, there was also a significant decrease in the values of minute blood volume after 10 and 30-minute session of aromarelaxation. After 30-minute aromarelaxation there was an increase in the total peripheral vascular resistance. The change of Kerdo index value in the direction of parasympathetic after 30 minutes of aromatherapy was revealed. The value of the coefficient of efficiency of blood circulation significantly decreased after 10 and 30 minutes of aromarelaxation, Robinson index decreased during all time periods of exposure. Conclusion. On the basis of the obtained data, it can be concluded that the essential oil of winter savory has a pronounced normalizing effect on the circulatory function of the elderly women with systolic hypertension.

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