Studies in Spatial Aural Perception: Establishing Foundations for Immersive Sonification

The Spatial Audio Data Immersive Experience (SADIE) project aims to identify new foundational relationships pertaining to hu-man spatial aural perception, and to validate existing relation-ships. Our infrastructure consists of an intuitive interaction in-terface, an immersive exocentric soniﬁcation environment, and a layer-based amplitude-panning algorithm. Here we highlight the system’s unique capabilities and provide ﬁndings from an initial externally funded study that focuses on the assessment of human aural spatial perception capacity. When compared to the existing body of literature focusing on egocentric spatial perception, our data show that an immersive exocentric environment enhances spatial perception, and that the physical implementation using high density loudspeaker arrays enables signiﬁcantly improved spatial perception accuracy relative to the egocentric and virtual binaural approaches. The preliminary observations suggest that human spatial aural perception capacity in real-world-like immersive exocentric environments that allow for head and body movement is significantly greater than in egocentric scenarios where head and body movement is restricted. Therefore, in the design of immersive auditory displays, the use of immersive exocentric environments is advised. Further, our data identify a signiﬁcant gap between physical and virtual human spatial aural perception accuracy, which suggests that further development of virtual aural immersion may be necessary before such an approach may be seen as a viable alternative.

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Creating Multiple Spatial Settings with “Granular Spatialisation” in the High-Density Loudspeaker Array of the Cube Concert Hall

Computer Music Journal ◽

10.1162/comj_a_00384 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 40 (4) ◽

pp. 79-90

Author(s):

Javier Alejandro Garavaglia

Keyword(s):

Electroacoustic Music ◽

Virginia Polytechnic Institute ◽

High Density ◽

Polytechnic Institute ◽

Large Array ◽

State University ◽

Spatial Audio ◽

Concert Hall

This article offers an alternative for spatializing electroacoustic music using high-density loudspeaker arrays (HDLAs). It describes and contextualizes experimentation with the large array of speakers of the Cube concert hall made during the Spatial Audio Workshop residency at the Moss Arts Center, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in August 2015. The experiments were performed using the implementation of “Granular Spatialisation” (GS), a technique developed by the author for sound diffusion in HDLAs. This is based on the projection of sound using spatial grains of “microdurations,” with ideally one grain individually addressing each speaker of the array. The article focuses on particular aspects of, challenges from, and strategies for using GS for the projection of sound with the Cube's array of 138 loudspeakers, including four independent subwoofers, while composing a new acousmatic piece that was diffused in the Cube at the end of the residency.

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Hybrid argumentation systems for structured news reports

The Knowledge Engineering Review ◽

10.1017/s0269888901000285 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 295-329 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

ANTHONY HUNTER

Keyword(s):

Knowledge Management ◽

Decision Support ◽

Hybrid Systems ◽

Real World ◽

Hybrid Approach ◽

Graphical Notation ◽

The Real ◽

News Reports ◽

Further Development ◽

Argumentation Systems

Numerous argumentation systems have been proposed in the literature. Yet there often appears to be a shortfall between proposed systems and possible applications. In other words, there seems to be a need for further development of proposals for argumentation systems before they can be used widely in decision-support or knowledge management. I believe that this shortfall can be bridged by taking a hybrid approach. Whilst formal foundations are vital, systems that incorporate some of the practical ideas found in some of the informal approaches may make the resulting hybrid systems more useful. In informal approaches, there is often an emphasis on using graphical notation with symbols that relate more closely to the real-world concepts to be modelled. There may also be the incorporation of an argument ontology oriented to the user domain. Furthermore, in informal approaches there can be greater consideration of how users interact with the models, such as allowing users to edit arguments and to weight influences on graphs representing arguments. In this paper, I discuss some of the features of argumentation, review some key formal argumentation systems, identify some of the strengths and weaknesses of these formal proposals and finally consider some ways to develop formal proposals to give hybrid argumentation systems. To focus my discussions, I will consider some applications, in particular an application in analysing structured news reports.

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Simultaneous orthogonal bipole mapping compared to conventional electrode configurations and impact on ablation strategies: results from a real world observational study

EP Europace ◽

10.1093/europace/euab116.061 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 (Supplement_3) ◽

Author(s):

L Fiedler ◽

F Roithinger ◽

I Roca ◽

F Lorgat ◽

A Roux ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Catheter Ablation ◽

Observational Study ◽

Real World ◽

Low Voltage ◽

High Density ◽

Electrode Configuration ◽

Density Mapping ◽

Substrate Identification ◽

Myocardial Substrate ◽

Vt Ablation

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Private company. Main funding source(s): Abbott Background 3D mapping systems are pivotal to identify low voltage areas and to define ablation strategies. In this context, high-density multipolar mapping catheters with varying electrode configurations are used for accurate myocardial substrate definition. High density mapping using a grid shaped catheter allows for use of simultaneous analysis of adjacent orthogonal bipolar signals that may assist in more accurate substrate characterization and ablation strategy decisions. Purpose This was a prospective, multicenter observational study to characterize the utility of electroanatomical mapping with a high density grid-style mapping catheter (HD Grid) in subjects undergoing catheter ablation for persistent atrial fibrillation (PersAF) or ventricular tachycardia (VT) in real-world clinical settings. Methods Mapping was performed with the HD Grid catheter to generate high-density maps of cardiac chambers in order to assess the potential influence of the simultaneous orthogonal bipole configuration on PersAF and VT ablation strategies. Differences in substrate identification between simultaneous orthogonal bipole configuration and standard along-the-spline electrode configuration, and potential effects on ablation strategies were investigated. Results During the study period (January 2019 through April 2020), 367 subjects underwent catheter ablation for PersAF (N = 333, average age 64.1yr, 75% male) or VT (N = 34, average age = 64.3yr, 85.3% male). In total, 494 maps were generated to treat patients undergoing PersAF ablation and 57 to treat patients undergoing VT ablation. Compared to standard along-the-spline configuration, mapping with the simultaneous orthogonal bipole configuration showed differences in 57.8% (178/308) of maps generated, with the greatest difference noticed in surface area of low voltage (62.9%) and location of low voltage (55.6%). In comparisons performed live during the procedure (n = 50), simultaneous orthogonal bipole configuration assisted in identification of ablation targets in 70.0% of cases, changing the ablation strategy compared to that identified with along-the-spline configuration in 34.3%. In comparisons performed retrospectively after the procedure (n = 258), the ablation strategy identified with simultaneous orthogonal bipole configuration differed from along-the-spline configuration in 21.7% of maps. Even compared to a higher-density electrode configuration using all-bipoles rather than along-the-spline bipoles, simultaneous orthogonal bipole configuration identified differences in 57.1% of maps. Conclusion The HD grid catheter combined with simultaneous orthogonal bipole configuration can define myocardial substrate more accurately compared to standard along-the-spline configuration. The difference in substrate identification has potential impact on ablation strategy. Further clinical trials are needed to elucidate the role of orthogonal bipole configuration mapping and improved ablation success rates.

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Advantages and Obstacles of Applying Physiological Computing in Real World: Lessons Learned from Simulator Based Maritime Training

10.3940/rina.ijme.2017.a2.404 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol Vol 159 (A2) ◽

Author(s):

Y Wu ◽

T Miwa ◽

M Uchida

Keyword(s):

Real World ◽

Body Movement ◽

Heart Beat ◽

Lessons Learned ◽

Model Verification ◽

Working Environment ◽

The Real ◽

Usability Tests ◽

Movement Artefact ◽

Laboratory Technology

While simulator based maritime training is widely implemented under international maritime organization (IMO) convention and model courses, troublesome issues such as objective evaluation of training effectiveness remain unsolved. Physiological computing system (PhyCS) refers to an innovative bidirectional human computer interaction which is achieved by monitoring, analysing, and responding to operators’ psychophysiological activities in real-time. With the development of wearable devices, it becomes promising to apply PhyCS, which was considered as a laboratory technology, in real-world scenarios. In our experience utilizing view tracker, portable heart beat sensor, electroencephalogram device, and web-cameras in simulator based maritime training, PhyCS shows potential for advanced applications in operator performance assessment, usability tests, and adaptive training. However, ambulatory working environment, body movement artefact, and model verification are intricate obstacles that constrain its applications in the real world. By examining the advantages and obstacles, this paper aims to develop guidelines to apply PhyCS in the real-world.

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Receivables Financing in Lithuania: Is the Legal Regulation Suited to Accommodate the Practical Needs of Industry?

Review of Central and East European Law ◽

10.1163/157303509x406340 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

pp. 255-285

Author(s):

Lina Aleknaitė

Keyword(s):

Legal Regulation ◽

Civil Code ◽

Viable Alternative ◽

Practical Application ◽

Legal Provisions ◽

Security Interest ◽

Present Structure ◽

Further Development

AbstractThis article examines the provisions of the 2000 Lithuanian Civil Code regarding the use of receivables for the purpose of raising finance. It starts by discussing the mechanism that the Code provides for the transfer of receivables—i.e., cession. Also, limitations on cession without debtor approval and the extent of rights that can be ceded are noted. The author then turns to the two main techniques of using receivables for financing. First, she examines the legal provisions on factoring and their practical application, as well as the structure of the industry. She presents some observations on the present structure of the industry, which precludes smaller companies from entering the market. Thereafter, she focuses on the possibilities under the Code of creating a security interest in receivables. Here, she reveals that the mechanism, although it does exist, is not a viable alternative to factoring, as it imposes additional burdens upon economic actors. Finally, the author presents her suggestions to the Lithuanian legislator, specifying the amendments that she believes should be made to the Code in order to encourage wider use of receivables financing in different ways (both by selling and by creating a security interest in receivables), as well as the further development of the industry.

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Economics of Alliances: The Lessons for Collective Action

Journal of Economic Literature ◽

10.1257/jel.39.3.869 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 39 (3) ◽

pp. 869-896 ◽

Cited By ~ 165

Author(s):

Todd Sandler ◽

Keith Hartley

Keyword(s):

Collective Action ◽

Public Good ◽

Real World ◽

Pivotal Role ◽

Burden Sharing ◽

Empirical Knowledge ◽

Wide Range ◽

Real World Applications ◽

Further Development

This essay provides an up-to-date summary of the findings of the literature on the economics of alliances. We show that the study of the economics of alliances has played a pivotal role in understanding and applying public good analysis to real-world applications. We establish that the manner in which alliances address burden sharing and allocative issues is related to strategic doctrines, weapon technology, perceived threats, and membership composition. Past contributions are evaluated, and areas needing further development are identified. The theoretical and empirical knowledge gained from the study of alliances is shown to be directly applicable to a wide range of international collectives.

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Auditory Displays to Facilitate Object Targeting in 3D Space

Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Auditory Display (ICAD 2019) ◽

10.21785/icad2019.008 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Keenan R. May ◽

Briana Sobel ◽

Jeff Wilson ◽

Bruce N. Walker

Keyword(s):

Sound Source ◽

Auditory Display ◽

Spatial Audio ◽

Auditory Displays ◽

Subjective Workload ◽

3D Space ◽

Display Technology ◽

Limited Visibility

In both extreme and everyday situations, humans need to find nearby objects that cannot be located visually. In such situations, auditory display technology could be used to display information supporting object targeting. Unfortunately, spatial audio inadequately conveys sound source elevation, which is crucial for locating objects in 3D space. To address this, three auditory display concepts were developed and evaluated in the context of finding objects within a virtual room, in either low or no visibility conditions: (1) a one-time height-denoting “area cue,” (2) ongoing “proximity feedback,” or (3) both. All three led to improvements in performance and subjective workload compared to no sound. Displays (2) and (3) led to the largest improvements. This pattern was smaller, but still present, when visibility was low, compared to no visibility. These results indicate that persons who need to locate nearby objects in limited visibility conditions could benefit from the types of auditory displays considered here.

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Digital Arenas: The regulatory framework and other relevant issues on eSports online betting

Homo Virtualis ◽

10.12681/homvir.27340 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 10

Author(s):

Stylianos Sykas

Keyword(s):

Real World ◽

Technological Development ◽

Regulatory Action ◽

Digital Environment ◽

High Importance ◽

Commercial World ◽

Legal Nature ◽

Online Betting ◽

User Friendly ◽

Further Development

The contribution of technological development, in an essential and user-friendly way, to the transition of many aspects of the real world to the digital environment, is constantly creating new habits and new fields of activity. This transition, without any shadow of doubt, leads to new and unknown realities, which, apart from the interest they present, they call for thorough investigation and further regulation, where it is needed. The cases of eSports and online gaming, although not new to the user of the digital age, are of high importance to the investment and commercial world, in terms of their further development and exploitation. In this context, although online betting in eSports has been introduced to the Greek market a few years ago, it is unlikely to be developed according to its dynamics, since issues of legal nature are not settled yet. In order to ensure a secure landscape for eSports online betting, the necessity for transparency and integrity and their protection through regulatory action becomes imperative.

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