New Biopolymer Nanocomposite Based Poly Polybutylene Succinate (PBS)/Corn Starch Modified Clay

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manar Ghyath Abd-Almutalib Al-Mosawy
Keyword(s):  
Corn Starch ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Substantial Improvement ◽  
Clay Nanocomposites ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Modified Clay ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
The World ◽  
Polybutylene Succinate

Background: Polybutylene succinate (PBS) is a type of biodegradable polymers that have gained considerable attention among scholars when extreme rivalry is increasing rapidly in around the world for finding alternatives to petroleum-based polymeric materials. Methods: A modified clay was used in preparing nanocomposites for the PBS / corn starch mixture. Nanocomposites were prepared by 0.5–5 percent of HDA-MMT being integrated.An x-ray diffraction technique (XRD) was employed to characterize the modifier’s interactionin the clay layer. Results: In order to the nanocomposites to be synthesized, a solution was used to cast off the modified clay and (PBS)/ corn starch) blend. The nanocomposites production was verified by XRD and transmission electron microscopy. Conclusion: Modified clay nanocomposites (PBS / Corn starch) demonstrate higher thermal stability and substantial improvement in contrast to PBS / Corn starch blend.

Structure and properties of PA6-66/γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane-modified clay nanocomposites prepared by in situ polymerization

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaochao Liu ◽  
Dengwang Lai ◽  
Yuejun Liu ◽  
Pu Shi ◽  
Wenzhi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
In Situ Polymerization ◽  
Covalent Bond ◽  
Polymer Chains ◽  
Clay Nanocomposites ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Modified Clay ◽  
Transmission Electron

AbstractIn this study, PA6-66/γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane-modified clay nanocomposites were prepared byin situpolymerization. It was found that the γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane was chemically grafted onto clay successfully, and the covalent bond was formed between the clay and polymer chains. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) results indicated that intercalated and exfoliated nanocomposites were obtained. The PA6-66 nanocomposites exhibited improved mechanical performance compared to that of neat PA6-66. Most importantly, the PA6-66 nanocomposites showed significantly improved toughness. In comparison with neat PA6-66, the rupture stress and elongation at the break of the nanocomposite with only 0.5 wt% clay increased 91.9% and 91.8%, respectively. The excellent toughness of PA6-66 nanocomposites should be mainly ascribed to the combined effects of strong polymer-clay interaction, the intercalated-exfoliated structures of clay, refined crystalline, formation of γ-form crystals, and decreased crystallinity of PA6-66.

Millable Polyurethane/Organoclay Nanocomposites: Preparation, Characterization, and Properties

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 634-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Siliani ◽  
M. A. López-Manchado ◽  
J. L. Valentín ◽  
M. Arroyo ◽  
A. Marcos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Substantial Improvement ◽  
Nanometer Scale ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Transformation Techniques ◽  
Covalent Bonds ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Organically Modified ◽  
Diffraction Patterns

Novel millable polyurethane (PU)/organoclay nanocomposites have been successfully prepared by conventional transformation techniques. One natural (C6A) and two organically modified (C15A and C30B) montmorillonites have been used as clays for preparing PU nanocomposites. The optimum dispersion of nanofiller at a nanometer scale in PU matrix was confirmed by X-ray diffraction patterns and transmission electron microscopy. A substantial improvement of the PU properties by addition of only a small amount of organoclay was observed. It is worthy to note that the organoclays show a different interfacial interaction with the PU matrix, which was reflected in different macroscopic properties. Thus, C30B organoclay seems to react with PU chains to form covalent bonds, while C15Aonly interacts physically with PU chains. Mechanical and barrier properties are analyzed.

Synthesis and Electrorheological Characteristics of Conducting Polymer/Clay Nanocomposites

2007 ◽  
Vol 124-126 ◽  
pp. 1083-1086
Author(s):  
Jun Hee Sung ◽  
Hyoung Jin Choi
Keyword(s):  
Conducting Polymer ◽  
Electrorheological Fluid ◽  
Clay Nanocomposites ◽  
Wide Angle ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Internal Structures ◽  
In Situ Emulsion Polymerization

Nanocomposites of conducting polymers of polyaniline (PANI), poly(oethoxyaniline) (PEOA) and polypyrrole (PPy) with clay prepared via either in-situ emulsion polymerization or solvent intercalation were investigated especially for electrorheological fluid (ER) application. Internal structures of these nanocomposites were examined via wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The intercalated nanostructures analyzed via WAXD and TEM were correlated with the electrical property change originated from the nanoscale interaction between clay and conducting polymer. Moreover, their ER behaviors were measured via rotational rheometer with external electric field controller.

Modification of clays with styrenic ionic liquid by Synthesis of in-situ Polystyrene Nanocomposite

e-Polymers ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Galehassadi ◽  
Fatemeh Hosseinzadeh ◽  
Mehrdad Mahkam
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Clay Nanocomposites ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Modified Montmorillonite ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Insitu Polymerization ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Abstract Nanocomposites of polystyrene (PS) was prepared with new styrenic ionic liquid, N-(4-vinyl benzyl)-(N,N-dimethylamino) pyridinium chloride[VBMAP], surfactants used as organic modifications for the clays. Sodium montmorillonite (Na-MMT) was successfully modified by [VBMAP] to become OMMT through cation exchange technique which is shown by the increase of basalspacing of clay by XRD. The composite material based on polystyrene and organo-modified montmorillonite (OMMT) was prepared by insitu polymerization and characterized. The morphology of the polymer/clay hybrids was evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) ,transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), showing good overall dispersion of the clay. The thermal stability of the polymer/clay nanocomposites were enhanced, as evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis.

Influence of Silicate Surface Modification on Morphology and Mechanical Properties of Nylon6/Clay Nanocomposites

2007 ◽  
Vol 334-335 ◽  
pp. 877-880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae Hun Shim ◽  
Jae Hun Choi ◽  
Jung Hiuk Joo ◽  
Jin San Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Nylon 6 ◽  
Clay Nanocomposites ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
End Groups ◽  
Silicate Surface ◽  
Epoxy Groups ◽  
Microscopy Images

A new method was attempted to improve the interaction between nylon 6 with a commercially available organoclay, Cloisite®25A (C25A) through modification of C25A with 3-aminopropyltriethoxy silane, 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate, 3-(glycidoxypropyl) trimethoxysilane and 3-isocyanate propyltriethoxy silane. C25A and C25A modified with the silane compounds(TFC) were melt mixed with nylon 6. X-Ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy images revealed that all the TFC layers were fully exfoliated in nylon 6 matrix irrespectively of the type of the silane compounds used for the modification. Tensile properties of nylon 6 were most significantly improved when 3-(glycidoxypropyl)trimethoxysilane modified C25A was incorporated. The chemical reaction between the epoxy groups and the end groups of nylon 6 raised the interfacial interaction and thus was responsible for the enhanced tensile properties.

Study on the Production of Silver/Modified Clay Nanocomposites

2013 ◽  
Vol 1547 ◽  
pp. 167-172
Author(s):  
Natália F. N. Pessanha ◽  
Gerson L. V. Coelho
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Silver Nitrate ◽  
Sodium Borohydride ◽  
Particle Diameter ◽  
Reducing Agent ◽  
Clay Nanocomposites ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Modified Clay

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to investigate the application of modified clay as a support in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. Silver nitrate (AgNO3) was used as the silver precursor in several concentrations (0.005 M, 0.01 M, 0.02 M, 0.05 M, and 0.1 M) to obtain Ag-MMT purified and modified clay nanocomposites. The properties of nanocomposites were also studied as a function of the concentration of the reducing agent, sodium borohydride (NaBH4). It was observed through X-ray Diffraction that the MMT purified structure was gradually exfoliated with increased concentrations of AgNO3, while the modified clay structure remained intact. As observed through UV-vis spectra, samples of Ag+-MMT were reduced with NaBH4 to produce Ago and its particle diameter is dependent on the concentration of NaBH4.

Study on the Preparation and Properties of EVA-G-PU/OMMT Nanocomposites

2010 ◽  
Vol 123-125 ◽  
pp. 247-250
Author(s):  
Yu Qing Zhang ◽  
Yu Xin He ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
Jun Xian Li
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Clay Nanocomposites ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Thermal Gravimetric ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Thermal Stabilities ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
New Type

A new type of EVA-g-PU/OMMT nanocomposites was synthesized through the method of chemical modification and melt intercalation. FTIR testing showed that the PU prepolymer was grafted on EVA main chains successfully. The structures of EVA-g-PU/OMMT nanocomposites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The enhanced storage modulus of EVA-g-PU/OMMT nanocomposites was characterized by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The thermal stabilities of EVA/clay nanocomposites were also studied by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). Mechanical testing showed that the tensile strength and tear strength of EVA-g-PU/OMMT nanocomposites were far superior to pure EVA.

Preparation of Highly Exfoliated Epoxy/Clay Nanocomposites by the Method of Ultrasonication Dispersion-Microwave Cure

2011 ◽  
Vol 418-420 ◽  
pp. 670-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun Yan Wang ◽  
Shi Yang Zhou ◽  
Zhen Jiang ◽  
Xiao Qing Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Microwave Energy ◽  
Basal Spacing ◽  
Clay Nanocomposites ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Layered Clay

A new ultrasonication dispersion – microwave cure (UD-MC) method for preparing highly exfoliated layered epoxy/clay nanocomposites was developed. The process was divided into two consecutive stages. In the first stage, the epoxy and organoclay were mixed by high stirring and ultrasonication in the presence of acetone. In the second stage, the mixture of epoxy and organoclay was cured with microwave of 400W and postcured at 135°C. The microstructure of the nanocomposites was characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results indicated that the basal spacing of the organoclay particles in the epoxy/clay mixture was significantly enlarged, up to around 75Å afther the ultrasonic treatment. The layered clay was highly exfoliated under the microwave energy; and the basal spacing of nanolayers was more than 90Å.

The Preparation and Characterization of a Novolac Cured Epoxy-Clay Nanocomposites

2006 ◽  
Vol 939 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsung-Yen Tsai ◽  
Shau-Tai Lu ◽  
Chih-Hung Li ◽  
Chin-Jei Huang ◽  
Li-Chun Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Benzalkonium Chloride ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Layered Silicates ◽  
Clay Nanocomposites ◽  
Crosslinking Reaction ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron

ABSTRACTIntercalated or exfoliated nanocomposites were composed by the novolac cured epoxy and one of three different kinds of layered silicates, such as montmorillonite (PK-802), saponite (Semecton-SA) and nontronite (PK-805). The bi-functional modifiers (PI/BEN or MI/BEN) with different ratio, which contained one of the promoters (2-phenylimidazole, PI and 2-methylimidazole, MI) of epoxy and benzalkonium chloride (BEN), were intercalated into the gallery regions of pure clays at the same time and followed by a crosslinking reaction. The properties of novolac cured epoxy/clay nanocomposites were characterized by wild-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXRD), thermal analysis (TGA/DSC), coefficiency of thermal expansion (TMA), mechanical properties (DMA), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). According to the measurement, these novolac cured epoxy-clay nanocomposites have shown the significant improvement in the thermal, mechanical and barrier properties.

Preparation of Exfoliated Polyethylene/Clay Nanocomposites at High Clay Content

2010 ◽  
Vol 150-151 ◽  
pp. 561-564
Author(s):  
Hao Qun Hong ◽  
Hai Yan Zhang ◽  
Hui He ◽  
De Min Jia
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Layered Silicates ◽  
Clay Nanocomposites ◽  
Melt Blending ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
High Polarity

The polyethylene/montmorillonite (PE/MMT) nanocomposites were prepared by melt blending the organic MMT with the ternary-monomer graft copolymers of polyethylene (GPE) which were prepared by solid phase grafting maleic anhydride, methyl methacrylate and butyl acrylate onto PE. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to characterize the structure of GPE. X-ray diffraction patterns and transmission electron microscopy were used to characterize the morphology of GPE/MMT nanocomposites. Results showed that GPE was an outstanding polymeric material to prepare an exfoliated polymer/layered silicates nanocomposites due to the high polarity of GPE and high graft degree. Most layered silicates still maintain the exfoliated and well dispersed state even at 40 phr OMMT content. The exfoliation of layered silicates was attributed to the well intercalation and easy wetting of the grafted oligomers.

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