scholarly journals Understanding the Molecular Mechanism(s) of SARS-CoV2 Infection and Propagation in Human to Discover Potential Preventive and Therapeutic Approach

Coronaviruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sibi Raj ◽  
Vaishali Chandel ◽  
Brijesh Rathi ◽  
Dhruv Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Therapeutic Approach ◽  
Human Cells ◽  
Huge Number ◽  
The World

Exported across the world might create a serious controversy. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) infection into the host undergoes a huge number of complex replicative machineries which remains unclear. Understanding the mechanism (s) of replication and mode of infection of SARS-CoV2 to human cells will help us in the development of novel vaccines or drugs for the eradication and prevention of the disease. This review compiles the knowledge of SARS-CoV2 replicative machinery, mode of infection to the human cells and the development of drugs and vaccines which are currently under clinical trials.

scholarly journals Understanding the Molecular Mechanism(s) of SARS-CoV2 Infection and Propagation in Human to Discover Potential Preventive and Therapeutic Approach

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhruv Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Therapeutic Approach ◽  
Hubei Province ◽  
Human Cells ◽  
Huge Number ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

In December 2019, outbreak of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China and exported across the world leading to thousands of deaths and millions of suspected cases. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) infection into the host undergoes a huge number of complex replicative machineries which still remains unclear. Understanding the mechanism (s) of replication and mode of infection of SARS-CoV2 to human cells will help us in the development of novel vaccines or drugs for the eradication and prevention of the disease. This review compiles the knowledge of SARS-CoV2 replicative machinery, mode of infection to the human cells and the development of drugs and vaccines which are currently under clinical trials.

scholarly journals Understanding the Molecular Mechanism(s) of SARS-CoV2 Infection and Propagation in Human to Discover Potential Preventive and Therapeutic Approach

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sibi Raj ◽  
Vaishali Chandel ◽  
Brijesh Rathi ◽  
Dhruv Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Therapeutic Approach ◽  
Hubei Province ◽  
Human Cells ◽  
Huge Number ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

In December 2019, outbreak of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China and exported across the world leading to thousands of deaths and millions of suspected cases. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) infection into the host undergoes a huge number of complex replicative machineries which still remains unclear. Understanding the mechanism (s) of replication and mode of infection of SARS-CoV2 to human cells will help us in the development of novel vaccines or drugs for the eradication and prevention of the disease. This review compiles the knowledge of SARS-CoV2 replicative machinery, mode of infection to the human cells and the development of drugs and vaccines which are currently under clinical trials.

scholarly journals Montelukast and Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niusha Sharifinejad ◽  
Samin Sharafian ◽  
Sana Salekmoghadam ◽  
Marzieh Tavakol ◽  
Mostafa Qorbani
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Therapeutic Approach ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Antiviral Drug ◽  
Prophylactic Agent ◽  
Prophylactic Drug ◽  
The World

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging worldwide issue, that has affected a large number of people around the world. So far, many studies have aimed to develop a therapeutic approach against COVID-19. Montelukast (MK) is a safe asthma controller drug, which is considered as a potential antiviral drug for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This review has a systematic approach to investigate the reports on the use of MK as a part of treatment or a prophylactic agent in COVID-19. The search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases and yielded 35 studies containing the influence of MK on SARS-CoV-2. Ultimately, MK appears to be worth being used as an adjuvant therapeutic and prophylactic drug against SARS-CoV-2. Nevertheless, more clinical trials are required to accurately investigate its effectiveness.

COVID-19: Are Experimental Drugs Cure or Ill?

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bensu Karahalil ◽  
Aylin Elkama
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Experimental Drugs ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
The World

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new strain of coronavirus. It is characterized by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It has quickly influenced all over the world since it spreads easily. Common symptoms are fever, cough, difficulty in breathing and muscle aches. Despite the urgent need to find an effective antiviral treatment, already available agents are being used alone or in combination all over the world. At the beginning of the pandemic, death rates of infection caused by COVID-19 are high but "is COVID-19 responsible for all deaths?", or “are there any contributions of the frequently used drugs in this period to these deaths?” Surely herd immunity plays a major role and has the contribution in the decline in mortality rates. Meanwhile, it is kept in mind that due to safety concerns, changes have also been made to the dosage and combined use of frequently used drugs. Objective: In this review, answers to two questions above and the safety of treatments, toxicities of agents involving chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, remdesivir, favipiravir, lopiravir/ritonavir, sarilumab, tocilizumab, siltuximab, corticosteroids and bromhexine which are the most frequently used in both Turkey and all over the world will be summarized. Conclusion: Among these drugs favipiravir seems the most promising drug due to more tolerable adverse effects. More clinical trials with large sample sizes are needed to find the most effective and safe drug for COVID-19 treatment.

scholarly journals The LIFE CYCLE OF COVID-19 STAGES AND TREATMENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ripu Daman M. Singh ◽  
Nida Malim ◽  
Aves Raza Khan ◽  
Huda Khan ◽  
Nauman Khatib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Late Phase ◽  
Antiviral Drug ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Clinical Recovery ◽  
The World ◽  
Autoimmune Conditions ◽  
Viral Outbreak

The coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is a highly transmittable and pathogenic viral infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)bat viruses, therefore bats could be the possible primary reservoir , which emerged in Wuhan, China and spread around the world. The intermediate source of origin and transfer to humans is not known, however, the rapid human to human transfer has been confirmed widely. There is no clinically approved antiviral drug or vaccine available to be used against COVID-19. However, few broad-spectrum antiviral drugs have been evaluated against COVID-19 in clinical trials, resulted in clinical recovery. We also discuss the approaches for  therapeutic combinations to cope with this viral outbreak. Chloroquine has been sporadically used in treating SARS-CoV-2 infection. Hydroxychloroquine shares the same mechanism of action as chloroquine, but its more tolerable safety profile makes it the preferred drug to treat malaria and autoimmune conditions. We propose that the immunomodulatory effect of hydroxychloroquine also may be useful in controlling the cytokine storm that occurs late-phase in critically ill SARS-CoV-2 infected patients.

scholarly journals Medicines for the Treatment Of COVID-19: Awaiting the Evidence

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 500
Author(s):  
Natalia Marto ◽  
Emília C. Monteiro
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Off Label Use ◽  
Promising Candidate ◽  
Off Label ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Investigational Drugs ◽  
The World ◽  
Repurposed Drugs

The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is the cause of Coronavirus Disease 2019, a new illness with no effective treatment or vaccine that has reached pandemic proportions. In this document, we analyze how health authorities and agencies around the world position themselves regarding the off-label use of repurposed drugs or new investigational drugs to treat Coronavirus Disease 2019. We review the most promising candidate medicines, including available evidence, clinical recommendations and current options for access. Our concluding remarks stress the importance of administering off-label and investigational drugs in the setting of clinical trials, or at least in standardized scenarios, to generate as much scientific knowledge as achievable while engaging in the best efforts to treat patients and save lives.

Remdesivir, A Potential Drug for COVID-19 Treatment: A New Hope

Coronaviruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuldeep Singh ◽  
Dilpreet Singh ◽  
Karan Razdan
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Rna Polymerase ◽  
Recovery Rate ◽  
Potential Drug ◽  
Regulatory Status ◽  
The World ◽  
Polymerase Inhibitor

Objective: Coronavirus Diease-2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic outbreak in the world and is the leading cause of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). Methods: Currently, many drugs/therapies have been tested for COVID-19 which responded sub optimally to the patients. Remdesivir is a RNA polymerase inhibitor found promising results in ongoing clinical trials and shows faster recovery rate in COVID-19 patients. Currently, USFDA approves for emergent use of this drug in severe COVID-19 patients. Results: In this review, we discussed brief overview of biopharmaceutical and pharmacological aspects of Remdesivir. Moreover, ongoing regulatory status of Remdesivir by official bodies has also been described.

Synthetic Attempts Towards Eminent Anti-Viral Candidates of SARS-CoV

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhradip Kundu ◽  
Debayan Sarkar
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Southern China ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Entire World ◽  
Chemical Companies ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Synthetic Approaches ◽  
First Time

: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) aka SARS-CoV spread over southern China for the first time in 2002-2003 and history repeated again since last year and take away more than two million people so far. On March 11, 2020 COVID-19 outbreak was officially declared as pandemic by World Health Organization (WHO). Entire world united to fight back against this ultimate destruction. Around 90 vaccines are featured against SARS-CoV-2 and more than 300 active clinical trials are underway by several groups and individuals. So far, no drugs are currently approved that completely eliminates the deadly corona virus. The promising SARS-CoV-2 anti-viral drugs are favipiravir, remdesivir, lopinavir, ribavirin and avifavir. In this review, we have discussed the synthetic approaches elaborately made so far by different groups and chemical companies all around the world towards top three convincing anti-viral drugs against SARS-CoV-2 which are favipiravir, remdesivir and lopinavir.

scholarly journals Mildly Infected and Presumed Asymptomatic Carriers of SARS-CoV-2; Implications in Spread and Control of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (supplement) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raees Khan ◽  
Shumaila Naz ◽  
Fawad Muhammad ◽  
Syed Babar Jamal ◽  
Sumra Wajid Abbasi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Asymptomatic Carriers ◽  
Death Toll ◽  
The World ◽  
Asymptomatic Individuals ◽  
And Control ◽  
Active Investigation

The death toll and the total number of infected individuals due to the ongoing pandemic of SARS-CoV-2 infection have exceeded that of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) as the disease has raged around the world. So far the global efforts to tackle COVID-19 include the launch of Sputnik V vaccine by Russia, 42 vaccines presently undergoing clinical trials on humans and around 92 vaccines under preclinical active investigation in animals. Majority of the SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals have been reported to show mild symptoms whereas a considerable number show no symptoms at all. SARS-CoV-2 is believed to spread from infected individuals who are asymptomatic in addition to the symptomatic individuals. In this review we discussed how the mildly infected and asymptomatic individuals raise serious concerns and complicate the processes of screening, detection, quarantine, tracking and treatmentthatareinpracticetopreventthetransmissionofthe COVID-19.

COVID-19 infection: A review of summarized Clinical trials study for the treatment

Coronaviruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afzal Hussain ◽  
Ashfaq Hussain ◽  
Chandan Kumar Verma
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
Pharmaceutical Drugs ◽  
The World ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanate ◽  
Bevacizumab Injection

Background: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a widely infectious and pathogenic viral infection due to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that has arisen in Wuhan, China, and spread throughout the world. Coronavirus is indeed an enveloped RNA virus of the genus Betacoronavirus, which is transmitted to birds, humans as well as other mammals. The fastest human to human transition has been generally established. On July 19, 2020, WHO has been reported total confirmed cases: 1,40, 43,176, total confirmed new cases: 1,66,735, total deaths: 5,97,583, total new deaths: 4,496 globally. Material & Methods: In this review, the Clinical trial database is analyzed and systematically summarized drugs which are in the recruiting phase and the completion phase of the clinical trial. Results: Total 383 clinical trials are listed, involving more than 350 medicines such as Deferoxamine, Favipiravir, DAS181, Tocilizumab Injection, Sarilumab, Placebo, Sildenafil citrate tablets, Sargramostim, Lopinavir/ritonavir, Remdesivir, Bevacizumab, Tetrandrine, Fingolimod, Methylprednisolone, Plaquenil, Tocilizumab, Hydroxychloroquine, Abidol hydrochloride, Bevacizumab Injection, Methylprednisolone, Amoxicillin-clavulanate, Moxifloxacin, Sarilumab, Darunavir, and Cobicistat, etc. Conclusion: There is no commercially authorized antiviral treatment or vaccine suitable for use against COVID-19. However, Clinical trials represent an effective approach because they facilitate the development of new types of pharmaceutical drugs.

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