scholarly journals Vitamin D and HTLV Infection: A Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
E Netto ◽  
M Gomes-Neto ◽  
C Brites
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Spastic Paraparesis ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Parathyroid Hormone Related Protein ◽  
Htlv Infection ◽  
Human T Cell

Background:Vitamin D has been associated with the pathogenesis of infectious diseases.Objective:To perform a systematic review on the association of vitamin D and outcomes of HTLV (Human T-cell lymphotropic virus) infection.Methods:We searched PubMed, LILACs, Scielo, Embase and Cochrane Library for studies addressing vitamin D and HTLV infection. We included studies published in English since 1980. Studies associated with HIV, bone metabolism and not related to HTLV- associated myelopathy/ tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) or adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) were excluded.Results:Twenty-three studies were selected and sixteen studies were included in the review (eight experimental studies, three case reports, three cases series, one cross-sectional study and one review). Fourteen studies were focused on ATL, and two on HAM/TSP. The available data show thatin vitroexposure to 1,25(OH)2D inhibits proliferation of HTLV-infected lymphocytes in patients with ATL or HAM/TSP. It has been observed that hypercalcemia, the main cause of death in patients with ATL, is not associated with serum levels of 1,25(OH)2D or parathyroid hormone-related protein, but leukemia inhibitory factor/D factor seems to be an important factor for hypercalcemia pathogenesis. It was also demonstrated an association between the VDRApaIgene polymorphism and a decreased risk of HAM/TSP in HTLV positive individuals.Conclusion:Despite the small number and heterogeneity of the studies, this systematic review suggests that vitamin D play a role in the pathogenesis of HTLV-associated diseases.

scholarly journals Screening for Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus (HTLV) in Pregnant Women in the Peruvian Amazon and Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis of HTLV Infection in Peru

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 260
Author(s):  
José-Manuel Ramos-Rincón ◽  
Sonia Ortiz-Martínez ◽  
María-Esteyner Vásquez-Chasnamote ◽  
Eva de-Miguel-Balsa ◽  
Olga-Nohelia Gamboa-Paredes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Spastic Paraparesis ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Peruvian Amazon ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Htlv Infection ◽  
Human T Cell

Background. Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is responsible for tropical spastic paraparesis and HTLV-1-associated leukemia/lymphoma. The infection is endemic in some areas of Peru, but its prevalence in the Peruvian Amazon is not well established. We aimed to assess the seroprevalence of HTLV-1 infection in pregnant women in the Peruvian Amazon. Moreover, we performed a systematic literature review and meta-analysis of the seroprevalence of HTLV infection in Peru. (2) Methods. This is a prospective cross-sectional study involving pregnant women attending health centers in the city of Iquitos, Peru, in May and June 2019. The presence of antibodies against HTLV-1 was assessed using ELISA (HTLV I + II ELISA recombinant v.4.0, Wiener lab, Rosario, Argentina). Positive cases were confirmed by Western Blot and HTLV-1 proviral load. (3) Results. The study included 300 pregnant women with a mean age of 26 years (standard deviation [SD] 6.4). Five patients were diagnosed with HTLV-1 infection (prevalence 1.7%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.7% to 3.8%). Pregnant women with HTLV-1 infection were discretely younger (mean age 22.6 [SD 22.6] vs 26.8 [SD 6.3]; p = 0.128). None of the five women had been transfused, and all were asymptomatic. Two (40%) also had a positive serology for Strongyloides, but larvae were not detected in any of the parasitological stool studies. The systematic review component identified 40 studies, which showed that the prevalence of HTLV infection in the general population was 2.9% (95% CI 1.2% to 5.3%) and in women of childbearing age, 2.5% (95% CI 1.2% to 4.0%). (4) Conclusion. The prevalence of HTLV-1 in the Peruvian Amazon basin is about 1.7%, indicating an endemic presence. Screening for HTLV-1 in prenatal care is warranted.

scholarly journals Effects of vitamin D deficiency on neurobehavioural outcomes in children: a systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Agnes M. Mutua ◽  
Reagan M. Mogire ◽  
Alison M. Elliott ◽  
Thomas N. Williams ◽  
Emily L. Webb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Brain Development ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Cochrane Library

Introduction: Vitamin D plays an important role in brain development in experimental studies; however, the effect of vitamin D deficiency on child development remains inadequately characterized. We aimed to estimate the effects of vitamin D deficiency on neurobehavioural outcomes in children up to 18 years of age. Methods: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Open Grey for published studies up to 10th January 2020. We included all studies that assessed the effects of maternal or child vitamin D status or vitamin D supplementation on neurobehavioural outcomes in children. Study findings were synthesized qualitatively as the high level of heterogeneity in study populations and methodologies precluded a quantitative meta-analysis. Results: Our search identified 5,633 studies, of which 31 studies with 31,375 participants from 18 countries were included in the systematic review. Of the studies identified, one was a randomised controlled trial (RCT) of vitamin D supplementation in children, while 30 were observational. The RCT (n=55) reported a beneficial effect of supplementation with lower doses compared to higher doses of vitamin D on motor development. Twelve mother-child studies (n=17,136) and five studies in children (n=1,091) reported an association between low maternal or child 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and impaired neurobehavioural outcomes in children, while 15 mother-child studies (n=20,778) and eight studies in children (n=7,496) reported no association. Conclusions: Although animal studies point to an effect of vitamin D deficiency on brain development, there are few studies on the effects of vitamin D deficiency on neurobehavioural outcomes in children and their findings are inconsistent. There is a need for well-conducted, adequately powered studies to further determine these effects in children. Registration: PROSPERO ID CRD42018087619; registered on 15 February 2018.

scholarly journals Effects of vitamin D deficiency on neurobehavioural outcomes in children: a systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnes M. Mutua ◽  
Reagan M. Mogire ◽  
Alison M. Elliott ◽  
Thomas N. Williams ◽  
Emily L. Webb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Brain Development ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Extremely Preterm ◽  
Extremely Preterm Infants

Introduction: Vitamin D plays an important role in brain development in experimental studies; however, the effect of vitamin D deficiency on child development remains inadequately characterized. We aimed to estimate the effects of vitamin D deficiency on neurobehavioural outcomes in children up to 18 years of age. Methods: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Open Grey for published studies up to 10th January 2020. We included all studies that assessed the effects of maternal or child vitamin D status or vitamin D supplementation on neurobehavioural outcomes in children. Study findings were synthesized qualitatively as the high level of heterogeneity in study populations and methodologies precluded a quantitative meta-analysis. Results: Our search identified 5,633 studies, of which 32 studies with 31,445 participants from 18 countries were included in the systematic review. Of the studies identified, two were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of vitamin D supplementation in children, while 30 were observational. One RCT (n=55) reported a beneficial effect of supplementation with lower doses compared to higher doses of vitamin D on motor development while the other RCT (n=70) found no beneficial effect of vitamin D supplementation on cognition in extremely preterm infants. Twelve mother-child studies (n=17,136) and five studies in children (n=1,091) reported an association between low maternal or child 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and impaired neurobehavioural outcomes in children, while 15 mother-child studies (n=20,778) and eight studies in children (n=7,496) reported no association. Conclusions: Although animal studies point to an effect of vitamin D deficiency on brain development, there are few studies on the effects of vitamin D deficiency on neurobehavioural outcomes in children and their findings are inconsistent. There is a need for well-conducted, adequately powered studies to further determine these effects in children. Registration: PROSPERO ID CRD42018087619; registered on 15 February 2018.

scholarly journals HTLV-I Associated Myelopathy: An Endemic Disease of Canadian Aboriginals of the Northwest Pacific Coast

1993 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 302-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.F. Oger Joël ◽  
H. Werker Denise ◽  
J. Foti Dean ◽  
A. Dekaban Gregory
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
North American ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Sexual Transmission ◽  
Spastic Paraparesis ◽  
Northwest Pacific ◽  
Adult T Cell Leukemia ◽  
First Case ◽  
Human T Cell ◽  
Seychelles Islands

ABSTRACT:Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-I) is responsible for HTLV-I associated myelopathy or tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) and for adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL). Both diseases have been well described in individuals living in Japan, West Indies, Seychelles Islands and Columbia where infection with HTLV-I is considered endemic and in persons whose descendants originated from these endemic areas. We report here 4 cases of HAM/TSP in 4 natives from 4 different tribal groups from British Columbia (B.C.). These are the first case reports of HTLV-I linked diseases found among North American Aboriginals. Possible routes of infection for HTLV-I infection included sexual transmission, breast feeding, blood transfusions and IV drug use. The seroprevalence of HTLV-I in North American Native population is unknown and we suggest that it is endemic in this ethnic group.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Nutritional Education for Obese Older Adults With Frailty: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 401-401
Author(s):  
Yue-Heng Yin ◽  
Liu Yat Justina
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Nutritional Education ◽  
Hand Search ◽  
Education Interventions

Abstract Obesity has been shown to intensify the decline of physical function and lead to frailty. Nutrition is an important method in managing obesity and frailty, while seldom reviews have ever explored the effects of nutritional education interventions. We conducted a systematic review (PROSPERO: CRD42019142403) to explore the effectiveness of nutritional education interventions in managing body composition and physio-psychosocial parameters related to frailty. Randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies were searched in CINAHL, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PubMed and Scopus from 2001 to 2019. Hand search for the reference lists of included papers was conducted as well. We assessed the quality of included studies by Cochrane risk of bias tool. Meta-analyses and narrative synthesis were used to analyse the data. Two studies with low risk of bias were screened from 180 articles, which involved 177 older people with an average age of 69.69±4.08 years old. The results showed that nutritional education was significantly effective in reducing body weight and fat mass than exercises, and it was beneficial to enhancing physical function and psychosocial well-being. But the effects of nutritional education in increasing muscle strength were not better than exercises. The combined effects of nutritional education and exercises were superior than either exercises or nutritional education interventions solely in preventing the loss of lean mass and bone marrow density, and in improving physical function. Due to limited numbers of relevant studies, the strong evidence of effectiveness of nutritional education interventions on reversing frailty is still lacking.

scholarly journals Germinal epimutation of Fragile Histidine Triad (FHIT) gene is associated with progression to acute and chronic adult T-cell leukemia diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcia Bellon ◽  
Izabela Bialuk ◽  
Veronica Galli ◽  
Xue-Tao Bai ◽  
Lourdes Farre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Tumor Suppressor ◽  
Spastic Paraparesis ◽  
Cellular Transformation ◽  
T Cell Leukemia ◽  
Cell Leukemia ◽  
Cell Leukemia Virus Type ◽  
Fragile Histidine Triad ◽  
Adult T Cell Leukemia ◽  
Human T Cell

Abstract Background Human T cell Leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-I) is etiologically linked to adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) and an inflammatory neurodegenerative disease called HTLV-I-associated myelopathy or tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). The exact genetic or epigenetic events and/or environmental factors that influence the development of ATL, or HAM/TSP diseases are largely unknown. The tumor suppressor gene, Fragile Histidine Triad Diadenosine Triphosphatase (FHIT), is frequently lost in cancer through epigenetic modifications and/or deletion. FHIT is a tumor suppressor acting as genome caretaker by regulating cellular DNA repair. Indeed, FHIT loss leads to replicative stress and accumulation of double DNA strand breaks. Therefore, loss of FHIT expression plays a key role in cellular transformation. Methods Here, we studied over 400 samples from HTLV-I-infected individuals with ATL, TSP/HAM, or asymptomatic carriers (AC) for FHIT loss and expression. We examined the epigenetic status of FHIT through methylation specific PCR and bisulfite sequencing; and correlated these results to FHIT expression in patient samples. Results We found that epigenetic alteration of FHIT is specifically found in chronic and acute ATL but is absent in asymptomatic HTLV-I carriers and TSP/HAM patients’ samples. Furthermore, the extent of FHIT methylation in ATL patients was quantitatively comparable in virus-infected and virus non-infected cells. We also found that longitudinal HTLV-I carriers that progressed to smoldering ATL and descendants of ATL patients harbor FHIT methylation. Conclusions These results suggest that germinal epigenetic mutation of FHIT represents a preexisting mark predisposing to the development of ATL diseases. These findings have important clinical implications as patients with acute ATL are rarely cured. Our study suggests an alternative strategy to the current “wait and see approach” in that early screening of HTLV-I-infected individuals for germinal epimutation of FHIT and early treatment may offer significant clinical benefits.

scholarly journals The effect of hemodilution on free flap survival: A systematic review of clinical and experimental studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 457-466
Author(s):  
Matteo Amoroso ◽  
Peter Apelgren ◽  
Anna Elander ◽  
Karin Säljö ◽  
Lars Kölby
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Free Flaps ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Grade Scale ◽  
Reconstructive Microsurgery ◽  
The Cochrane Library

BACKGROUND: Acute normovolemic hemodilution (ANH) has been proposed as a microsurgical technique to improve blood flow in free flaps. OBJECTIVE: Here, we present the first systematic review of clinical and experimental studies on the effect of ANH. METHODS: We performed a systematic literature search of PubMed, Medline, the Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and ClinicalTrials.gov using search strategies and a review process in agreement with the PRISMA statement and the Cochrane Handbook for systematic reviews of interventions. PICO criteria were defined before bibliometric processing of the retrieved articles, which were analyzed with the SYRCLE RoB tool for risk of bias and the GRADE scale for level of evidence. RESULTS: We retrieved 74 articles from the literature search, and after processing according to PICO criteria, only four articles remained, all of which were experimental. The rating for risk of bias was uncertain according to SYRCLE RoB results, and the level of evidence was low according to GRADE evaluation. CONCLUSIONS: There is no clinical evidence for the effect of ANH on microcirculation in free flaps, and experimental studies provide weak evidence supporting the use of hemodilution in reconstructive microsurgery.

scholarly journals Cytokine Networks Dysregulation during HTLV-1 Infection and Associated Diseases

Viruses ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Futsch ◽  
Gabriela Prates ◽  
Renaud Mahieux ◽  
Jorge Casseb ◽  
Hélène Dutartre
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Immune Escape ◽  
Leukemia Virus ◽  
Spastic Paraparesis ◽  
T Cell Leukemia ◽  
Cell Leukemia ◽  
Cell Leukemia Virus Type ◽  
Associated Diseases ◽  
Cytokines And Chemokines ◽  
Human T Cell

Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is the causative agent of a neural chronic inflammation, called HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) and of a malignant lymphoproliferation, called the adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL). The mechanisms through which the HTLV-1 induces these diseases are still unclear, but they might rely on immune alterations. HAM/TSP is associated with an impaired production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, such as IFN-γ, TNF-α, CXCL9, or CXCL10. ATLL is associated with high levels of IL-10 and TGF-β. These immunosuppressive cytokines could promote a protumoral micro-environment. Moreover, HTLV-1 infection impairs the IFN-I production and signaling, and favors the IL-2, IL-4, and IL-6 expression. This contributes both to immune escape and to infected cells proliferation. Here, we review the landscape of cytokine dysregulations induced by HTLV-1 infection and the role of these cytokines in the HTLV-1-associated diseases progression.

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