Ameliorative Potential of Glycyrrhiza glabra extracts on Memory Impairments in Stress Triggered Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 06 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parul Kamboj ◽  
Ajit Kumar Thakur
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽  
Molecular Study ◽  
Glycyrrhiza Glabra ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Behavioral Alteration ◽  
Memory Enhancing

Background: Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn. (Family: Fabaceae) has been known to very useful medicinal plant in the Traditional Medicinal Systems from the centuries. With ethnopharmacological values, it is well-reported plant for their traditional uses for anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anxiolytic, expectorant activities, and antidepressant activities. Objective: Although it is described for memory enhancing activity, the present study was focused to examine the comparative effect of Glycyrrhiza glabra extracts viz. flavonoid rich (GGFE) and glycyrrhizin rich (GGGE) in stress triggered rats and to provide future research insight for this herbal drug, for which no scientific justification has been reported till now. Methods: Male Wister rats divided into 7 different groups (n= 6 per group) were given chronic foot-shock stress for 21 successive days with scheduled administration of the extracts (50 and 100 mg/kg) and standard drug (10 mg/kg) for 28 days. Elevated Plus Maze, Rectangular Maze, Morris Water Maze, and Locomotor activity were performed to test behavioral alteration and learning ability of stressed rats. Further, rats were sacrificed to assay acetylcholinesterase activity and antioxidant activity in brain samples for the mechanistic role in learning and memory. Results: Extracts of Glycyrrhiza glabra were indicated a significant alteration in stress induced learning and memory deficiency in behavioral parameters studied. These extracts were also modulated significant changes in acetylcholinesterase and antioxidant enzyme activity to improve the learning and memory of stressed rats. Conclusions: It is concluded that both extracts of Glycyrrhiza glabra (GGFE and GGGE) possess memory enhancing property in stress triggered rats. Moreover, these comparative results provided information and confirmed the high potential of GGGE in comparison to GGFE might be due to rich glycyrrhizin content present in GGGE responsible for acetylcholinesterase and antioxidant enzyme modulatory activity. Therefore, GGGE could be used as a promising lead for further mechanistic and molecular study for defining the role of glycyrrhizin of Glycyrrhiza glabra.

scholarly journals Memory-Enhancing Activity of Palmatine in Mice Using Elevated Plus Maze and Morris Water Maze

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinesh Dhingra ◽  
Varun Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Morris Water Maze ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Improved Learning ◽  
Memory Enhancing ◽  
Brain Acetylcholinesterase

The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of palmatine on memory of Swiss young male albino mice. Palmatine (0.1, 0.5, 1 mg/kg,i.p.) and physostigmine (0.1 mg/kg,i.p.) per se were administered for 10 successive days to separate groups of mice. Effect of drugs on learning and memory of mice was evaluated using elevated plus maze and Morris water maze. Brain acetylcholinesterase activity was also estimated. Effect of palmatine on scopolamine- and diazepam-induced amnesia was also investigated. Palmatine (0.5 and 1 mg/kg) and physostigmine significantly improved learning and memory of mice, as indicated by decrease in transfer latency using elevated plus maze, and decrease in escape latency during training and increase in time spent in target quadrant during retrieval using Morris water maze. The drugs did not show any significant effect on locomotor activity of the mice. Memory-enhancing activity of palmatine (1 mg/kg) was comparable to physostigmine. Palmatine (1 mg/kg) significantly reversed scopolamine- and diazepam-induced amnesia in mice. Palmatine and physostigmine also significantly reduced brain acetylcholinesterase activity of mice. Thus, palmatine showed memory-enhancing activity in mice probably by inhibiting brain acetylcholinesterase activity, through involvement of GABA-benzodiazepine pathway, and due to its antioxidant activity.

scholarly journals Children’s Label-Learning Experience within Superordinate Categories Facilitates their Generalization of Labels for Additional Category Members

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-83
Author(s):  
Emily E. Russell
Keyword(s):  
Perceptual Organization ◽  
Learning Experience ◽  
Experimental Designs ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Learning Biases ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Multiple Accounts ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Specific Label

Abstract In two studies, we tested the relationship between children’s label-learning experience and label-learning ability within diverse superordinate categories with complex perceptual organization (animals, clothing, foods). Using both quasi-experimental and experimental designs, we examined 18- and 24-month-old children’s ability to generalize labels for novel members of superordinate categories as a product of their previous experience in learning labels for members of those categories. As predicted, children properly generalized more labels for members of the categories within which they had more label-learning experience than for members of the categories within which they had less label-learning experience. Results are consistent with the idea that children develop category-specific label-learning biases through their experience in learning labels for category members; they carry implications for multiple accounts of vocabulary acquisition and identify directions for future research.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF ROTATORY VESTIBULAR STIMULATION ON LEARNING AND MEMORY IN RATS-STANDARDIZATION OF A NOVEL METHOD

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devi N. P. ◽  
J. K. Mukkadan
Keyword(s):  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Cholinesterase Activity ◽  
Vestibular Stimulation ◽  
Dendritic Arborization ◽  
Acetyl Cholinesterase ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Behavioural Analysis ◽  
Behavioural Patterns ◽  
Biochemical Studies ◽  
Novel Method

<p><strong>Objective</strong>:<strong> </strong>To find out the effect of rotatory vestibular stimulation in cognition in rats through examining the behavioural patterns, the alterations in dendritic arborization and changes in AChE activity.</p><p><strong>Methods</strong>:<strong> </strong>Rotatory vestibular stimulation was provided in a rotatory vestibular apparatus at a rate of 50 rpm for 5 min, for 30 d for rats. 0.3 mg/kg of physostigmine also administered to rats of another group as a standard drug. No rotatory vestibular stimulation or physostigmine is provided to the control rats. Behavioural analysis, Neuromorphological and biochemical studies were done after vestibular stimulation.</p><p><strong>Results</strong>:<strong> </strong>No. of trails for acquisition and retention reduced significantly in treated rats when compared with the control rats. In all the treated rats the dendritic arborization increased significantly, and activity of AChE decreased significantly when compare with the control.</p><p><strong>Conclusion</strong>:<strong> </strong>Rotatory vestibular stimulation enhances learning and memory <em>via</em> increasing dendritic arborization and inhibiting acetyl-cholinesterase activity in rats. </p>

scholarly journals Evaluation of learning and memory effect of atorvastatin and simvastatin in alprazolam induced amnesia in mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 1900
Author(s):  
Shashikala G. ◽  
Jyothi C. H. ◽  
Shashikala G. H.
Keyword(s):  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Memory Effect ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Evaluation Of Learning ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
One Way Anova

Background: The study was undertaken to evaluate the learning and memory effect of lipid lowering drugs atorvastatin and simvastatin in alprazolam induced amnesic mice.Methods: The study was carried out on albino mice, divided into 4 groups of 6 animals each (either sex, 3-4 months of age, weight 25-30g). Amnesia was induced by administering Alprazolam (2mg/kg for 14 days) in all 4 groups from 1st to 14th day. In addition, group 2, 3 and 4 received Piracetam (400mg/kg), Atorvastatin (5mg/kg) and Simvastatin (5mg/kg) from 8th to 14th day respectively. The learning and memory of the animals was assessed by employing Elevated plus maze (EPM) and Step-down type passive avoidance (SDA) model.Results: Results were compared among the different groups using one way-ANOVA followed by post hoc Tukey’s test. The measured parameters were compared with standard drug Piracetam. In EPM model Atorvastatin (p<0.049) and Simvastatin (p<0.007) were comparable with standard drug Piracetam, whereas in SDA model only simvastatin group (p<0.001) showed significant result.Conclusions: In EPM model, both the statins showed significant improvement in learning and memory in alprazolam induced amnesic mice. However further studies are required to support these observations.

scholarly journals PENGARUH TRITERPEN TOTAL PEGAGAN (Centella asiatica (L) Urban) TERHADAP FUNGSI KOGNITIF BELAJAR DAN MENGINGAT PADA MENCIT JANTAN ALBINO (Mus musculus) YANG DIHAMBAT DENGAN SKOPOLAMIN

Molekul ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Herlina Herlina
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Centella Asiatica ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Mice

Pegagan (Centella asiatica (L) Urban) has been described to posses CNS effects such as improving cognitive function, learning and memory. The aim of the research was to evaluate the effects of total triterpen’s pegagan extract on cognitive functions as the learning and memory performance in male albino mice (Mus musculus) inhibited by scopolamine. The research design was Complete Randomized Design (RAL) – factorial on thirty six mice divided into 4 groups. One control group received only aquabidest (negative control). Three treatment groups received total triterpen 16 mg/kg BW, 32 mg/kg BW orally and piracetam 500 mg/kg BW by intra peritoneally (positive control) for 21 days. Data indicating learning and memory process of all subjects were obtained from one-trial passive avoidance test. Data were analyzed by two way ANOVA and BNT (p<0,05). Result showed that total triterpen 32 mg/kg BW had significantly prolonged the retention time compared to control group indicating improvement in cognitive function (505,03 second vs -18,53 second) (p<0,05) and it was not significantly different to piracetam 500 mg/kg BW group (505,03 second vs 522,48 second) (p>0,05). In conclusion, total triterpen from pegagan (Centella asiatica (L) Urban) improved learning ability and memory of male albino mice (Mus musculus) even though, it was inhibited by scopolamine.

scholarly journals Effects of dance on cognitive function in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Hewston ◽  
Courtney Clare Kennedy ◽  
Sayem Borhan ◽  
Dafna Merom ◽  
Pasqualina Santaguida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Trail Making Test ◽  
Global Cognitive Function ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
Complex Attention

Abstract Background dance is a mind–body activity that stimulates neuroplasticity. We explored the effect of dance on cognitive function in older adults. Methods we searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL and PsycInfo databases from inception to August 2020 (PROSPERO:CRD42017057138). Inclusion criteria were (i) randomised controlled trials (ii) older adults (aged ≥ 55 years), (iii) intervention—dance and (iv) outcome—cognitive function. Cognitive domains were classified with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 Neurocognitive Framework. Meta-analyses were performed in RevMan5.3 and certainty of evidence with GradePro. Results we reviewed 3,997 records and included 11 studies (N = 1,412 participants). Seven studies included only healthy older adults and four included those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Dance interventions varied in frequency (1–3×/week), time (35–60 minutes), duration (3–12 months) and type. We found a mean difference (MD) = 1.58 (95% confidence interval [CI) = 0.21–2.95) on the Mini Mental State Examination for global cognitive function (moderate-certainty evidence), and the Wechsler Memory Test for learning and memory had an MD = 3.02 (95% CI = 1.38–4.65; low-certainty evidence). On the Trail Making Test-A for complex attention, MD = 3.07 (95% CI = −0.81 to 6.95; high-certainty evidence) and on the Trail Making Test-B for executive function, MD = −4.12 (95% CI = −21.28 to 13.03; moderate-certainty evidence). Subgroup analyses did not suggest consistently greater effects in older adults with MCI. Evidence is uncertain for language, and no studies evaluated social cognition or perceptual–motor function. Conclusions dance probably improves global cognitive function and executive function. However, there is little difference in complex attention, and evidence also suggests little effect on learning and memory. Future research is needed to determine the optimal dose and if dance results in greater cognitive benefits than other types of physical activity and exercise.

Effect of Glabridin from Glycyrrhiza glabra on Learning and Memory in Mice

Planta Medica ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 377-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Ming Cui ◽  
Ming-Zhang Ao ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Long-Jiang Yu
Keyword(s):  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Glycyrrhiza Glabra
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