scholarly journals Identification of Drought Tolerant Mutant Lines of TEF [ERAGROSTIS TEF (ZUCC.) TROTTER]

Afrika Focus ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Regula Blösch ◽  
Abiel Rindisbacher ◽  
Sonia Plaza-Wüthrich ◽  
Nora Röckel ◽  
Annett Weichert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Eragrostis Tef ◽  
Food Crop ◽  
Methane Sulfonate ◽  
Terminal Drought ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Late Developmental Stage ◽  
Tolerant Mutant ◽  
Mutant Lines ◽  
Orphan Crop

Introduction: Tef [Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter] is the major food crop in Ethiopia where it is annually cultivated on about 30% of the total area allocated to cereals. The productivity of tef is, however, significantly reduced by drought which can occur at either the early or the late developmental stage of the crop. Methodology: A total of 10,000 EMS (ethyl methane sulfonate) mutagenized M2 tef populations were screened first for early and second for terminal drought tolerance. The performance of candidate lines was investigated using diverse agronomical and physiological parameters. Results and discussion: Several promising lines were obtained for both early and terminal drought tolerance. Among these, genotypes with outstanding performance were found for two drought tolerant tef lines targeting early drought tolerance (dtt2 and dtt13) and three terminal drought tolerant lines targeting terminal drought tolerance (tdt9, tdt15 and tdt19). Conclusions: Candidate lines for both early and terminal drought tolerance will play vital roles in deve- loping drought tolerance in tef improvement. KEY WORDS: DROUGHT TOLERANCE, ERAGROSTIS TEF, ORPHAN CROP, MOISTURE SCARCITY, TEF

scholarly journals Identification of Drought Tolerant Mutant Lines of Tef [Eragrostis Tef (Zucc.) Trotter]

Afrika Focus ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-38
Author(s):  
Regula Blösch ◽  
Abiel Rindisbacher ◽  
Sonia Plaza-Wüthrich ◽  
Nora Röckel ◽  
Annett Weichert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Eragrostis Tef ◽  
Food Crop ◽  
Methane Sulfonate ◽  
Ethyl Methane ◽  
Terminal Drought ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Late Developmental Stage ◽  
Tolerant Mutant ◽  
Mutant Lines

Introduction: Tef [Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter] is the major food crop in Ethiopia where it is annually cultivated on about 30% of the total area allocated to cereals. The productivity of tef is, however, significantly reduced by drought which can occur at either the early or the late developmental stage of the crop. Methodology: A total of 10,000 EMS (ethyl methane sulfonate) mutagenized M2 tef populations were screened first for early and second for terminal drought tolerance. The performance of candidate lines was investigated using diverse agronomical and physiological parameters. Results and discussion: Several promising lines were obtained for both early and terminal drought tolerance. Among these, genotypes with outstanding performance were found for two drought tolerant tef lines targeting early drought tolerance (dtt2 and dtt13) and three terminal drought tolerant lines targeting terminal drought tolerance (tdt9, tdt15 and tdt19). Conclusions: Candidate lines for both early and terminal drought tolerance will play vital roles in developing drought tolerance in tef improvement.

Groundnut mutants with end-of-season drought tolerance for the marginal dry lands of North Kordofan State, Sudan.

2021 ◽  
pp. 243-257
Author(s):  
Elgailani Abdalla ◽  
Tarig Ahmed ◽  
Omar Bakhit ◽  
Yasir Gamar ◽  
Salih Elshaikh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Mutation Induction ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Drought Period ◽  
Dry Lands ◽  
Terminal Drought ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Terminal Drought Stress

Abstract Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.), produced in the traditional small-scale rainfed sector of Western Sudan, accounts for 80% of the total annual groundnut acreage, producing 70% of the total production. Low productivity of groundnut is a characteristic feature in North Kordofan State, which is characterized as the most vulnerable state to the impact of climate change. Terminal drought stress resulting from reduction in rainfall amount and distribution at the end of the season is the most deleterious drought period, as it coincides with groundnut pod filling and maturation periods. High and stable yields under subsistence farming conditions in North Kordofan State could be realized only by using adapted high-yielding, drought-tolerant genotypes. Mutation induction by gamma-rays of 200 and 300 Gy was utilized to irradiate 500 dry seeds of the Spanish-type groundnut genotypes, Barberton, Sodari, ICGV 89104, ICGV 86743, ICGV 86744 and ICG 221, aiming at increasing the chances of obtaining genotypes with the desired drought-tolerant traits. Mutants were selected from the M3 plants using visual morphological traits. Groundnut mutants at the M4 and M5 generations, advanced by single seed descent, were evaluated for end-of-season drought tolerance. A terminal drought period of 25 days was imposed after 60 days from planting, using a rainout shelter. Mutants that survived 25 days of terminal drought stress were further evaluated for agronomic performance under rainfed field conditions. The groundnut mutant, Barberton-b-30-3-B, produced 1024 kg/ha, a significantly higher mean pod yield over 12 seasons compared with 926 kg/ha for 'Gubeish', the widely grown released check cultivar, showing overall yield advantage of 11%. Under 5 years of participatory research, Barberton-b-30-3-B was ranked the best with yield increment of 21% over 'Gubeish' under the mother trials. The GGE biplot analysis for 12 and five seasons, respectively, showed that Barberton-b-30-3-B was stable and produced a good yield in both high and low rainfall situations. Hence, Barberton-b-30-3-B was found to be a suitable mutant for sustainable profitable yields in the marginal dry lands of North Kordofan State and was officially released as 'Tafra-1' by the National Variety Release Committee during its second meeting of April 2018.

scholarly journals Emerging Molecular Strategies for Improving Rice Drought Tolerance

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jitender Giri ◽  
Swarup K. Parida ◽  
Saurabh Raghuvanshi ◽  
Akhilesh K. Tyagi
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Protein Modification ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Drought Response ◽  
Food Crop ◽  
High Demand ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
The World ◽  
Use Efficiency

Abstract:: Rice occupies a pre-eminent position as a food crop in the world. Its production, however, entails up to 3000 liters of water per kilogram of grain produced. Such high demand makes rice prone to drought easily. Sustainable rice cultivation with limited water resources requires the deployment of a suitable strategy for better water use efficiency and improved drought tolerance. Several drought-related genes have been evaluated in rice for their mode of action in conferring drought tolerance. Manipulation of components of abscisic acid signal transduction, stomatal density, deposition of cuticular wax, and protein modification pathways are emerging as priority targets. Gene reprogramming by microRNAs is also being explored to achieve drought tolerance. Genetically dissected Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs) and their constituent genes are being deployed to develop drought-tolerant rice varieties. Progressive research and challenges include a better understanding of crucial components of drought response and search for new targets, along with the deployment of improved varieties in the field.

scholarly journals Strengthening the Practical Application of Experiments Assessing Maize Drought Tolerance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qinbin Zhang ◽  
Wei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Food Crop ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Corn Production ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Abiotic Stressors ◽  
Food Crop Production

Drought is among the most important abiotic stressors influencing food-crop production worldwide. Currently, drought-tolerant maize materials are rarely used for actual breeding because corn production primarily focuses on heterosis to generate desired varieties. In this article, we reviewed current work on assessing maize drought tolerance. We suggested that the development of enhanced screening techniques must clearly consider the connection between theory and application. We strongly recommend that agricultural scientists focus on translating the results of laboratory experiments into practical methods for improving crop productivity.

scholarly journals Field performance of heat tolerant mutant rice lines generated from Oryza sativa and Oryza glaberrima

2021 ◽  
pp. 69-78
Author(s):  
Paul Mbogo Kusolwa ◽  
Yona Neema ◽  
Masanche Rajab ◽  
Ashura, Luzi- Kihupi ◽  
Fatma Sarsu
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Oryza Glaberrima ◽  
Spikelet Sterility ◽  
Variable Expression ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Tolerant Mutant ◽  
Mutant Lines

This study evaluated mutant lines developed from two cultivated species of upland rice, Oryza sativa, and Oryza glaberrima, in field experiments conducted during the hot and dry seasons of 2014/2015 in Morogoro, Tanzania. The growth yield and yield components of 34 and 14 Gamma induced mutant upland rice lines developed from O. sativa (Kihogo red) and O. glaberrima were evaluated, respectively. The mutant lines were selected based on variable expression of heat shock protein genes (HSPs) in previously conducted heat tolerance studies. The minimum and maximum temperatures and rainfall during the field performance experiment were measured between 20 oC and 35 oC, and 32.7 mm and 155.5 mm, respectively. The data for 12 yield and yield component parameters such as days to early and 50% flowering, days to physical maturity, plant height, number of tillers, number of panicles, spikelets, filled grains, unfilled grains and 1,000 grain weights were collected and analysed using ANOVA and Principal Component Analysis. Significant differences (P≤0.05) were obtained among the mutant lines in terms of grain yield, spikelet sterility and other variables, which were further used as criteria for selection of heat and drought tolerant rice lines. Eight heat and drought tolerant mutant rice lines with high yields (over 3.5 ton/ha) and low spikelet sterility were selected for further advancement in breeding programmes

scholarly journals Morphological and molecular characterization of some NERICA mutant lines under drought condition

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
MN Hasan ◽  
MJH Bhuiyan ◽  
SN Begum ◽  
SA Raffi ◽  
S Razia
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Material ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Drought Condition ◽  
Upgma Dendrogram ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Tolerant Mutant ◽  
Mutant Lines

To ensure the productivity of rice in drought condition, ‘NERICA’ varieties of African origin has been introduced in Bangladesh and subsequently mutant lines are also developed for improving the performance further. The present study was undertaken to screen out better drought tolerant mutant lines of NERICA having other desirable traits. Thirteen NARICA mutant lines, four susceptible (BINA dhan8, BINA dhan10, BINA dhan11 and BINA dhan12) and one tolerant (BRRI dhan56) varieties were included in the experiment and selection was based on morphological and molecular characteristics. The plants were grown in pot containing 9 kg of soil and when they were 60 days old, drought was imposed by adding 1L of distilled water at every four days interval till harvesting. The quantity of water applied to control pots was double. The results showed that important yield contributing morphological attributes like days of 50% flowering, plant height, total number of tiller hill-1, panicle length, 100 seed weight, fresh weight of plant and dry weight of plant were significantly positively regulated due to drought in N10/300/P-2(1)-3-5, N1/250/P-6-2-7 and N10/300/P-2(1)-6-13 mutant lines. The findings of genetic diversity analysis through SSR markers RM32, RM202, RM351 and RM510 for N10/300/P-2(1)-3-5, N1/350/P-2-2-6 and N1/250/P-6-2-7 lines appeared to resemble to that of control (BRRI dhan56) from the UPGMA dendrogram. Based on morphological, molecular characteristics and UPGMA dendrogram study, mutant lines N10/300/P-2(1)-3-5 and N1/250/P-6-2-7 lines appeared superior as genetic material for developing better drought tolerant rice varieties.Progressive Agriculture 26:15-21, 2015

Selection of drought-tolerant tef (Eragrostis tef) genotypes using drought tolerance indices

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 291-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mizan Tesfay Abraha ◽  
Hussein A Shimelis ◽  
Mark D Laing ◽  
Kebebew Assefa
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Eragrostis Tef ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Drought Tolerance Indices ◽  
Tolerance Indices ◽  
Selection Of

Evaluation of drought tolerance and screening for drought-tolerant indicators in sweetpotato cultivars

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai-Yan ZHANG ◽  
Bei-Tao XIE ◽  
Bao-Qing WANG ◽  
Shun-Xu DONG ◽  
Wen-Xue DUAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Drought Tolerant

scholarly journals Improving Drought Tolerance in Mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek): Morpho-Physiological, Biochemical and Molecular Perspectives

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1534
Author(s):  
Chandra Mohan Singh ◽  
Poornima Singh ◽  
Chandrakant Tiwari ◽  
Shalini Purwar ◽  
Mukul Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
The Impact

Drought stress is considered a severe threat to crop production. It adversely affects the morpho-physiological, biochemical and molecular functions of the plants, especially in short duration crops like mungbean. In the past few decades, significant progress has been made towards enhancing climate resilience in legumes through classical and next-generation breeding coupled with omics approaches. Various defence mechanisms have been reported as key players in crop adaptation to drought stress. Many researchers have identified potential donors, QTLs/genes and candidate genes associated to drought tolerance-related traits. However, cloning and exploitation of these loci/gene(s) in breeding programmes are still limited. To bridge the gap between theoretical research and practical breeding, we need to reveal the omics-assisted genetic variations associated with drought tolerance in mungbean to tackle this stress. Furthermore, the use of wild relatives in breeding programmes for drought tolerance is also limited and needs to be focused. Even after six years of decoding the whole genome sequence of mungbean, the genome-wide characterization and expression of various gene families and transcriptional factors are still lacking. Due to the complex nature of drought tolerance, it also requires integrating high throughput multi-omics approaches to increase breeding efficiency and genomic selection for rapid genetic gains to develop drought-tolerant mungbean cultivars. This review highlights the impact of drought stress on mungbean and mitigation strategies for breeding high-yielding drought-tolerant mungbean varieties through classical and modern omics technologies.

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