scholarly journals Colónias para homens novos: arqueologia da colonização agrária fascista no noroeste ibérico

2020 ◽  
pp. 2123-2134
Author(s):  
Xurxo Ayán ◽  
José Mª Señorán Martín
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Domestic Space ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
Contemporary Past

From a comparative approach, we propose in this communication an Archaeology of some of the agrarian colonies implanted in the northwest of the Iberian peninsula: Lamas (Paredes de Coura), the colonization project of the wastelands of Montalegre and Boticas (Barroso) and the Plan de Colónización de la Tierra Llana (Lugo, Galicia). Despite being an area that shares common characteristics (same climate, small landowners, marginality), the solutions adopted have generated different materialities. From the Archaeology of the Recent Past, recently developed in Portugal, we raised theoretical and methodological questions for the study of this type of contemporary domestic space. This research is carried out within the scope of the Archaeology of Contemporary Past and Heritage Socialization project, funded by FCT (CEECIND / 04218/2017).

The Relationship between Ethnoarchaeology and Archaeologies of the Contemporary Past

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn Fewster
Keyword(s):  
Recent Past ◽  
Major Overhaul ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Contemporary Past ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter explores the respective histories of both ethnoarchaeology and archaeologies of the contemporary past. On the surface the two subdisciplines appear to have much in common-they are both involved in studies of societies of the present and of the recent past. However, the methodologies that each employ in this goal, as a result of specific historical choices that practitioners of each subdiscipline made, are very different. Practitioners of archaeologies of the contemporary past generally use an archaeological methodology that was developed out of American ethnoarchaeology in the 1980s, while post-processual ethnoarchaeology in Britain undertook a major overhaul of these ideas. It is argued that archaeologies of the contemporary past could gain as much from an understanding of more recent developments in ethnoarchaeology with regard to methodology and ethics of representation, as they have from processual ethnoarchaeology.

scholarly journals The Traditional Forms of the “History of the Present” from Herodotus to Humanist Historians

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 165-182
Author(s):  
Gonzalo Pasamar
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Present Article ◽  
The Political ◽  
Contemporary History ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Truth ◽  
Contemporary Past

The present article revolves around the interest in contemporary history from ancient writers to humanist historians. Its objective, which forms part of a broader purpose devoted to elucidating the characteristics of the so-called History of the Present, is to examine the forms this interest has traditionally adopted. In this way, we put for consideration the following hypothesis: from classical historians onwards, concern with contemporary history was always considered a hard and inevitable task to be undertaken, since it affected rulers and living people. Nevertheless, the long-standing doctrine of history as memory of events for centuries prevented historians from facing paradoxes that interest in contemporary past implies, that is: how can historians confront the political uses, memories and demands of public opinion to deal with the recent past without jeopardizing historical truth?

scholarly journals Work as a means of convicted persons correction in prisons: current experience of foreign countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 202-208
Author(s):  
Tetyana Nikolaienko
Keyword(s):  
State Policy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Domestic Space ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Detention Centers ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Detention Facilities ◽  
Current Experience

The article is devoted to the analysis of the practice and scientists’ legal positions on the peculiarities of the sentences’ execution in the form of imprisonment in Germany, Norway, USA, France in terms of the effectiveness of achieving the goal of convicts’ correction through the prism of their employment. In the current conditions of reforming the penitentiary system of Ukraine, with the introduction of a pilot project to create paid chambers in pre-trial detention centers and large-scale sale of prisons, restructuring the infrastructure of pre-trial detention centers, conservation of detention facilities, the issue of convicts’ correction has been significantly minimized. It has been pointed out that within the framework of ensuring the rights of convicts, compliance with the conditions of their detention, the introduction of «penitentiary probation», the issues of creating more effective tools in order to motivate convicts to work for real correction and create an effective mechanism for their implementation remain still open. It has been suggested that for solving these issues it is expedient to use the comparative approach to study the current experience of countries that have proved their effectiveness in this field and achieved better results. An analysis of the effectiveness of the convicts’ correction in the frame of state policy implementation in this area in Germany, Norway, USA, France, showed that the issues, related to the executions organization, prisoners’ employment, the possibility of obtaining certain funds, ensuring proper health care is carried out within the so-called «import of services». The peculiarities of their activity have been outlined, the legal aspects of standardization have been determined and the possibilities of their use in the domestic space have been formulated. It has been proposed to consider the correction of a person as the purpose of punishment through the prism of its effectiveness in the context of the state policy of reforming the penitentiary system of Ukraine. It has been recommended: to introduce the involvement of the private sector in the executions organization in the form of imprisonment; to regulate the order of its activity, particularly the companies that will be involved in it; to determine the procedure for convicts’ employment with work types standardization that will contribute to their correction and the real possibility of remuneration in accordance with current legislation; to provide opportunities for convicts to study and improve their skills in case of involvement in various types of work; to eliminate any deductions from the convicts’ earnings, except those provided by a court decision; to specify for the daily detention of convicts in case of their employment impossibility; to establish control over the companies activities that will be involved in the sentences execution organization.

Field Methods

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodney Harrison ◽  
John Schofield
Keyword(s):  
Site Formation ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
Field Methods ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Contemporary Past ◽  
The Way

In Chapter 1 we suggested that the archaeology of the contemporary past is a critical inquiry into the present using archaeological approaches originally developed to look at the past. But how, precisely, does one undertake an archaeological study of the contemporary past, and what do practitioners more familiar with earlier periods bring with them to this particular type of archaeological enquiry? Is this archaeology of the very recent past so different to that of earlier periods? Is it simply a matter of transferring skills from more familiar grounds of the deeper past? We suggest that to large extent it is, though recognizing at least one key difference: the degree to which our diverse cultural backgrounds and life experiences will influence the way we think about and interpret material remains that often seem closely familiar. In this chapter we look particularly at the ways in which an archaeology of the contemporary past is informed by oral accounts and living memories, and at approaches to recording and analysing complex and multi-layered contemporary landscapes in which the past is manifest as an integral part of the present. Following the work of Michael Schiffer (1987), most archaeologists are used to thinking about the archaeological record as the cumulative product of both cultural and natural forces over the full course of human existence, from the Lower Palaeolithic until the moment just passed. But there are obvious differences with the way human behaviour is constructed and transformed into an archaeological record. When considering the archaeology of the contemporary past, for example, many of the natural processes that lead to the decay and deterioration of traditional archaeological sites are not present. And in many ways, the cultural site formation processes are more varied, resulting in archaeological sites of the recent past being either extremely well or very poorly preserved. Comparatively few modern buildings simply deteriorate for example, the more likely outcome being a decision to renovate, modernize, upgrade, or demolish and replace. Those buildings and places that are just abandoned to their fate are interesting because they are often adopted for truly alternative uses, sometimes becoming the characteristic places of those at the margins of contemporary society, as squats for example, or places for play, or where drugs are taken and alcohol consumed.

Surface assemblages. Towards an archaeology in and of the present

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodney Harrison
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
Material World ◽  
The Past ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Surface Survey ◽  
The One ◽  
Contemporary Past

AbstractThis paper explores a central paradox in the aims of the archaeology of the contemporary past as they have been articulated by its practitioners. On the one hand, its aim has been expressed as one of making the familiar ‘unfamiliar’, of distancing the observer from their own material world; a work of alienation. On the other hand, it has also aimed to make the past more accessible and egalitarian; to recover lost, subaltern voices and in this way to close the distance between past and present. I suggest that this paradox has stymied its development and promoted a culture of self-justification for a subfield which has already become well established within archaeology over the course of three decades. I argue that this paradox arises from archaeology's relationship with modernity and the past itself, as a result of its investment in the modernist trope of archaeology-as-excavation and the idea of a past which is buried and hidden. One way of overcoming this paradox would be to emphasize an alternative trope of archaeology-as-surface-survey and a process of assembling/reassembling, and indeed to shift away from the idea of an ‘archaeology of the contemporary past’ to speak instead of an archaeology ‘in and of the present’. This would reorient archaeology so that it is seen primarily as a creative engagement with the present and only subsequently as a consideration of the intervention of traces of the past within it. It is only by doing this that archaeology will develop into a discipline which can successfully address itself to the present and future concerns of contemporary societies. Such a move not only has implications for archaeologies of the present and recent past, but concerns the very nature and practice of archaeology as a discipline in its broadest sense in the 21st century.

scholarly journals Assessing Future Drought Conditions over the Iberian Peninsula: The Impact of Using Different Periods to Compute the SPEI

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 980
Author(s):  
Matilde García-Valdecasas Ojeda ◽  
Emilio Romero-Jiménez ◽  
Juan José Rosa-Cánovas ◽  
Patricio Yeste ◽  
Yolanda Castro-Díez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Probability Distributions ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
Distant Future ◽  
Drought Characteristics ◽  
Drought Hazard ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Near Future

Future drought-hazard assessments using standardized indices depend on the period used to calibrate the probability distributions. This appears to be particularly important in a changing climate with significant trends in drought-related variables. This study explores the effect of using different approaches to project droughts, with a focus on changes in drought characteristics (frequency, duration, time spent in drought, and spatial extent), estimated with a calibration period covering recent past and future conditions (self-calibrated indices), and another one that only applies recent-past records (relative indices). The analysis focused on the Iberian Peninsula (IP), a hot-spot region where climate projections indicate significant changes by the end of this century. To do this, a EURO-CORDEX multi-model ensemble under RCP8.5 was used to calculate the Standardized Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) at both 3- and 12-month timescales. The results suggest that projections of drought characteristics strongly depend on the period used to calibrate the SPEI, particularly at a 12-month timescale. Overall, differences were larger for the near future when relative indices indicated more severe droughts. For the distant future, changes were more similar, although self-calibrated indices revealed more frequent and longer-lasting droughts and the relative ones a drought worsening associated with extremely prolonged drought events.

Lectin-Induced RBC Agglutination: Chemical vs. Cryofixation

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 664-665
Author(s):  
Dean A. Handley ◽  
Lanping A. Sung ◽  
Shu Chien
Keyword(s):  
Lectin Binding ◽  
Freeze Substitution ◽  
Electrostatic Charge ◽  
Geometric Parameters ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Chemical Fixation ◽  
Cell Surfaces ◽  
Minimal Cell ◽  
Membrane Stiffness ◽  
Cell Contour

RBC agglutination by lectins represents an interactive balance between the attractive (bridging) force due to lectin binding on cell surfaces and disaggregating forces, such as membrane stiffness and electrostatic charge repulsion (1). During agglutination, critical geometric parameters of cell contour and intercellular distance reflect the magnitude of these interactive forces and the size of the bridging macromolecule (2). Valid ultrastructural measurements of these geometric parameters from agglutinated RBC's require preservation with minimal cell distortion. As chemical fixation may adversely influence RBC geometric properties (3), we used chemical fixation and cryofixation (rapid freezing followed by freeze-substitution) as a comparative approach to examine these parameters from RBC agglutinated with Ulex I lectin.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document