Van euro naar uitbreiding : de Europese Unie in 2002

Res Publica ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 45 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 349-378
Author(s):  
Bart Kerremans ◽  
Edith Drieskens
Keyword(s):  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eastern Enlargement ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
To Come ◽  
The One ◽  
Institutional Foundations ◽  
European Family

The European Union stepped into the year 2002 with mixedfeelings. On the one hand, the anthraxcrisis and the war in Afghanistan remembered of the terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001. On the other hand, the introduction of the euro notes and coins created a EU-wide feeling of euphoria. In the following twelve months, EU activity was mainly dominated by the impeding eastern enlargement. Moreover, in 2002, the institutional foundations were laid ofwhat will turn out to be one of the mostfundamental transformations ofthe European construction in EU history. As most of these activities will be settled in the years to come, asfor 2002, especially the starting point - the introduction of the euro coins and notes -and the end point- the decision ofthe Copenhagen European Council to welcome Cyprus, Estonza, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovenia, the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic in 2004 into the European family - will remain printed in the European memory.

scholarly journals Migration and access to health care in English medical law: a rhetorical critique

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 315-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Harrington
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Access To Health Care ◽  
Medical Law ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Persuasive Strategies ◽  
Access To Health ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Uk

This paper develops a rhetorical critique of recent cases on migration and access to health care in Britain. It argues that the national territory, once a taken-for-granted starting point for reasoning in medical law, has lost its common-sense status as a result of neoliberal globalisation. This is evident in recent decisions involving on the one hand HIV-positive asylum seekers coming to the UK and on the other hand British ‘health tourists’ seeking funding for treatment elsewhere in the European Union. Courts are aware that many of these cases are likely to call forth the sympathy of audiences for the individual concerned, further undermining their privileging of the national scale. In curbing this ‘politics of pity’ they adopt a range of persuasive strategies.

What is the Influence of the Global Economic Crisis on the Development of the Wage Distribution of Czechs and Slovaks?

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-155
Author(s):  
Diana Bílková
Keyword(s):  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Wage Distribution ◽  
Wage Level ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
International Context ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Wage Distributions ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One

This paper deals with the development of wage distribution by gender in the Czech and Slovak Republics in the years 2005–2012. Special attention is given to the changing in the behavior of the wage distribution in relation to the onset of the global economic recession. The different behavior of the wage distribution of Czech and Slovak employees during the period is the subject of research. The article discusses the differences in wage level between men and women in the Czech and Slovak Republics. There are the total wage distributions of men and women together, both in the Czech Republic and in the Slovak Republic on the one hand, and wage distributions according to the gender separately for men and for women on the other hand. Comparison of wage levels in the world and the position of wages of the Czech employees in the international context is included, too.

THE WORK – LIFE BALANCE IN THE EUROPEAN UNION WITH FOCUS ON PARENTAL AND PATERNITY LEAVE

2021 ◽  
pp. 88-103
Author(s):  
Zuzana Horváthová ◽  
Iva Fischerová ◽  
Josef Abrahám
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Social Policy ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Work Life ◽  
Work Life Balance ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Life Balance ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Paternity Leave

The paper deals with the social policy of the European Union, specifically the directive (EU) 2019/1158 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 June 2019 on work-life balance for parents and carers and repealing Council Directive 2010/18/EU. And it is considering the changes that need to be made in the area of labour law, especially concerning the Labour Code, and partially in social security in the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic, in connection with the requirement to transpose this directive. The aim of the paper is to evaluate the valid legislation of the Czech Republic and Slovak Republic in the monitored area. Key words: social policy, European Union, work-life balance, directive, parental leave, paternity leave, carers ́ leave, social security.

scholarly journals Reflection of the Change in VAT Rates on Selected Household Expenditures in the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic (2007–2013)

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 1465-1474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Široký ◽  
Regína Střílková ◽  
Anna Bánociová ◽  
Veronika Zlaczká
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Synthetic Methods ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Household Expenditures ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Typical Representative ◽  
Household Spending ◽  
Reduced Rate

Member States of the European Union in the period of years 2007–2013 increased the rate of value added tax several times in an attempt to consolidate public budgets. While the Czech Republic is a typical representative of country changing VAT rates several times, Slovakia made practically only one change in the VAT rate. On the other hand, the Slovak Republic is a country where the reduced rate is applied only to the minimum of commodities. Changes in VAT are naturally reflected in household expenditures which are analyzed by the consumer basket, whose composition is also a subject of changes. Another factor that has an impact on household spending is swapping commodities between the rates of VAT.The aim of this paper is, based on the analytic-synthetic methods, to determine how are these changes differently manifested in the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic in reference to the share of commodity consumption included in the standard and reduced VAT rates and to the exempt transactions, and, in particular, to determine how they affected the VAT burden of the hypothetical household in both countries.

scholarly journals Mental healthcare in the Slovak Republic: current situation and future challenges

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 88-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jozef Dragašek ◽  
Alexander Nawka
Keyword(s):  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Mental Healthcare ◽  
World Health ◽  
The European Union ◽  
International Organisations ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The North ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Health Organization

The Slovak Republic is a landlocked country in central Europe with a population of over 5 million. The Czech Republic and Austria lie to the west, Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east and Hungary to the south. The largest city is the capital, Bratislava; the second largest city is Košnice. Slovakia is a member of the European Union, the United Nations, the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and the World Trade Organization, among other international organisations. The majority of the inhabitants of Slovakia are ethnically Slovak (85.8%). Hungarians are the largest ethnic minority (9.5%). With a gross domestic product (GDP) of €63.3 billion in 2009, Slovakia is classified as a middle-income country. In that year total health expenditure represented 6.7% of GDP (Pažitny, 2008), 34% of which went on pharmaceuticals, the highest share among all OECD countries (World Health Organization, 2010).

scholarly journals Transparency and the efficiency of multi-actor decision-making processes: an empirical analysis of 244 decisions in the European Union

2020 ◽  
pp. 002085232093675
Author(s):  
Gijs Jan Brandsma ◽  
Albert Meijer
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
European Union ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
Complex Relationship ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Political Complexity ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
The One ◽  
Legislative Processes

Studies into decision-making suggest the existence of a tension between transparent and efficient decision-making. It is assumed that an increase in transparency leads to a decline in the efficiency of decision-making processes; however, this assumption has not been tested empirically. This study provides a starting point for investigating the complex relationship between transparency and efficiency on a set of 244 European Union legislative processes between 2014 and 2019. It finds that transparency neither speeds up nor slows down decision-making processes, and that the efficiency of the lawmaking process depends on political complexity. Our results call for further systematic research into the causes and consequences of decision-making transparency. Points for practitioners In decision-making processes, transparency is widely seen as both a blessing and a curse. On the one hand, it is seen as a virtue that fosters legitimacy and participation; on the other hand, it is said to reduce decisional efficiency. However, our study of 244 European Union legislative processes shows that transparency has no effect on their duration. This calls for a re-appreciation of the effects of transparency in decision-making processes.

scholarly journals Reasonability of wine investment in the Czech Republic

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-188
Author(s):  
Tomáš Lintner
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
Local Market ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Great Opportunity ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Globalizing World ◽  
Wine Sector ◽  
The One

The paper deals with the validity of bottled wine investment commited in the Czech Republic. The Agrarian sector of the Czech Republic went during last 20 years through several key changes. After the transformation process its facing the external competitive condition of the globalizing world, especially the one of the European Union common market. One of the Czech Agrarian branch, its wine sector, might play a positive role for the whole „industry“ in future. At presence, there is an increasing trend of the volume of wine investment made not only on local market, but across the whole world as well. All crucial factors such as purchase, storage, ageing a saling process must be properly considered and evaluated. It deals with the principles of wine investment, revenue, risk of purchase and storage of the bottled wine including its liquidity. The process of choice of the appropriate wine for aging is outlined. It shows all possible complications and an approach to the regular investor. This paper using a critical overview on the actual publically spread opinion that the wine investment is a great opportunity compared to the others. The issue is whether to recommend an investment into bottled wine in respect of local market conditions.

Czech republic: outlook of accession to the european union

1997 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luděk Urban
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
The Other ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Accession ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The One ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Eu

The Czech economy is undergoing two dominant processes: on the one hand transformation process which is far from being finished, on the other hand the Czech Republic is preparing its legislation and takes other measures to be ready for accession to the EU. The process of EU accession is a relationship of two partners who are not in quite an equal position. One party, an associated country aspiring to join the EU, tries to demonstrate that it fulfills the laid down conditions of accession and that it is ready for this act.

scholarly journals   Agri-food exports in the enlarged European Union

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 354-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Antimiani ◽  
A. Carbone ◽  
V. Costantini ◽  
R. Henke
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
The Other ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
New Member States ◽  
Export Dynamics ◽  
Catching Up ◽  
Food Market ◽  
The One

  This paper explores the agri-food export dynamics in the New Member States and the Old Member States of the European Union during the enlargement process. The analysis relies on two different approaches based on the similarity and the sophistication indices of exported goods using a disaggregation at 95 items. The analysis shows that different and somehow divergent paths are in place. On the one side, the Czech Republic and Poland are involved in a quality catching up process and increase their competitiveness. On the other side, Bulgaria and Romania seem to be still trapped in the low-quality segment of the agri-food market with a decreasing competitiveness performance in the richest segment of the European market.  

Enlarging ‘Fortress Europe’: Eu Accession, Asylum, and Immigration in Candidate Countries

2003 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 641-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Phuong
Keyword(s):  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Economic Transition ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Accession ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Eu Membership ◽  
Political Symbolism ◽  
Fortress Europe ◽  
European Family ◽  
The Eu

The European Union is soon to be composed of twenty-seven Member States. The first wave of enlargement is to take place in 2004 and may see the accession of Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Malta, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, and the three Baltic states. A few years later, Bulgaria and Romania are also expected to join the EU. Although previous enlargements have taken place,2 the imminent accession of ten countries, mainly from Central and Eastern Europe, is unprecedented not only in terms of scale, but also for its political symbolism: for these states, EU membership confirms the success of their democratic and economic transition efforts and represents their (re-)integration to the European family after decades of isolation under the Soviet domination.

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