scholarly journals Montelukast and Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niusha Sharifinejad ◽  
Samin Sharafian ◽  
Sana Salekmoghadam ◽  
Marzieh Tavakol ◽  
Mostafa Qorbani
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Therapeutic Approach ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Antiviral Drug ◽  
Prophylactic Agent ◽  
Prophylactic Drug ◽  
The World

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging worldwide issue, that has affected a large number of people around the world. So far, many studies have aimed to develop a therapeutic approach against COVID-19. Montelukast (MK) is a safe asthma controller drug, which is considered as a potential antiviral drug for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This review has a systematic approach to investigate the reports on the use of MK as a part of treatment or a prophylactic agent in COVID-19. The search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases and yielded 35 studies containing the influence of MK on SARS-CoV-2. Ultimately, MK appears to be worth being used as an adjuvant therapeutic and prophylactic drug against SARS-CoV-2. Nevertheless, more clinical trials are required to accurately investigate its effectiveness.

scholarly journals Understanding the Molecular Mechanism(s) of SARS-CoV2 Infection and Propagation in Human to Discover Potential Preventive and Therapeutic Approach

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhruv Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Therapeutic Approach ◽  
Hubei Province ◽  
Human Cells ◽  
Huge Number ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

In December 2019, outbreak of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China and exported across the world leading to thousands of deaths and millions of suspected cases. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) infection into the host undergoes a huge number of complex replicative machineries which still remains unclear. Understanding the mechanism (s) of replication and mode of infection of SARS-CoV2 to human cells will help us in the development of novel vaccines or drugs for the eradication and prevention of the disease. This review compiles the knowledge of SARS-CoV2 replicative machinery, mode of infection to the human cells and the development of drugs and vaccines which are currently under clinical trials.

scholarly journals The LIFE CYCLE OF COVID-19 STAGES AND TREATMENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ripu Daman M. Singh ◽  
Nida Malim ◽  
Aves Raza Khan ◽  
Huda Khan ◽  
Nauman Khatib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Late Phase ◽  
Antiviral Drug ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Clinical Recovery ◽  
The World ◽  
Autoimmune Conditions ◽  
Viral Outbreak

The coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is a highly transmittable and pathogenic viral infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)bat viruses, therefore bats could be the possible primary reservoir , which emerged in Wuhan, China and spread around the world. The intermediate source of origin and transfer to humans is not known, however, the rapid human to human transfer has been confirmed widely. There is no clinically approved antiviral drug or vaccine available to be used against COVID-19. However, few broad-spectrum antiviral drugs have been evaluated against COVID-19 in clinical trials, resulted in clinical recovery. We also discuss the approaches for  therapeutic combinations to cope with this viral outbreak. Chloroquine has been sporadically used in treating SARS-CoV-2 infection. Hydroxychloroquine shares the same mechanism of action as chloroquine, but its more tolerable safety profile makes it the preferred drug to treat malaria and autoimmune conditions. We propose that the immunomodulatory effect of hydroxychloroquine also may be useful in controlling the cytokine storm that occurs late-phase in critically ill SARS-CoV-2 infected patients.

scholarly journals Understanding the Molecular Mechanism(s) of SARS-CoV2 Infection and Propagation in Human to Discover Potential Preventive and Therapeutic Approach

Coronaviruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sibi Raj ◽  
Vaishali Chandel ◽  
Brijesh Rathi ◽  
Dhruv Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Therapeutic Approach ◽  
Human Cells ◽  
Huge Number ◽  
The World

Exported across the world might create a serious controversy. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) infection into the host undergoes a huge number of complex replicative machineries which remains unclear. Understanding the mechanism (s) of replication and mode of infection of SARS-CoV2 to human cells will help us in the development of novel vaccines or drugs for the eradication and prevention of the disease. This review compiles the knowledge of SARS-CoV2 replicative machinery, mode of infection to the human cells and the development of drugs and vaccines which are currently under clinical trials.

scholarly journals Structure, transmission, diagnostic symptoms, host and entry mechanism of covid-19: A review

Coronaviruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prashant Swapnil ◽  
Mukesh Meena ◽  
Tansukh Barupal ◽  
Yashwant Sompura ◽  
Deepa Hada
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Antiviral Drug ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Clinical Recovery ◽  
Human Contact ◽  
The World ◽  
Diagnostic Symptoms ◽  
Viral Outbreak ◽  
Entry Mechanism

Abstract:: In Wuhan, China, a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been reported and caused coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). The infection of coronavirus is pathogenic and highly transmittable which spread quickly around the world by human to human contact. Through genomic analysis it has been revealed that primary reservoir of SARSCoV-2 are bats due to having severe acute respiratory syndrome-like (SARS-like) viruses phylogenetically. The viral infection rapidly transmitted by human to human contact but the intermediate source of their origin and transfer is not known. Till date, any clinically approved vaccine or antiviral drug is not prepared against COVID-19. However, researchers and scientist have been evaluated some broad-spectrum of antiviral drugs against COVID-19 through clinical trials and found satisfactory clinical recovery. This review summarise the comparative analysis of the emergence and pathogenicity of COVID-19, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). This review also focused to development of effective vaccines or antidrug and also focused on an approach to practice therapeutic combinations to fight with this viral outbreak.

scholarly journals Understanding the Molecular Mechanism(s) of SARS-CoV2 Infection and Propagation in Human to Discover Potential Preventive and Therapeutic Approach

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sibi Raj ◽  
Vaishali Chandel ◽  
Brijesh Rathi ◽  
Dhruv Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Therapeutic Approach ◽  
Hubei Province ◽  
Human Cells ◽  
Huge Number ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

In December 2019, outbreak of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China and exported across the world leading to thousands of deaths and millions of suspected cases. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) infection into the host undergoes a huge number of complex replicative machineries which still remains unclear. Understanding the mechanism (s) of replication and mode of infection of SARS-CoV2 to human cells will help us in the development of novel vaccines or drugs for the eradication and prevention of the disease. This review compiles the knowledge of SARS-CoV2 replicative machinery, mode of infection to the human cells and the development of drugs and vaccines which are currently under clinical trials.

scholarly journals Trapped Between Two Pandemics: Domestic Violence Cases Under COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown: A Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 0272684X2110221
Author(s):  
Endurance Uzobo ◽  
Aboluwaji D Ayinmoro
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Biomed Central ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
African Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government

Background As it is common with the most devastating events in the world, women always seem to be at the most disadvantage position. This situation manifested during the period of COVID-19 lockdown throughout the world and Africa in particular. The purpose of this study is to explore Domestic Violence (DV) cases in African during the COVID-19 lockdown. Methods Data for this study were gleaned from an electronic literature search using various databases PubMed and BioMed Central, Web of Science, etc. Key search words were gender DV during and after COVID-19. A total of 68 records were identified during the search. However, only 46 of these sources met the inclusion criteria. Results From the review done in selected African countries which include Egypt, South Africa, Kenya, Nigeria, Ghana and Zimbabwe; it was discovered that COVID-19 lockdown across these countries worsens the already existing cases of DV. The study also noted that generally, the response of the government has been very poor in terms of dealing with DV cases in the period of COVID-19 lockdown. Conclusion The study concluded that despite the failures of government in tackling the DV pandemics, NGOs have been very active in championing the cause of those violated while also trying to provide succour to victims. Thus, the study recommended that countries in Africa need to join international initiatives in prioritising DV cases while trying to deal with the virus itself. Thus, one disease should not be traded for another.

COVID-19: Are Experimental Drugs Cure or Ill?

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bensu Karahalil ◽  
Aylin Elkama
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Experimental Drugs ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
The World

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new strain of coronavirus. It is characterized by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It has quickly influenced all over the world since it spreads easily. Common symptoms are fever, cough, difficulty in breathing and muscle aches. Despite the urgent need to find an effective antiviral treatment, already available agents are being used alone or in combination all over the world. At the beginning of the pandemic, death rates of infection caused by COVID-19 are high but "is COVID-19 responsible for all deaths?", or “are there any contributions of the frequently used drugs in this period to these deaths?” Surely herd immunity plays a major role and has the contribution in the decline in mortality rates. Meanwhile, it is kept in mind that due to safety concerns, changes have also been made to the dosage and combined use of frequently used drugs. Objective: In this review, answers to two questions above and the safety of treatments, toxicities of agents involving chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, remdesivir, favipiravir, lopiravir/ritonavir, sarilumab, tocilizumab, siltuximab, corticosteroids and bromhexine which are the most frequently used in both Turkey and all over the world will be summarized. Conclusion: Among these drugs favipiravir seems the most promising drug due to more tolerable adverse effects. More clinical trials with large sample sizes are needed to find the most effective and safe drug for COVID-19 treatment.

scholarly journals Medicines for the Treatment Of COVID-19: Awaiting the Evidence

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 500
Author(s):  
Natalia Marto ◽  
Emília C. Monteiro
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Off Label Use ◽  
Promising Candidate ◽  
Off Label ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Investigational Drugs ◽  
The World ◽  
Repurposed Drugs

The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is the cause of Coronavirus Disease 2019, a new illness with no effective treatment or vaccine that has reached pandemic proportions. In this document, we analyze how health authorities and agencies around the world position themselves regarding the off-label use of repurposed drugs or new investigational drugs to treat Coronavirus Disease 2019. We review the most promising candidate medicines, including available evidence, clinical recommendations and current options for access. Our concluding remarks stress the importance of administering off-label and investigational drugs in the setting of clinical trials, or at least in standardized scenarios, to generate as much scientific knowledge as achievable while engaging in the best efforts to treat patients and save lives.

Remdesivir, A Potential Drug for COVID-19 Treatment: A New Hope

Coronaviruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuldeep Singh ◽  
Dilpreet Singh ◽  
Karan Razdan
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Rna Polymerase ◽  
Recovery Rate ◽  
Potential Drug ◽  
Regulatory Status ◽  
The World ◽  
Polymerase Inhibitor

Objective: Coronavirus Diease-2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic outbreak in the world and is the leading cause of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). Methods: Currently, many drugs/therapies have been tested for COVID-19 which responded sub optimally to the patients. Remdesivir is a RNA polymerase inhibitor found promising results in ongoing clinical trials and shows faster recovery rate in COVID-19 patients. Currently, USFDA approves for emergent use of this drug in severe COVID-19 patients. Results: In this review, we discussed brief overview of biopharmaceutical and pharmacological aspects of Remdesivir. Moreover, ongoing regulatory status of Remdesivir by official bodies has also been described.

Synthetic Attempts Towards Eminent Anti-Viral Candidates of SARS-CoV

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhradip Kundu ◽  
Debayan Sarkar
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Southern China ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Entire World ◽  
Chemical Companies ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Synthetic Approaches ◽  
First Time

: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) aka SARS-CoV spread over southern China for the first time in 2002-2003 and history repeated again since last year and take away more than two million people so far. On March 11, 2020 COVID-19 outbreak was officially declared as pandemic by World Health Organization (WHO). Entire world united to fight back against this ultimate destruction. Around 90 vaccines are featured against SARS-CoV-2 and more than 300 active clinical trials are underway by several groups and individuals. So far, no drugs are currently approved that completely eliminates the deadly corona virus. The promising SARS-CoV-2 anti-viral drugs are favipiravir, remdesivir, lopinavir, ribavirin and avifavir. In this review, we have discussed the synthetic approaches elaborately made so far by different groups and chemical companies all around the world towards top three convincing anti-viral drugs against SARS-CoV-2 which are favipiravir, remdesivir and lopinavir.

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